Version Of General Self-Efficacy Scale Research Articles

Resilience mediates the effect of self-efficacy on symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women: a nationwide smartphone cross-sectional study in China

BackgroundPrenatal anxiety is one of the most prevalent mental disorders during pregnancy. This study assessed the prevalence of prenatal anxiety and examined whether resilience could play the mediating role in the association between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women in China.MethodsA nationwide smartphone cross-sectional study was carried out in three cities (Shenyang of Liaoning Province, Zhengzhou of Henan Province and Chongqing Municipality) in China from July 2018 to July 2019. The questionnaire consisted of questions on demographic characteristics, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), the Chinese version of General Self-efficacy Scale (GSES), and the 14-item Wagnild and Young Resilience Scale (RS-14). A total of 665 pregnant women were recruited in this study. A hierarchical multiple regression model was employed to explore the associate factors and mediators of symptoms of prenatal anxiety. A structural equation model was employed to test the hypothesis that resilience mediates the association between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety.ResultsThe prevalence of symptoms of prenatal anxiety was 36.4% in this study. Self-efficacy was negatively correlated with symptoms of prenatal anxiety (r = -0.366, P < 0.01). Resilience had a significant positive correlation with self-efficacy (r = 0.612, P < 0.01) and had a negative correlation with symptoms of prenatal anxiety (r = -0.427, P < 0.01). The hierarchical multiple regression model indicated that self-efficacy and resilience were the main factors associated with symptoms of prenatal anxiety and contributed to 11.9% and 6.3% to the variance of symptoms of prenatal anxiety, respectively. Resilience served as a mediator between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety (a*b = -0.198, Bias-corrected and accelerated bootstrap 95% Confidence interval: -0.270, -0.126).ConclusionsSelf-efficacy was a negative predictor of symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women. Moreover, resilience mediated the relation between self-efficacy and symptoms of prenatal anxiety among pregnant women in China. It was observed in this study that psychological interventions might be beneficial for pregnant women to relieve symptoms of prenatal anxiety through improved self-efficacy and resilience.

Psychometric properties of the Persian version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) among substance abusers the year 2019–2020 in Kermanshah city

ObjectivesSelf-efficacy is regarded as a significant factor in self-concept, motivational theories, and health-related behaviors, and can seriously influence one's level of performance. The current article seeks to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES) among substance abusers. MethodsThe research method is descriptive and adopts a validation approach. 261 individuals (47 females and 214 males) were selected among the substance abusers who referred to Kermanshah Farabi Therapeutic Educational Center in 2017 in an accessible procedure, and the subjects completed the GSE Scale and AWARE (Advanced WArning of RElapse) Questionnaire-Revised Form. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha coefficient, correlation coefficient, and divergent validity were used for data analysis. ResultsThe mean and standard deviation of the GSE score of the addicts was 25.79 ± 8.54. The findings corroborated the single-factor structure of the GSE Scale among substance abusers. This factor explained 0.67% of the total variance of the GSE Scale. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained to be 0.94. The results showed that the correlation between the GSE Scale and AWARE Questionnaire was −0.51, and was significant at p < 0.01. ConclusionGiven that the results showed that the GSE Scale has sufficient validity and reliability among substance abusers, it seems that this tool can be used to screen GSE screening among addicts.

Restorative occupational therapy for adolescents with chronic kidney disease

Occupational therapy is demonstrated to improve quality of life and enable rehabilitation of patients with various chronic diseases. However, their role in managing children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unclear. Twelve adolescents with CKD managed at a single center in Hong Kong participated in a 4-weeks occupational lifestyle redesign program (OLSRP) comprising 8 sessions of self-initiated individualized activity plans, led by two occupational therapists. Two surveys, the self-management inventory and Chinese version of General Self-efficacy Scale, administered at initiation and end of OLSRP, were used to examine its impact on competence, confidence and self-efficacy scores. Following OLSRP, 91.7% and 75% of 12 adolescents showed significant improvements in composite scores of both scales, with significant increments in self-management concerning disease, social and collaborative skills, diet, proper schedule, medication intake and acceptance of their disease, and problem solving and confidence.

Translation and Validation of a Chinese Version of the Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire in Community-Dwelling Stroke Survivors

Background: Self-efficacy is a significant factor influencing stroke survivors’ participation in self-care and outcomes. The Stroke Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (SSEQ) is a stroke-specific measure of stroke survivors’ self-efficacy in performing daily functional activities and self-management. However, there has been no Chinese version of the questionnaire.Objective: The current study aims to examine the reliability and validity of a translated Chinese version of SSEQ (SSEQ-C).Methods: The English version of SSEQ has been translated into Chinese. A descriptive study was conducted. A convenience sample of 135 Chinese stroke survivors (mean age 58.9, SD 9.75) was recruited from three community centers and a stroke support group. Eligible participants completed the SSEQ-C, and the Chinese versions of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), Frenchay Activities Index (FAI), and Stroke-Specific Quality of Life Scale (SSQOL). Thirty of the participants completed the questionnaires at baseline and 4 weeks afterwards.Results: SSEQ-C had a high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α 0.92). Test–retest reliability was satisfactory with the intraclass correlation coefficient of the total scale 0.52. Positive correlations were found between the total scores of SSEQ-C, GSES, FAI, and SSQOL (Spearman’s ρ: 0.48–0.68, p < 0.01), suggesting acceptable convergent validity. Principal component analysis suggested a two-factor model, namely “Live with new challenges” and “Activity and exercise engagement” in contrast to the single-factor model for the original questionnaire.Conclusion: The results suggest SSEQ-C is a reliable and valid tool for measuring Chinese community-dwelling stroke survivors’ self-efficacy in managing post-stroke condition. More studies are warranted to confirm the two-factor model of the questionnaire.

The comparation of self-efficacy and coping styles between older adults and undergraduates

Objective To investigate the age effect on self-efficacy, coping styles, and their relationship. Methods 48 older adults and 49 undergraduates were investigated, using the background questionnaire, Coping Style Scale, and the Chinese version of General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES). Results (1) The mean scores of GSES of older adults (43.47±11.49) were significantly higher than undergraduates (40.82±7.88)( P <0.05). Solving problem and self-accusation of coping styles were significantly different between the two groups( P <0.01,P <0.05). (2) Self-efficacy was significantly related to some dimensions of coping styles ( P <0.01 or P <0.05) and the correlation patterns between self-efficacy and coping styles among older adults were different to that among undergraduates. (3) Among undergraduates, the group with higher self-efficacy was significantly different to the group with lower self-efficacy in terms of coping styles ( P <0.05). Conclusion The self-efficacy, coping styles and their correlation pattern of older adults are significantly different to these of undergraduates. Key words: Self-efficacy; Coping style; Older adult