Vehicle-mounted System Research Articles

Intelligent extraction of road cracks based on vehicle laser point cloud and panoramic sequence images

In light of the limited efficacy of conventional methods for identifying pavement cracks and the absence of comprehensive depth and location data in two-dimensional photographs, this study presents an intelligent strategy for extracting road cracks. This methodology involves the integration of laser point cloud data obtained from a vehicle-mounted system and a panoramic sequence of images. The study employs a vehicle-mounted LiDAR measurement system to acquire laser point cloud and panoramic sequence image data simultaneously. A convolutional neural network is utilized to extract cracks from the panoramic sequence image. The extracted sequence image is then aligned with the laser point cloud, enabling the assignment of RGB information to the vehicle-mounted three dimensional (3D) point cloud and location information to the two dimensional (2D) panoramic image. Additionally, a threshold value is set based on the crack elevation change to extract the aligned roadway point cloud. The three-dimensional data pertaining to the cracks can be acquired. The experimental findings demonstrate that the use of convolutional neural networks has yielded noteworthy outcomes in the extraction of road cracks. The utilization of point cloud and image alignment techniques enables the extraction of precise location data pertaining to road cracks. This approach exhibits superior accuracy when compared to conventional methods. Moreover, it facilitates rapid and accurate identification and localization of road cracks, thereby playing a crucial role in ensuring road maintenance and traffic safety. Consequently, this technique finds extensive application in the domains of intelligent transportation and urbanization development. The technology exhibits significant promise for use in the domains of intelligent transportation and city development.

Detection of CO2 and CH4 Concentrations on a Beijing Urban Road Using Vehicle-Mounted Tunable Diode Laser Absorption Spectroscopy

The analysis of greenhouse gas emission characteristics on urban roads is of great significance for understanding the sources and sinks of urban greenhouse gases and their changing patterns. Based on tunable diode laser derivative absorption spectroscopy technology, which features high resolution, high sensitivity, and fast response, a vehicle-mounted system capable of simultaneously detecting CO2 and CH4 has been developed. The system has a response time of 0.38 s, with detection sensitivities of 5 ppb for CH4 and 0.2 ppm for CO2, power consumption of approximately 4.8 W, a weight of less than 3 kg, and dimensions of 255 mm × 275 mm × 85 mm. Using this system, monitoring campaigns were conducted on the same road in Beijing, running north–south, during different time periods in April and June 2023. The results show that there is little correlation between changes in CO2 and CH4 concentrations on the road, and these gas concentrations exhibit different influencing factors and spatiotemporal characteristics. The CO2 concentration on the road is primarily related to the degree of traffic congestion and does not exhibit significant seasonal variations. The average CO2 concentration measured on the road is much higher than the global average CO2 concentration during the same period. On the other hand, the CH4 concentration on the road is not strongly correlated with traffic congestion but is closely related to the leakage of methane from specific emission wells or covers. The CH4 concentration is higher in the morning, gradually decreases as the sun rises, and then increases again after sunset. The CH4 concentration measured at night in June is significantly lower than that in April, reflecting some seasonal variation. The CH4 concentration on the Beijing urban road is slightly higher than the global average CH4 concentration during the same period. The vehicle-mounted experiments verified the feasibility of using this self-developed system for vehicle-mounted detection of greenhouse gas concentrations on urban roads. The research results can provide data for analyzing the spatial pattern of regional carbon sources and sinks.

Detecting owner-member relationship in fisheye camera system with graph convolution network

• Fading of a script alone does not foster domain-general strategy knowledge. • Performance of the strategy declines during the fading of a script. • Monitoring by a peer keeps performance of the strategy up during script fading. • Performance of a strategy after fading fosters domain-general strategy knowledge. • Fading and monitoring by a peer combined foster domain-general strategy knowledge. The owner-member relationship between wheels and vehicles contributes significantly to the 3D perception of vehicles, especially in embedded environments. However, two major challenges must be addressed to leverage the relationship: i) Standard IoU-based heuristics have difficulty dealing with instances of occluded traffic congestion. ii) It is challenging to demonstrate the solution’s efficacy and applicability in a vehicle-mounted system. To address these issues, we propose a novel technique for relationship prediction called DeepWORD which is based on the architecture of a graph convolutional network (GCN). Specifically, we employ feature maps with local correlation as input to the nodes to improve the information richness . Subsequently, we present a graph attention network (GAT) to rectify the priori estimate bias dynamically. Furthermore, we created a large-scale benchmark dataset called WORD that includes annotated owner-member relationships. Sufficient experiments demonstrate that the proposed method is capable of providing state-of-the-art performance and effects in real-time. The WORD dataset is publicly available at https://github.com/NamespaceMain/ownermember-relationship-dataset .

Research on rapid surveying and mapping of outfield absolute gravity based on vehicle-mounted atomic gravimeter

The information about Earth’s gravity field is an important basic information necessarily for geodesy, geophysics, geodynamics and other disciplines. The mapping of gravity field is an effective mean to obtain the gravity field information. Compared with the surveying of gravity field based on satellite, ship, and airplane, vehicle-mounted gravity mapping has advantages of strong flexibility, high spatial resolution and high accuracy. A short baseline or a small-scale gravity field mapping can be realized based on the combination of relative gravimeters and the high-precision absolute gravity reference point. However, this method is not suitable for the situation of a long baseline or a large-scale gravity field surveying due to the drift of relative gravimeter. In this work, a vehicle-mounted system for rapid surveying of the absolute gravity field is built up based on a miniaturized atomic gravimeter. The inner precision of the instrument is evaluated to be 0.123 mGal, and the outer precision is 0.112 mGal in a field test which contains 12 points for 3 km distance. Furthermore, with this system, the absolute gravity data are obatined within 2 min for adjusting and 5 min for measuring in downtown for each measured point. A rapid surveying of absolute gravity field for 19 points is carried out and the route covers 24 km. The inner precision of the instrument is evaluated to be 0.162 mGal, and the outer precision is 0.169 mGal. Finally, the free-air gravity anomalies obtained from the measured data of atomic gravimeter and the fitting results of satellite gravity model are analyzed, and it is found that the trends of changing are basically consistent with each other. This paper provides a new proposal for the rapid surveying of the absolute gravity field.

Exploring user cognition difference and pleasure balance guidance method for product perceptible features in vehicle-mounted system

Exploring user cognition difference and pleasure balance guidance method for product perceptible features in vehicle-mounted system

Vehicle-Mounted Photovoltaic System Energy Management in Intelligent Transportation Systems: A Maximum Power Point Tracking Control

Electric vehicles have become the main contributor in terms of reducing fuel consumption and CO2 emission. Although the government is vigorously promoting the use of electric vehicles worldwide, the range anxiety still impedes the rapid development of electric vehicles, especially when air-conditioning also adds battery power consumption and aggravates the range anxiety. To this end, this paper proposes an improved vehicle-mounted photovoltaic system energy management in intelligent transportation systems, which is a maximum power point tracking control system. Meanwhile, since the power of solar panels is usually relatively small and the power changes at any time, low power density and poor controllability are difficult to avoid. In order to solve this problem, this paper offers a tracking control method to improve the output efficiency of solar panels. For improving photovoltaic conversion efficiency and maximizing output power, traditional photovoltaic power panels are often dominated by a centralized maximum power point tracing control, which is named MPPT. Although the cost under this case is lower, the output power of all photovoltaic panels cannot be maximized under the condition of uneven illumination or local mismatch. To improve the situation, a micro-scale inverter is proposed to provide MPPT control of photovoltaic modules, which can effectively improve the output power of each photovoltaic panel. Moreover, our MPPT algorithm is applicable to cloud shadow, building shadow, and shade, and it is more suitable for the car roof. Firstly, the Diode 5-parameter model is used to deduce the I-U equation of the photovoltaic module considering shadow shading, and then the real-time 5 parameter equation is formed by using the measured data group and selected. The reasonable initial value is used to iteratively solve the real-time value of 5 parameters, which is further to judge the masking situation. The maximum power point (MPP) is solved directly by the mathematical method based on the mathematical model of I-U relation mathematics, and the DC-DC circuit is used to adjust the running point to MPP. Unlike the traditional MPPT method, the method in this paper is based on the physical model of solar cells, and MPP tracking is based on mathematical methods. Based on this, it does not need to cause multiple interference to the circuit, and the tracking efficiency is high. Finally, the relative experimental results are provided to verify the performance of the proposed method.

Verification of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height Calculated from the Numerical Model Using a Vehicle-Mounted Lidar System

Verification of the Planetary Boundary Layer Height Calculated from the Numerical Model Using a Vehicle-Mounted Lidar System

Study on Senile Driver Situational Awareness Model

Along with the progress of the medical and living standards, the proportion of older people is rising, and at the same time in a wave of reform of Internet technology, on-board information technology changes with each passing day, in a variety of elderly drivers perceive situations, from the equipment situation, environmental situation, vehicle-mounted scenario system situation, combined with the on-board task main driving, information and communication, interaction and so on in interactive entertainment situation perception model.

The design of a vehicle-mounted test system for the thermal performance of solar collector

To increase the test efficiency of thermal performance of solar collector, a vehicle- mounted test system with high automation, simple operation, good mobility and stability is proposed in this paper. By refitting a medium bus, design of mechanical system and test loop, and using PC control technology, we implemented the vehicle-mounted system and realized effective integration between vehicle and test equipment. A number of tests have been done, and the results show that the vehicle-mounted test system has good parameters and performance and can be widely used to provide door-to-door testing services in the field of solar thermal application.

The application of improved-DAA for the vehicle network node security in single- and multi-trusted domain

Similar to network, vehicle-mounted system has its own vulnerability, which can be used by the attackers. Different from the traditional network security technologies, node security is one of the most important technologies of the vehicle network and it is difficult to achieve because of the mobility and flexibility. In this paper, trusted computing and direct anonymous attestation theories are adopted to establish protocol system of trusted vehicle information authentication, thus the security of authentication process for nodes in vehicle network can be improved. First, we use DAA to achieve the identity authentication for the accessor in single-trusted domain. Second, the improved-DAA will be used to try to promote the security situation in multi-trusted domain. It is illustrated that the efficiency of verification can be increased and the possibility of being attacked can be decreased in single-trusted domain. And the execution efficiency in multi-trusted domain can be improved theoretically.

Design of Vehicle-Mounted Solar Photovoltaic Panels System that Change Orientation with the Light

Along with the lack gradually of fossil energy,people began to pay attention to the using of solar energy that easy to obtain and no pollution. Today,a lot of vehicle-mounted systems have begin to use solar photovoltaic panels.But with the driving of vehicle, photovoltaic panels often can’t face to the sun ,unable to get enough direct sunlight. In order to change the fact,writer designed a new system.In this system, we use ambient light detection module and MCU to locate the sun,then MCU controls two motors to make the photovoltaic panel change its orientation,so vehicle-mounted solar photovoltaic panel can change orientation automatically with the light.

Noncontact techniques for monitoring of tunnel linings

An investigation of tunnel linings is performed at two tunnels in the US using complimentary noncontact techniques: air-coupled ground penetrating radar (GPR), and a vehicle-mounted scanning system (SPACETEC) that combines laser, visual, and infrared thermography scanning methods. This paper shows that a combination of such techniques can maximize inspection coverage in a comprehensive and efficient manner. Since ground-truth is typically not available in public tunnel field evaluations, the noncontact techniques used are compared with two reliable in-depth contact nondestructive testing methods: ground-coupled GPR and ultrasonic tomography. The noncontact techniques are used to identify and locate the reinforcement mesh, structural steel ribs, internal layer interfaces, shallow delamination, and tile debonding. It is shown that this combination of methods can be used synergistically to provide tunnel owners with a comprehensive and efficient approach for monitoring tunnel lining conditions.

Inversion of Sweep Frequency Backscatter Ionogram From Monostatic HF Sky-Wave Radar

The Wuhan Ionospheric Oblique Backscattering Sounding System (WIOBSS) is a monostatic high-frequency sky-wave radar used for ionospheric remote sensing. The sweep frequency backscatter ionogram (SFBI) recorded by the WIOBSS contains both backscatter echo scattered by distant terrestrial surface and vertical incidence (VI) echo reflected by local ionosphere over the sounding station. The approach for SFBI inversion introduced in this letter requires input of leading edge and peak height derived from local VI echo. The final output of this SFBI inversion approach is the 2-D electron density distribution in a vertical plane aligned in the direction of sounding. In addition, the time and geographic variation of foF2 can be obtained from a series of SFBI inversion results. Two experiments have been utilized to validate the SFBI inversion approach, and the SFBI inversion results are found to be very close to the ionosonde data. The fast-converged feature of the approach makes it possible for applications in real time. The success of the SFBI inversion approach enables us to use the WIOBSS as a vehicle-mounted system to obtain ionosphere electron density profile over a large geographic area.

Research on Main Performance of the Vehicle-Mounted Generator System under Variable Speed Condition

Vehicle-mounted shaft generator system with constant frequency and voltage under variable speed condition can adapt to a large speed range of working condition while the vehicle is moving. Its key technologies are a process of rectification-inversion and a composite staggered parallel DC converter. Test research shows that electrical performance of the shaft generator system meets the first kind electric power plant requirements according to GJB 5785-2006 of China, which indicates that the shaft generator system can provide uninterrupted high quality electric power to current general on-board electrical equipment on vehicles under all speed conditions.

An Improved Lane Detection and Tracking Method for Lane Departure Warning Systems

Lane detection and tracking are very crucial treatments in lane departure warning systems as they help the vehicle-mounted system to keep its lane. In this context, the authors’ work aims to develop vision-based lane detection and tracking method to detect and track lane limits in highways and main roads. The authors’ contribution focuses on the detection step. By exploiting the fact that, in an image, the road can be formed by linear and curvilinear portions, the authors propose two types of appropriate treatments to detect the lane limits. The authors’ method offers high precision rates independently of the painted lane marking’s characteristics, of the time of acquisition and in different weather conditions. Besides the challenges it overcomes, the authors’ method has the advantage of operating with a timing complexity that is reasonable for real-time applications. As shown experimentally, compared to three leading methods from the literature, the authors’ method has a higher efficiency.

Glare, Luminance, and Illuminance Measurements of Road Lighting Using Vehicle Mounted CCD Cameras

The assessment of well-designed road-lighting systems is necessary since their performance can be critically reduced by incorrect installation. During the operational life of a system, it is also necessary to assess the effects of deterioration in the luminaire fittings, changes in road surface or surroundings and changing user needs. An automated vehicle-mounted system constitutes the most practical technical solution to carry out this task. Previous research produced image acquisition and analysis systems for measuring luminance and uniformity levels of road lighting (Glenn 2000). This paper builds on this work and describes the methods employed to assess the combined parameters of luminance, illuminance and glare.A description of the system components is given, including the CCD digital video cameras, which are mounted on the test vehicle. The cameras are pre-calibrated to estimate relationships between gray value of light images and lighting parameters (luminance and illuminance). Appropriate infra-red and neutral density filters are employed to control the wavelength and limit the light entering into the cameras.Differential GPS, 3D orientation sensors, and image flow analysis, are employed to accurately estimate the position of the vehicle. Automated image analysis methods are further developed to speed up the position and image analysis process.Multidirectional measurements of light output are achieved using multiple journeys and multiple cameras on the same road-segment, which provide data on different observation lines. Interpolation techniques are employed to estimate the complete profile and produce isolux contours. Results produced so far indicate that lighting parameters can be measured accurately, provided that accurate 3D information of luminaires and road layout is available. Further work is reducing the dependency of the system on this a-priori data and using only readily available utility data.

Survival of Reintroduced Ruffed Grouse in North Missouri

We studied survival of a reintroduced ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) population in north Missouri from 16 September 1986 to 30 April 1987. Estimates of survival were derived from 77 radio-marked grouse with the Kaplan-Meier product-limit method. Survival from release to spring was 0.245 ? 0.05 (SE) and was not constant. Most losses occurred from release through fall. Adult male survival differed from that of immature males and immature females. No other differences were evident among age and sex classes. Grouse whose movements exceeded the mean daily movement had higher mortality rates than more sedentary birds. Survival of grouse into the breeding season may limit the success of reintroductions. J. WILDL. MANAGE. 52(2):248-252 Ruffed grouse were extirpated from major portions of their southern range during the late 1800's and early 1900's because of exploitative land use practices (Bump et al. 1947, Lewis 1970). Unregulated sport and market hunting also contributed to the decline (Hunyadi 1984). Since the 1950's many states have initiated ruffed grouse restoration programs with varied success (Lewis et al. 1968, White and Dimmick 1978, Backs 1984, Woolf et al. 1984). Estimates of grouse survival from release until the subsequent breeding season are useful to evaluate restoration programs. However, data are not available concerning the effect of condition or movements on the survival of reintroduced ruffed grouse. Objectives of our study were to determine survival of reintroduced ruffed grouse in north Missouri during September 1986-April 1987 and to examine the effect of condition and movement on grouse survival. We thank J. A. Balkenbush and V. L. Kimmel-Truitt for assisting in field work. The staff of the Missouri Department of Conservation, Kirksville, provided essential assistance. G. S. Olson and S. L. Sheriff assisted with data analyses and study design. This study was supported, in part, with the Federal Aid in Wildlife Restoration Act funds, under Pittman-Robertson Project W-13-R. R. M. Scheidt typed drafts of the manuscript. L. D. Vangilder, E. K. Fritzell, J. B. Lewis, D. T. Zekor, and F. R. Thompson reviewed the manuscript. STUDY AREA AND METHODS From 16 September to 7 October 1986, 77 ruffed grouse (42 ad, 35 immature) were released on Sugar Creek State Forest (SCSF) in Adair County, Missouri. Wild-trapped grouse were obtained from the Indiana Department of Natural Resources through a cooperative agreement with the Missouri Department of Conservation. The 1,056-ha SCSF, located in northcentral Missouri, is >90% forested. Most stands are composed of small sawlog and pole-sized oak (Quercus spp.) and hickory (Carya spp.). Since 1980, 7 stands totaling 72 ha were clearcut on SCSF and 128 ha received intermediate thinnings. Private lands surrounding the study area are a mosaic of forest, pasture, and cropland. Vegetative conditions of SCSF met the criteria for ruffed grouse release sites in Missouri (Hunyadi 1984, Kurzejeski et al. 1987a): a minimum size of 404 ha, predominantly forested, >10% in early forest succession, and an active timber management program. Grouse were released in a 6-year-old clearcut (9.8 ha) centrally located within the eastern unit of SCSF. Age (Davis 1969), sex (Roussel and Ouellet 1975), and weight of grouse were determined at release. Weight loss between time of capture and release was recorded and used as an indication of condition. Each bird was fitted with a mortality-sensitive, poncho-mounted transmitter (Advanced Telem. Systems, Inc., Isanti, Minn.). The 16-18-g transmitters had an expected life of 200 days and were assumed not to affect movements or survival of grouse (Small and Rusch 1985). We attempted to relocate grouse daily from date of release through 30 April 1987 with vehicle-mounted antennae and portable receivers. When necessary, fixed-wing aircraft were used to relocate grouse. Triangulation error with the vehicle-mounted antenna system was estimated at ?1.440 (n = 448) (Springer 1979). We estimated time of death within 24 hours of receiv-