Version Of Audit Research Articles

Preslaughter factors affecting mobility, blood parameters, bruising, and muscle pH of finished beef cattle in the United States.

Decades of work have focused on reducing fear, stress, and discomfort in cattle during the preslaughter phase by improving and promoting animal handling, transportation, and management processes. Even still, there is limited information about the effects of preslaughter factors on animal welfare and meat quality outcomes in finished cattle in the United States. This study aimed to track individual animals through the slaughter process to identify preslaughter factors associated with key welfare and quality outcomes. A total of 454 cattle from one commercial slaughter facility were studied. Preslaughter factors assessed included distance traveled, truck waiting time, lairage density, lairage duration, and season. Animal characteristics, i.e., body weight, breed, and sex, were also recorded. One trained observer scored the mobility of all cattle using the North American Meat Institute's 1-4 scale (i.e., normal to extremely reluctant to move). Exsanguination blood was collected and analyzed for cortisol, creatine kinase, and lactate. Carcass bruising was scored using a modified version of the National Beef Quality Audit's bruise-scoring methodology (i.e., no bruise, one bruise ≤ the size of a deck of cards, one bruise > than the size of a deck of cards, and multiple bruises). Ultimate muscle pH was measured 32 to 36h postmortem. Multi-predictor models were selected for each outcome variable using Akaike Information Criterion. Continuous outcome variables were analyzed using linear mixed-effect models and categorical outcome variables with mixed-effect logistic regression models. Longer truck waiting times were associated with increased cortisol (P = 0.04) and lactate (P = 0.02) concentrations. Similarly, increased lairage duration was associated with increased creatine kinase concentrations(P = 0.05) and the odds of cattle being bruised (P = 0.03). Less space allowance per animal in lairage was associated with increased odds of cattle having impaired mobility (P = 0.01). There was a seasonal effect for many of the measured outcomes; the summer season was associated with greater lactate concentrations (P < 0.0001), increased odds of impaired mobility (P < 0.0001), and increased odds of carcass bruising (P = 0.003). The findings of this study indicate that many of the preslaughter factors assessed influence critical welfare and meat quality outcomes of finished beef cattle, warranting future research and consideration.

ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ АКТУАЛИЗАЦИИ КЭШИРОВАННЫХ ДАННЫХ

The paper presents a method for updating data stored in cache using data caching algorithm based on the predicates truth spaces. A version of detailed audit of database changes has been developed to track the data state on the server. To check the relevance of the data, an algorithm has been developed that sends a request to the server in order to compare the data in the cache and the database and executes query to the server to get data in case the cached data is out of date

POSTAL TLD AUDIT OF HETEROGENEITY CORRECTIONS IN RADIOTHERAPY IN THE CZECH REPUBLIC.

In the Czech Republic, a more advanced version of postal audit in radiotherapy (RT) is available. It covers dose measurements with thermoluminescent dosemeters (TLD) in more complex conditions of irradiation, when dose distribution is affected by heterogeneities in the irradiated volume. Relative deviation between doses measured with TLDs and doses stated by RT centre should not exceed 3%. During 2015-2017, all Czech RT centres equipped with modern linear accelerators were subjected to this more advanced TLD audit. A total of 70% of participants complied with the limit of 3% in the first round of this audit.

Efetividade de diferentes métodos para detecção de binge drinking em estudantes de Odontologia

The purpose of this study was to estimate the alcoholic beverage consumption among undergraduate students of a Dentistry Course and compare the effectiveness of screening methods for the detection of binge drinking. A total of 284 undergraduate students participated in the research. We used the full AUDIT and their reduced forms (AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C). In addition, a ROC curve was created and its area was calculated. Of the students, 91.0% and 90.6% of the male and female genders, respectively, reported alcohol beverage consumption. Bing-drinking behavior occurred in 69.2% of the men and in 52.4% of the women. The 3 methods showed good discriminatory ability. For the women, there was a significant difference between the AUDIT-3 and AUDIT-C. Both the complete version of AUDIT and its reduced forms presented good discriminatory ability.

COMPARISON OF AUDIT VERSIONS FOR ALCOHOL CONSUMPTION

The reliability of the full and abridged version of AUDIT questionnaire was studied in a sample of respondents from Moscow and St. Petersburg (n = 1538). It was shown that Cronbach's а for the full version is equal to 0,888 and for abridged, 3-item version (AUDIT-C) — 0,788. Standard error of measurement (SEM) was relatively high for AUDIT-C and comprised 21% of the full range of values. In comparison for the full AUDIT SEMwas only 12% of the range. Comparison of the dichotomized versions of the questionnaires showd that agreement was good but not excellent (Cohen's к = 0,736, 95%CI = 0,701-0,771). In the same time one question(AUDIT-3) has almost as good agreement with results of full questionnaire as AUDIT-C (к = 0,641, 95%CI = 0,600-0,681). taking into account lower reliability of AUDIT-C and possibility of significant disagreementit is recommended to use full version of AUDIT and in case of acute time shortage — one question AUDIT-3.