The base of geological sections of petroliferous provinces in compositionally different rocks contains an anthraxolite‐asphaltite carbonaceous material that does not fit the classical models of naphthide or naphthoid formation. The complex nature of such material is related to the extreme variability of its chemical composition that is inconsistent with physiochemical properties and the associated (not always) hydrothermal mineralization as various sulfides, carbonates, quartz, rare metal‐phosphate assemblages, and U-bearing minerals. Study of the geochemical properties of such bitumens with the neutron activation method was hampered for a long time by the high content of radioactive elements (primarily U). During irradiation in a reactor, uranium generates a wide range of radionuclides, spectra of which are overprinted on lines of the major microelements. Implementation of the ICP-MS method in research works makes it possible to avoid such overlaps and refine significantly the precision of analysis and the increase in the number of analyzed metals. Our aim was to reveal the concentration level of microelements of various groups in bitumens and elucidate their genetic informativeness. We also attempted to compare characteristics of carbonaceous material dispersed in Carboniferous rocks of the Dneprov graben and Vendian rocks of the Nepa‐Botuoba anteclise (including the crystalline basement). The Dneprov graben includes a dark pelitomorphic polymineral material (DPPM) with inclusions of various polytypes of potassic hydromicas, paragonite, chlorite, dickite, sulfides, carbonates, and albite. The DPPM is confined to fluid-fracture cracks in Lower Carboniferous quartz sandstones at a depth of 3800‐5800 m or more [1]. The carbonaceous material consists of a mixture of anthraxolite with higher and lower kerites, although its physical properties (friability and viscosity) are more typical of asphaltites. The XSA, IR spectroscopy, and SEM data testify to the great mineralogical diversity of the DPPM complicated by the significant contribution of amorphous and semiamorphous phases [2]. Samples with a minimal (as far as possible) content of the admixture were chosen under binocular microscope for the investigation. In contrast to the Dneprov carbonaceous material, the anthraxolite‐kerite bitumens, which are dispersed in granites, the weathering crust of the basement, and Vendian sandstones and carbonates of the Nepa‐ Botuoba anteclise, are characterized by a rounded shape (due to high U and Th concentrations), conchoidal lustrous fracture, and the virtual absence of hydrothermal mineralization. Application of the track radiography method made it possible to reveal the uniform distribution of U in the carbonaceous material and the absence of secondary epigenetic enrichment. The spatial conjugation of heavy metals (Th and LREE), carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur in bitumens of the Siberian Platform (based on the characteristic X-ray radiation data) indicated that all elements mentioned above were accumulated simultaneously from a single source [3]. Logarithmic series of concentrations of even and odd elements in bitumens of the Dneprov graben (table, Fig. 1) demonstrate the following important points: (i) the distribution of even elements (except Sr, Zr, and Mo) is sufficiently consistent, while the distribution of odd elements (except Sc, V, REE, Re, Au, and Tl) is extremely inconsistent; (ii) concentrations of Cr, Ni, Zr, Mo, Cd, Pb, Th, V, Mn, Co, Cu, REE, Re, Au, Tl, and Bi are similar or higher than the clarke value for the upper continental crust [4]. The results indicate that the bitumens related to the rapid polycondensation of matter in the course of fluid system percolation in sedimentary complexes of the rift zone are characterized by an