Version Of Component Research Articles

Humeral Component Version Has No Effect on Outcomes Following Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Prospective, Double-Blinded, Randomized Controlled Trial.

Controversy exists regarding the ideal humeral component version to optimize humeral rotation and patient outcomes in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA). Patients undergoing primary rTSA for rotator cuff tear arthropathy, a massive rotator cuff tear, or primary osteoarthritis with a rotator cuff tear were randomized to placement of the humeral component in neutral version or 30° of retroversion. Shoulder active range of motion and strength and visual analog scale (VAS) pain, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES), and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System Global 10 (PROMIS-10) scores were collected up to 2 years postoperatively. The goal of the study was to determine whether humeral external rotation and internal rotation are affected by humeral component version following rTSA at 2 years postoperatively. Sixty-six patients were included in the analysis. The median follow-up was 26 months for the neutral and 27 months for the 30° retroversion group. No differences between the groups were observed with respect to the primary diagnosis, sex, age, body mass index, or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class. The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of improvement at 2 years in active shoulder abduction (p = 0.969), forward elevation (p = 1.000), internal rotation measured as the highest spinal level reached (p = 1.000), internal rotation with the arm abducted 90° (p = 0.451), external rotation (p = 0.362), or muscle strength in forward elevation (p = 1.000), abduction (p = 1.000), external rotation (p = 0.617), or internal rotation (p = 1.000). The 2 groups did not differ significantly in terms of improvement in postoperative ASES (p = 1.000), PROMIS-10 physical (p = 1.000), or VAS pain scores (p = 0.718) at the time of final follow-up. In the neutral version group, 1 patient underwent revision for instability and 1 for stiffness. One acromial stress fracture occurred in the 30° humeral retroversion group. Scapular notching was observed in 7 (21.2%) of the patients in neutral version group and 5 (15.2%) of the patients in the 30° retroversion group (p = 0.750). Securing the humeral component at neutral version or 30° of retroversion in rTSA resulted in similar active shoulder external rotation, internal rotation, forward elevation, abduction, and strength measurements, complication rates, and VAS pain, PROMIS-10 physical, and ASES scores at 2 years postoperatively. Therapeutic Level I . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

The Influence of Component Design and Positioning on Soft-Tissue Tensioning and Complications in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Review.

» Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was designed to function in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder by adjusting the glenohumeral center of rotation (COR) to maximize deltoid function.» Adjustments in the COR ultimately lead to changes in resting tension of the deltoid and remaining rotator cuff, which can affect implant stability and risk of stress fracture.» Soft-tissue balance and complication profiles can be affected by humeral component (version, neck shaft angle, and inlay vs. onlay) and glenoid component (sagittal placement, version, inclination, and lateralization) design and application.» A good understanding of the effects on soft-tissue balance and complication profile is critical for surgeons to best provide optimal patient outcomes.

Securing Supply Chains in Open Source Ecosystems: Methodologies for Determining Version Numbers of Components Without Package Management Files

In the case of supply chain security detection research, determining the component version number is a crucial task for the open source components of package-free management files. This paper aims to explore the new perspective of the determination of component version numbers based on various methods and to propose an effective method. First, by analyzing the source code of the component, you can try to determine the version number of the component by a specific mode, function, or variable in the code. This approach requires in-depth study and analysis of the source code to extract key code snippets that may contain version information. Second, the submission history of the component can be used to track the change of the version number. The modification content and update information for each version is obtained by viewing the submission records of the components in the version control system. Such an approach is relatively feasible for those components with a canonical versioning history. In addition, the metadata or metadata information of the component can be used to determine the version number. Some open-source components may contain version-related information in their code or documentation, such as release date, release instructions, version labels, etc. By parsing and extraction of these metadata, the version number of the components is obtained. In addition, the version number of the component can be obtained through communication with the community or the developer. Participate in the relevant open source community or contact component developers to consult them for information about the component version. This approach may require more time and resources, but is a viable option for those components that are difficult to determine the version number through other means. To sum up, the determination of the version number of open source components without package management files is an important link in supply chain security detection.

The Impact of Climate Forcing Biases and the Nitrogen Cycle on Land Carbon Balance Projections

AbstractEarth System Models (ESMs) project that the terrestrial carbon sink will continue to grow as atmospheric CO2 increases, but this projection is uncertain due to biases in the simulated climate and how ESMs represent ecosystem processes. In particular, the strength of the CO2‐fertilization effect, which is modulated by nutrient cycles, varies substantially across models. This study evaluates land carbon balance uncertainties for the Canadian Earth System Model (CanESM) by conducting simulations where the latest version of CanESM's land surface component is driven offline with raw and bias‐adjusted CanESM5 climate forcing data. To quantify the impact of nutrient limitation, we complete simulations where the nitrogen cycle is enabled or disabled. Results show that bias adjustment improves model performance across most ecosystem variables, primarily due to reduced biases in precipitation. Turning the nitrogen cycle on increases the global land carbon sink during the historical period (1995–2014) due to enhanced nitrogen deposition, placing it within the Global Carbon Budget uncertainty range. During the future period (2080–2099), the simulated land carbon sink increases in response to bias adjustment and decreases in response to the dynamic carbon‐nitrogen interaction, leading to a net decrease when both factors are acting together. The dominating impact of the nitrogen cycle demonstrates the importance of representing nutrient limitation in ESMs. Such efforts may produce more robust carbon balance projections in support of global climate change mitigation policies such as the 2015 Paris Agreement.

3-dimensionally printed patient-specific glenoid drill guides vs. standard nonspecific instrumentation: a randomized controlled trial comparing the accuracy of glenoid component placement in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty

Traditional, commercially-sourced patient-specific instrumentation (PSI) systems for shoulder arthroplasty improve glenoid component placement but can involve considerable cost and outsourcing delays. The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to compare the accuracy of glenoid component positioning in anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) using an in-house, point-of-care, 3-dimensionally (3D) printed patient-specific glenoid drill guide versus standard non-specific instrumentation. This single-center randomized controlled trial included 36 adult patients undergoing primary aTSA. Patients were blinded and randomized 1:1 to either the PSI or the standard aTSA guide groups. The primary endpoint was accuracy of glenoid component placement (version and inclination), which was determined using a metal-suppression CT scan taken between 6 weeks to 1 year postoperatively. Deviation from the preoperative 3D templating plan was calculated for each patient. Blinded postoperative CT measurements were performed by a fellowship-trained shoulder surgeon and a musculoskeletal radiologist. Nineteen patients were randomized to the patient-specific glenoid drill guide group, and 17 were allocated to the standard instrumentation control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for native version (p = 0.527) or inclination (p = 0.415). The version correction was similar between the two groups (p = 0.551), and the PSI group was significantly more accurate when correcting version than the control group (p = 0.042). The PSI group required a significantly greater inclination correction than the control group (p = 0.002); however, the two groups still had similar accuracy when correcting inclination (p = 0.851). For the PSI group, there was no correlation between accuracy of component placement and native version, native inclination, or Walch classification of glenoid wear (p > 0.05). For the control group, accuracy when correcting version was inversely correlated with native version (p = 0.033), but accuracy was not correlated with native inclination or Walch classification of glenoid wear (p > 0.05). The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was 0.703 and 0.848 when measuring version and inclination accuracy respectively. When compared to standard instrumentation, the use of in-house, 3D-printed, patient-specific glenoid drill guides during aTSA led to more accurate glenoid component version correction and similarly accurate inclination correction. Additional research should examine the influence of proper component position and use of patient-specific instrumentation on clinical outcomes.

Association Between Timed Up-and-Go Test and Future Changes in the Frailty Status in a Longitudinal Study of Japanese Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between timed up-and-go (TUG) test time and changes in frailty status in a longitudinal cohort study of rural Japanese older adults. This prospective cohort study included 545 community-dwelling older adults. Initial and 2-year follow-up surveys were conducted. We compared the number of the Japanese version of the Cardiovascular Health Study components during the follow-up period and classified the participants into three groups: the favorable change, unchanged as prefrail, and unfavorable change groups. Associations between changes in frailty status and TUG time in the first survey were examined. The predictive ability of the TUG test was determined using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The favorable change group comprised 315 individuals (57.8%), the unchanged as prefrail group 105 (19.2%), and the unfavorable change group 125 (22.9%). TUG time was associated with the favorable and unfavorable changes after adjustment for covariates (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.68-0.92, P=0.001 and OR 1.27, 95% CI 1.09-1.49, P=0.002). The ROC curve of TUG time as a predictor of unfavorable changes showed an area under the curve of 0.59. A cut-off point of TUG was calculated as 6.3 s with 49.6% sensitivity and 66.0% specificity. TUG time in the first survey was significantly associated with changes in frailty status 2 years later. However, its predictive value as a stand-alone test is limited and has the potential to predict future changes in the frailty status in older adults in combination with other tests.

System model of neuromorphic sequence learning on a memristive crossbar array

Machine learning models for sequence learning and processing often suffer from high energy consumption and require large amounts of training data. The brain presents more efficient solutions to how these types of tasks can be solved. While this has inspired the conception of novel brain-inspired algorithms, their realizations remain constrained to conventional von-Neumann machines. Therefore, the potential power efficiency of the algorithm cannot be exploited due to the inherent memory bottleneck of the computing architecture. Therefore, we present in this paper a dedicated hardware implementation of a biologically plausible version of the Temporal Memory component of the Hierarchical Temporal Memory concept. Our implementation is built on a memristive crossbar array and is the result of a hardware-algorithm co-design process. Rather than using the memristive devices solely for data storage, our approach leverages their specific switching dynamics to propose a formulation of the peripheral circuitry, resulting in a more efficient design. By combining a brain-like algorithm with emerging non-volatile memristive device technology we strive for maximum energy efficiency. We present simulation results on the training of complex high-order sequences and discuss how the system is able to predict in a context-dependent manner. Finally, we investigate the energy consumption during the training and conclude with a discussion of scaling prospects.

Examination of the Relationships Between Diversity Appreciation, Self-Monitoring and Cooperative Conflict Management

This research study examines the mediating influence of self-monitoring (SM) on the relationship between diversity appreciation (DA) and cooperative conflict management (CCM). Two hundred and twenty-one undergraduate business students completed self-assessment measures of DA and SM, and identified a close associate who completed an observer version of the problem-solving component of the Dutch conflict management style scale. Product moment correlations were used to examine the hypothesized relationships between CCM and both DA and SM, and the Hayes process and the Sobel test were used to test the hypothesis that SM mediates the relationship between DA and CCM. CCM was significantly correlated with both DA (r = 0.30, p < 0.01) and SM (r = 0.37, p < 0.01). DA was significantly correlated with SM (r = 0.31, p < 0.01). Both the Hayes process and Sobel test (Z = 3.29, p < 0.001) confirmed that SM partially mediated the relationship between DA and CCM. Educators and practitioners need to be aware of the influence of DA and SM on CCM. Development activities that integrate diversity appreciation, sensitive responses toward the expressed behavior of others, and appropriate modification of self-presentation are likely to promote a cooperative approach to conflict management. This is the first study to examine the interrelationships between DA, SM and CCM. The results highlight the importance of promoting both diversity appreciation and self-monitoring as part of the process of encouraging more cooperative conflict management and strengthening the link between diversity and performance.

Design and Analysis of FRP Composite Drive Shaft for Light Motor Vehicle

To make light vehicles such as cars fuel-efficient, which in turn cars make economical, the vehicle should have a lighter weight. The composite materials are lightweight with extra strength as well as stiffness; the replacement of FRP composite materials to conventional metal (SM45C) materials applied in automotive car components can cut back the weight and enhance the mechanical properties of those components. This task deals with the power shaft of MARUTI OMNI to design the shaft for its minimal dimensions and fulfil modern-day disadvantages with specification then replace traditional metallic material with Carbon/Epoxy FRP composite material. Then a component version created for individual dimensions in CATIA V5R19 software. As soon as modeling, Torsional buckling evaluation and Modal analysis could be carried out for propeller shafts the use of ANSYS R14.5 to validate the theoretical calculations and analytical outcomes. The received outcomes are compared and Carbon/Epoxy Fiber Reinforced Polymer composite material is selected as a better alternative material for normal steel material in terms of many mechanical properties for light motor cars.

Evaluation of Aerosol Optical Depth Forecasts from NOAA’s Global Aerosol Forecast Model (GEFS-Aerosols)

Abstract The NWS/NCEP recently implemented a new global deterministic aerosol forecast model named the Global Ensemble Forecast Systems Aerosols (GEFS-Aerosols), which is based on the Finite Volume version 3 GFS (FV3GFS). It replaced the operational NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) GFS Aerosol Component version 2 (NGACv2), which was based on a global spectral model (GSM). GEFS-Aerosols uses aerosol modules from the GOCART previously integrated in the WRF Model with Chemistry (WRF-Chem), FENGSHA dust scheme, and several other updates. In this study, we have extensively evaluated aerosol optical depth (AOD) forecasts from GEFS-Aerosols against various observations over a timespan longer than one year (2019–20). The total AOD improvement (in terms of seasonal mean) in GEFS-Aerosols is about 40% compared to NGACv2 in the fall and winter season of 2019. In terms of aerosol species, the biggest improvement came from the enhanced representation of biomass burning aerosol species as GEFS-Aerosols is able to capture more fire events in southern Africa, South America, and Asia than its predecessor. Dust AODs reproduce the seasonal variation over Africa and the Middle East. We have found that correlation of total AOD over large regions of the globe remains consistent for forecast days 3–5. However, we have found that GEFS-Aerosols generates some systematic positive biases for organic carbon AOD near biomass burning regions and sulfate AOD over prediction over East Asia. The addition of a data assimilation capability to GEFS-Aerosols in the near future is expected to address these biases and provide a positive impact to aerosol forecasts by the model. Significance Statement The purpose of this study is to quantify improvements associated with the newly implemented global aerosol forecast model at NWS/NCEP. The monthly and seasonal variations of AOD forecasts of various aerosol regimes are overall consistent with the observations. Our results provide a guide to downstream regional air quality models like CMAQ that will use GEFS-Aerosols to provide lateral boundary conditions.

Does Intra-operativeFluoroscopy Significantly Improve Component Position in a Primary Total Hip Arthroplasty? Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital.

Optimal component placement, equalization of leg lengths, and recreation of offset are important surgical objectives during total hip arthroplasty (THA). Historically, many surgeons have aimed for the Lewinnek's " safe zone," which is defined as 30°-50° of abduction and 5°-25° of anteversion. Methods for optimizing cup position include anatomic landmarks, room landmarks, acetabular cup coverage, and ischial or pubis palpation. Malposition of the acetabular component after total hip arthroplasty (THA) is related to dislocation of the prosthetic femoral head, increased polyethylene liner wear, and limited range of motion. The orientation of the acetabular component comprises inclination and anteversion. Although the inclination of the acetabular component can be easily measured on plain radiographs, the calculation of the anteversion is difficult. This study evaluates the effect of intra-operative fluoroscopy on component position, mainly anteversion and inclination of the acetabular cup, during a total hip arthroplasty. 106 hips undergoing total hip arthroplasty were assessed, and the decision to use fluoroscopy assistance was randomized based on a simple randomization technique. A total of 48 patients were operated on with fluoroscopy assistance and 58 patients without fluoroscopy assistance. All patients were evaluated postoperatively for version of component on anteroposterior radiographs of the hip using the method of Liaw et al. and for inclination of component on anteroposterior radiographs using the method of Woo and Morrey. The mean version for the non-fluoroscopy (NF) group was 15.62° and the mean inclination was 44.22°, with 15.5% (9 out of 58) of the patients who did not fit into Lewinnek's safe zone for version and 25.9% (15 out of 58) of the patients who were outliers for inclination of the acetabular cup position. The mean version for the fluoroscopy group (F) was 11.80° and the mean inclination was 47.05°, with 0% (0 out of 48) of the patients who did not fit into Lewinnek's safe zone for version and 12.5% (6 out of 48) of the patients who were outliers for inclination of the acetabular cup position. While the mean version and inclination of the acetabular component were comparable for both groups, outliers for version and inclination were far more common in the group of patients who underwent surgery without intra-operative fluoroscopic assistance. Therefore, intra-operative fluoroscopy imaging confirms appropriate inclination (abduction) and version of acetabular cup position according to Lewinnek's safe zone and prevents undesirable component position during a total hip arthroplasty while adding a maximum of 5min to the operative time.

Clinico-radiological correlation of reverse shoulder arthroplasty outcomes

<p>Positioning of prosthetic components is essential for the success and longevity of the prosthesis. Judging prosthetic implantation radiologically is always beneficial; plain radiographs and computed tomography can provide information regards inclination and version of glenoid component, besides, lateralization of prosthetic components.<strong> </strong>This study aims at postoperative radiological evaluation of component positioning of reverse shoulder prosthesis and correlating measured radiological parameters with clinical outcome.<strong> </strong>Radiological assessment was carried on by radiographs taking advantage of true anteroposterior projection, and midaxial two-dimensional computed tomography cut. Radiographs evaluated glenoid inclination in coronal plane (superior-inferior tilt) via global inclination angle, and critical shoulder angle. Center of rotation was evaluated by calculating acromion index. Additionally, acromiohumeral interval, and deltoid lever arm distance were documented. Midaxial CT cuts evaluated glenoid version. Each parameter was correlated to postoperative clinical outcome represented in range of motion and total functional scores.<strong> </strong>the mean acromion index revealed significant change to 63.82±9.06%, total medialization surged significantly with average 1.51 cm with a mean postoperative calibrated center of rotation-distance of 3.72±0.78 cm. The mean increase in acro-mio-humeral interval was 1.57 cm with a new postoperative value of 2.49±0.9 cm. The mean glenoid version declined to 5.7º±5º, however, this change was not significant.<strong> </strong>In conclusion, accurate positioning of shoulder prosthesis components with proper tensioning of soft tissue envelope within acceptable measurement parameters is considered crucial for stability and longevity of implant with the best clinical outcomes.<strong></strong></p>

Restoration of Global Offset and Limb Length in Primary Unilateral Total Hip Arthroplasty When Preoperative Templating is not Applied

Background: Preoperative templating is an essential step before performing any total hip arthroplasty (THA). Restoration of global offset (GO) and limb length (LL) were among the templating purposes. Thus, we aimed to perform THA without preoperative templating based on clinical examination and intra-operative anatomical landmarks to restore hip biomechanics.Patients and Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 40 patients with primary THA through the posterior approach. The lesser trochanter was used to determine the level of femoral neck cut, the femoral component insertion depth, and version, along with adjusting the level of the center of the femoral head to the tip of the greater trochanter. The transverse acetabular ligament (TAL) was used as a reference for the acetabular component version and inclination. To optimize the LL, preoperative clinical assessment, intra-operative comparison with the normal side, soft tissue tension, and shuck test were used. GO was adjusted using the depth of acetabulum after reaming, placing the acetabular component fit or 10% overhang from the ridge and gluteus medius muscle tension. Postoperatively, computed tomography (CT) scan was used for measuring the GO (acetabular offset (AO) + femoral offset (FO)) and limb length discrepancy (LLD) and compared to the sound side. Pre and postoperatively, LL was measured using a tape measure from the anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS) to the medial malleolus.Results: Depending on postoperative CT measurements, there was no significant difference between the mean normal and operative GO (P=0.894). The mean LL difference between the two sides was 0.38 cm (P=0.007). Clinically, the mean LLD (comparing the normal side with the operated side preoperatively) was 1.001 cm, while the mean LLD was 0.722 cm (P=0.0455).Conclusions: This study demonstrated that when the preoperative templating step is omitted, depending on intraoperative landmarks, neither the GO nor the AO and FO of the operated side were significantly affected. The mean radiological and clinical postoperative LLD was almost consistent, and the mean difference was < 1 cm, which is within the acceptable range. Do not use abbreviations in abstract and conclusions.

Humeral and Glenoid Version in Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review.

There is increasing interest in reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA) as a reliable treatment for arthritic, rotator cuff deficient shoulders. Humeral and glenoid version are controversial parameters that can influence internal and external rotation, muscular forces, and implant stability as outcomes of RTSA. The aim of this study was to obtain an overview of the current knowledge on the effect of both humeral component version and glenoid component version and give recommendations on their most optimal degree for RTSA. A comprehensive quantitative review of the published literature on the effect of humeral version and glenoid version in RTSA was performed, to identify its influence on the range of movement, muscle forces, and intrinsic stability of the reverse prosthesis. Eleven studies were included: nine were biomechanical studies, one was a clinical-radiographic study, and one was an implant design consideration. Anterior stability can be improved by implanting the humeral component in neutral or with some anteversion. Glenoid component retroversion has been proven to reduce the likelihood of subluxation, while increasing ER and ROM at the same time. The study was conducted considering 5° anteversion; neutral; and 5°, 10°, and 20° retroversion of the glenoid component. Although a final opinion has not been yet expressed on the matter, the general consensus tends to agree on restoring 0° to 20° of retroversion of the humeral and glenoid component to yield the best outcomes.

Demographic factors that impact attitudes toward medical cannabis.

This study aims to identify pertinent demographic characteristics that influence attitudes toward medical cannabis. Survey respondents were recruited through social media posts, partnering with community organizations, and snowball sampling. Attitudes were measured with a modified version of the medical component of the Recreational and Medical Cannabis Attitudes Scale (MMCAS). Data were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA or one-way Welch ANOVA to determine differences within demographic characteristics. A Tukey-Kramer, or Games-Howell, post-hoc analysis was conducted to determine specific groups within the independent variables that significantly impacted medical cannabis attitudes. A total of 645 participants completed the survey. Significant variation in MMCAS was noted between groups based on race, political party affiliation, political view, religion, state legal status, and past/current cannabis use. There were no significant variations noted in MMCAS for apolitical factors. Political, religious, and legal demographic factors impact attitudes toward medical cannabis. The use of health education targeted at the groups of people who continue to harbor antiquated attitudes toward medical cannabis will help to improve patient access and, thus, patient outcomes. Cannabis advocates can innovatively apply health education efforts to groups of people who are aligned with the demographic factors identified in this current work.

The impact of education on attitudes toward medical cannabis

This research explores the impact of patient education on reducing historical and current stigma. Participants were recruited through social media, parenting with community organizations, and snowball sampling. A pretest posttest method was utilized. Participants viewed five balanced educational videos about medicinal cannabis. Attitudes toward medical cannabis were measured with a modified version of the medical component of the Recreational and Medical Cannabis Attitudes Scale (RMCAS). In total, 111 participants completed all requirements of the study. Results of a Wilcoxon Sign Rank Test demonstrated a significant increase in the modified medical component of the RMCAS (1.18, p = 0.029). Health education is an effective intervention to reduce stigma associated with medical cannabis. Future health policies must take a balanced, education-focused, and proactive stance in reducing barriers to care that exist due to the negative stigma associated with cannabis use. Innovation: Historically, patient education has focused on areas such as tobacco, automobile safety, vaccinations, obesity, and the like. This research applied patient education to the area of medical cannabis to improve attitudes toward it and improve patient access.

Difference analysis of the glenoid centerline between 3D preoperative planning and 3D printed prosthesis manipulation in total shoulder arthroplasty.

Excessive version and inclination of the glenoid component during total shoulder arthroplasty can lead to glenohumeral instability, early loosening, and even failure. The orientation and position of the central pin determine the version and inclination of the glenoid component. The purpose of this study was to compare the differences in centerline position and orientation obtained using "3D preoperative planning based on the best-fit method for glenoid elements" and the surgeon's manipulation. Twenty-nine CT images of glenohumeral osteoarthritis of the shoulder were reconstructed into a 3D model, and a 3D printer was used to create an in vitro model for the surgeon to drill the center pin. The 3D shoulder model was also used for 3D preoperative planning (3DPP) using the best-fit method for glenoid elements. The in vitro model was scanned and the version, inclination and center position were measured to compare with the 3DPP results. The respective mean inclinations (versions) of the surgeon and 3DPP were -2.63° ± 6.60 (2.87° ± 5.97) and -1.96° ± 4.24 (-3.21° ± 4.00), respectively. There was no significant difference in the inclination and version of the surgeon and 3DPP. For surgeons, the probability of the inclination and version being greater than 10° was 13.8% (4/29) and 10.3% (3/29), respectively. Compared to the 3DPP results, the surgeon's center position was shifted down an average of 1.63mm. There was a significant difference in the center position of the surgeon and 3DPP (p < 0.05). The central pin drilled by surgeons using general instruments was significantly lower than those defined using 3D preoperative planning and standard central definitions. 3D preoperative planning prevents the version and inclination of the centerline from exceeding safe values (± 10°).

Applying Deep Learning to Establish a Total Hip Arthroplasty Radiography Registry: A Stepwise Approach.

Establishing imaging registries for large patient cohorts is challenging because manual labeling is tedious and relying solely on DICOM (digital imaging and communications in medicine) metadata can result in errors. We endeavored to establish an automated hip and pelvic radiography registry of total hip arthroplasty (THA) patients by utilizing deep-learning pipelines. The aims of the study were (1) to utilize these automated pipelines to identify all pelvic and hip radiographs with appropriate annotation of laterality and presence or absence of implants, and (2) to automatically measure acetabular component inclination and version for THA images. We retrospectively retrieved 846,988 hip and pelvic radiography DICOM files from 20,378 patients who underwent primary or revision THA performed at our institution from 2000 to 2020. Metadata for the files were screened followed by extraction of imaging data. Two deep-learning algorithms (an EfficientNetB3 classifier and a YOLOv5 object detector) were developed to automatically determine the radiographic appearance of all files. Additional deep-learning algorithms were utilized to automatically measure the acetabular angles on anteroposterior pelvic and lateral hip radiographs. Algorithm performance was compared with that of human annotators on a random test sample of 5,000 radiographs. Deep-learning algorithms enabled appropriate exclusion of 209,332 DICOM files (24.7%) as misclassified non-hip/pelvic radiographs or having corrupted pixel data. The final registry was automatically curated and annotated in <8 hours and included 168,551 anteroposterior pelvic, 176,890 anteroposterior hip, 174,637 lateral hip, and 117,578 oblique hip radiographs. The algorithms achieved 99.9% accuracy, 99.6% precision, 99.5% recall, and a 99.6% F1 score in determining the radiograph appearance. We developed a highly accurate series of deep-learning algorithms to rapidly curate and annotate THA patient radiographs. This efficient pipeline can be utilized by other institutions or registries to construct radiography databases for patient care, longitudinal surveillance, and large-scale research. The stepwise approach for establishing a radiography registry can further be utilized as a workflow guide for other anatomic areas. Diagnostic Level IV . See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Development and evaluation of the Aerosol Forecast Member in the National Center for Environment Prediction (NCEP)'s Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS-Aerosols v1)

Abstract. The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s National Weather Service (NWS) is on its way to deploying various operational prediction applications using the Unified Forecast System (https://ufscommunity.org/, last access: 18 June 2022), a community-based coupled, comprehensive Earth modeling system. An aerosol model component developed in collaboration between the Global Systems Laboratory, Chemical Science Laboratory, Air Resources Laboratory, and Environmental Modeling Center (GSL, CSL, ARL, EMC) was coupled online with the FV3 Global Forecast System (FV3GFS) using the National Unified Operational Prediction Capability (NUOPC)-based NOAA Environmental Modeling System (NEMS) software framework. This aerosol prediction system replaced the NEMS GFS Aerosol Component version 2 (NGACv2) system in the National Center for Environment Prediction (NCEP) production suite in September 2020 as one of the ensemble members of the Global Ensemble Forecast System (GEFS), dubbed GEFS-Aerosols v1. The aerosol component of atmospheric composition in the GEFS is based on the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). GEFS-Aerosols includes bulk modules from the Goddard Chemistry Aerosol Radiation and Transport model (GOCART). Additionally, the biomass burning plume rise module from High-Resolution Rapid Refresh (HRRR)-Smoke based on WRF-Chem was implemented. The GOCART dust scheme was replaced by the FENGSHA dust scheme (developed by ARL). The Blended Global Biomass Burning Emissions Product (GBBEPx version 3) provides biomass burning emission and fire radiative power (FRP) data. The global anthropogenic emission inventories are derived from the Community Emissions Data System (CEDS). All sub-grid-scale transport and deposition are handled inside the atmospheric physics routines, which required consistent implementation of positive definite tracer transport and wet scavenging in the physics parameterizations used by the NCEP's operational FV3GFS. This paper describes the details of GEFS-Aerosols model development and evaluation of real-time and retrospective runs using different observations from in situ measurement and satellite and aircraft data. GEFS-Aerosols predictions demonstrate substantial improvements for both composition and variability of aerosol distributions over those from the former operational NGACv2 system with the fundamental updates (e.g., dust and fire emission) in the atmospheric and chemical transport model.

SpeedyIBL: A comprehensive, precise, and fast implementation of instance-based learning theory.

Instance-based learning theory (IBLT) is a comprehensive account of how humans make decisions from experience during dynamic tasks. Since it was first proposed almost two decades ago, multiple computational models have been constructed based on IBLT (i.e., IBL models). These models have been demonstrated to be very successful in explaining and predicting human decisions in multiple decision-making contexts. However, as IBLT has evolved, the initial description of the theory has become less precise, and it is unclear how its demonstration can be expanded to more complex, dynamic, and multi-agent environments. This paper presents an updated version of the current theoretical components of IBLT in a comprehensive and precise form. It also provides an advanced implementation of the full set of theoretical mechanisms, SpeedyIBL, to unlock the capabilities of IBLT to handle a diverse taxonomy of individual and multi-agent decision-making problems. SpeedyIBL addresses a practical computational issue in past implementations of IBL models, the curse of exponential growth, that emerges from memory-based tabular computations. When more observations accumulate over time, there is an exponential growth of the memory of instances that leads directly to an exponential slowdown of the computational time. Thus, SpeedyIBL leverages parallel computation with vectorization to speed up the execution time of IBL models. We evaluate the robustness of SpeedyIBL over an existing implementation of IBLT in decision games of increased complexity. The results not only demonstrate the applicability of IBLT through a wide range of decision-making tasks, but also highlight the improvement of SpeedyIBL over its prior implementation as the complexity of decision features the of agents increase. The library is open sourced for the use of the broad research community.