Vegetable Materials Research Articles

Discrimination Among New Vegetative Materials of Passiflora edulis Sims. From Canary Islands by Their Volatile Profile

ABSTRACTThis study shows the successful discrimination among different passion fruit samples cultivated in the Canary Islands, specifically purple, yellow, and a new cultivar labelled as purple selection (obtained to ensure disease resistance, yield, and adequate taste of the cultivated materials), based on their distinctive volatile profile. The headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method (using under optimum conditions the commercial CAR/PDMS fibre at 62°C for 60 min and 15% (w/w) NaCl with 10 mL of juices of passion fruit samples) was applied to estimate the volatile profile of up to eighteen passion juice fruit samples, coupling the technique to gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The method permitted the identification of up to 135 volatile compounds such as esters, terpenes and alcohols, among others. The qualitative study indicated that the most abundant compounds in yellow and purple passion fruit are the same (hexyl hexanoate (21%–14%), hexyl butanoate (19%–11%) and ethyl hexanoate (11%–6%)), while the most abundant compounds for this new vegetative material are ethyl octanoate (with almost 53%), hexyl hexanoate and ethyl 3‐hexanoate. Advanced statistical techniques, such as linear discrimination analysis (LDA), were used to explore each data sample, with samples analysed by HS‐SPME‐GC–MS in quadruplicate. 106 peaks were coincident in all chromatograms of the samples, but only 13 variables (compounds) were sufficient to discriminate the new vegetative species. Besides, the HS‐SPME‐GC–MS method proved to be efficient and sustainable, with application of modern metrics of greenness, particularly when compared with other techniques commonly applied for this type of analysis.

Selection of strawberry genotypes resistant to the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) using micropropagated plants

The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranichus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is the main strawberry pest in the states of Michoacán and Guanajuato, Mexico. Its management depends mainly on the application of synthetic acaricides, where farmers in Guanajuato make at least 10 applications of acaricide products per season. With the objectives of identifying strawberry genotypes resistant to the mite and testing an infestation technique in micropropagated plants, 48 clones were evaluated, which included foreign varieties and advanced strawberry selections from the INIFAP Product System Genetic Improvement Program. Based on an arbitrary scale from 0 to 10, where 0 was no spiders and 10 a high population, the 48 clones were classified into the following five categories. Extremely resistant: 'Florida Belle', 'Sequoia' 'Fairfax', 98,32, 08,492, F. vesca clone Guanajuato and UC-4; Resistant: 'Capitola', 'Dabreak', 'Solana', '92,1E6', '07,168', '10,37', '99,849', '07,4' and '99,139'; Tolerant: 'San Andreas', 'Tioga', 'Festival', 'Cometa', C-15,3', '07,35', '06,76', '00,142', '10,14', '10,25', '99,185', '07,207 ', '10,40' and '07,90'; Susceptible: 'Aromas', 'Albritton', 'Camarosa', 'Buenavista', 'Dover', '08,268', '99,24', '08,453', '02,81', '08,279' and '07,198'; Extremely susceptible: 'Douglas', 'Andana', 'Seascape', '02,11', '01,150', '01,70' and '10,16'. The infestation of micropropagated plants had several advantages: avoiding the use of mite-infested vegetative material in strawberry mite susceptibility studies, allowing good colonization with induced infestation, and facilitating evaluation of a large group of genotypes in a small space over a period of time. short period of time.

Evaluation of the pharmacognostic parameters, qualitative phytochemical profile and investigation of the toxicity of Sacoglottis ceratocarpa Ducke containing Bergenin, a gallic acid derivative

Trunk barks of Sacoglottis ceratocarpaDucke (ScTB) are used in Amazonian folk medicine against hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia, although scientific information on efficacy and quality control is lacking. Thus, pharmacognostic parameters, qualitative phytochemical profile, antioxidant properties (DPPH, TEAC and FRAP), toxicity and cytotoxicity were evaluated. The purity tests in the quality control performed for the vegetable raw material showed compliance with the specifications in official compendiums. Tannins, catechins, terpenes and steroids were characterized. Bergenin, a gallic acid derivative, was isolated and identified. The ScTB was rich in total phenolic (0.420-0.562 g/g) and flavonoid (11.37-24.31 mg/g) content, and considerable antioxidant potential. ScTB did not demonstrate cytotoxicity for human erythrocytes and renal fibroblasts, nortoxicity for brine shrimp. The results demonstrated the importance of the pharmacognostic study for the immediate knowledge of the quality and qualitative chemical profile of the trunk barks, contributing to the safe and effective use of the species.

Heat and Mass Transfer in a Vibrofluidized Bed of Vegetable Materials with Radiative-Convective Power Input

Heat and Mass Transfer in a Vibrofluidized Bed of Vegetable Materials with Radiative-Convective Power Input

Bioactive compounds (LC-PDA-Qtof-ESI-MS and UPLC-PDA-FL) and in vitro inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase in leaves and fruit from different varieties of Ficus carica L.

The aim of the study was to analyze the potential health-promoting and nutritional components of leaves and figs from several Spanish varieties of Ficus carica L. The study focused to identify (by LC-PDA-QTof/MS) and quantify (by UPLC-PDA-FL) various components including carotenoids, chlorophylls, tocols, amino acids, phenolic acids, flavonols, anthocyanins. Besides, the sugar profile, the antioxidant capacity (ORAC, FRAP and ABTS) and the in vitro hypoglycaemic potential via inhibition of α-amylase and α-glucosidase were evaluated. The leaves were found to have significant antioxidant properties. This is attributed to their high content of carotenoids (3170.77-6763.77 mg/ 100 g dm), chlorophylls (405.58–744.23 mg/ 100 g dm), tocols (59.35–115.61 mg/ 100 g dm), and polyphenols (1150.34 mg/100 g dm). Additionally, figs presented greater sources of amino acids (725.07 mg/100 g dm) and exhibited higher anti-diabetic activity than leaves. Figs of “Cuello Dama Negra” variety presented the highest content of anthocyanins (108.22 mg/100 g dm). The study suggests that incorporating these vegetal materials into another food matrix could have potential health benefits, especially in terms of antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects.

Influence of the Conditions of Alkaline Pretreatment of Vegetable Raw Material before Hydrolysis in a Rotor Pulsation Device on the Cellulose Conversion

Introduction. The growing global energy demand, limited fossil fuel resources, and increasing greenhouse gasemissions highlight the need for expanded use of renewable energy sources, particularly biomass.Problem Statement. A significant drawback in the production of bioethanol is its high cost, primarily due tothe presence of hemicellulose and lignin.Purpose. This study aims to determine the effect of treating an alkaline suspension of wheat straw in a rotary pulsation device on the degree of cellulose conversion during enzymatic hydrolysis, a critical step in the productionof fuel ethanol.Materials and Methods. The raw material is pre-crushed wheat straw. The experiments have been conductedwith the use of a rotary pulsation device in an experimental plant.Results. It has been found that the combined physical effects of the discrete pulse energy input method andreduced straw particle size significantly increase the lignin extraction, from 40.0% at an average particle size of2—1 mm to 62.0% at an average particle size of 0.4—0.1 mm. Additionally, the treatment of an alkaline suspension of wheat straw at 90 оC for one hour, at alkali concentrations ranging from 1 to 4% (wt./wt.), results in anincrease in the cellulose conversion during enzymatic hydrolysis from 38% to 65.8%. Additionally, a corresponding decrease in the lignin content, from 17.1% to 3.16% has been reported.Conclusions. Increasing alkali concentration during the alkaline pretreatment of wheat straw using the discrete-pulse energy input method in a rotary pulsation device enhances the rate of cellulose conversion duringsubsequent enzymatic hydrolysis.

Choice of an environmentally friendly method of producing cellulose from flax biomass (<i>Linum usitatissimum linaceae</i>) grown in different regions of the Volga region

The experimental assessment of prospects of receiving cellulose material on the basis of use of vegetable raw materials – straw of a flax-dolgunetc is carried out. Results of researches showed a possibility of application for extraction of cellulose of the water solutions containing hydrogen peroxide, hydroxide and sodium bisulfite in the conditions of high-temperature influence within 2 hours with receiving the technical cellulose suitable for production of cardboard and packaging materials. For purification of technical cellulose, it was carried out additional processing by solution of hydrogen peroxide and acetic acid in similar parametrical conditions that allowed to receive a target product with high extent of maintenance of the main substance, at insignificant amount of the accompanying impurity. The presented results show a possibility of the solution of questions of environmental safety at the organization of process of receiving cellulose on the basis of renewable vegetable raw materials with use of the chemical reagents which are not containing compounds of sulfur.

USE OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS TO OBTAIN MINI TUBERS OF Dioscorea remotiflora Kunth IN MICROPROPAGATED PLANTS

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Camote de cerro (<em>Dioscorea remotiflora</em> Kunth) stands out as a crop option in protected agriculture in Mexico due to its agronomic benefits and its versatility in the food and pharmaceutical industries. Despite its potential, it is not commercially cultivated in the country motivating the need to develop an efficient propagation method from vegetative planting material. Previous research suggests that the use of growth retardants stimulates root growth and carbohydrates accumulation in tubers, while applying gibberellic acid (GA<sub>3</sub>) is strongly related with greater tuber production. <strong>Objective: </strong>To evaluate the effect of different growth regulators to obtain <em>D. remotiflora</em> mini tubers.<strong> Methodology: </strong>Two experiments to obtain mini tubers were carried out. The first one evaluated mediums of culture <em>in vitro</em>: MS and MS + 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> paclobutrazol (PBZ). In the second, effects of foliar application of GA<sub>3</sub>, PBZ and trinexapac ethyl (TNE) were evaluated. Both experiments were carried out in two accesions of <em>D. remotiflora</em> plants propagated <em>in vitro</em> and adapted to greenhouse conditions. <strong>Results:</strong> An increase in mini tubers yield and in their weight was observed when seedlings were propagated in MS + 0.5 mg L<sup>-1</sup> PBZ and GA<sub>3</sub> was applied to foliage. <strong>Implications:</strong> The use of growth retardants showed efficiency in developing mini tubers; nevertheless, more research focusing on concentrations and combinations of these substances is needed to improve the protocol to obtain planting material. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The observed effect of growth retardants and gibberellic acid application in <em>Dioscorea remotiflora</em> plants suggests a favorable influence in the development of mini tubers. In the long term, this phenomenon could contribute significantly to promoting viability of its commercial cultivation and rehabilitation of previously exploited areas.</p>

Determination of the possibility of using a functional apparatus for the production of multi-component semi-finished products with a high degree of readiness

The object of research is a functional apparatus for the production of paste-like and powdered vegetable semi-finished products. The problem of combined heat and mass exchange treatment of vegetable raw materials are solved by using a functional apparatus for concentration and drying for processing and production complexes, farm lands. The expected effect during the approbation of the device is predicted under the condition of a functional approach combining the processes of concentration and drying with precise control of the temperature regime due to the use of a film-like resistive electronic heater of the radiating type. In the study, the approbation of a functional device for the production of multi-component vegetable semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness, with concentration and drying in the field of infrared heating at a temperature of 50 °C, was performed. Real-time temperature measurement was carried out by an automatic unit based on TRM, which ensured the accuracy of control at each stage. The temperature of the mashed mass during processing increased from 20.3 °С to 23.2 °С, reaching optimal conditions for forming a film with a thickness of 0.5 mm. In the rotary reboiler, the temperature in height varied from 25.7 °C to 50.1 °C, which contributed to the preservation of the properties of thermolabile raw materials. In the lower part of the apparatus, the temperature of the finished product was 49.8 °C, maintaining the necessary temperature regime for drying. The device creates a convective air flow (0.01 m/s) with the help of Peltier elements, which stabilizes the heat exchange at a temperature of 51.3 °C on the technical partition. The practical use of the functional apparatus will allow its use at processing and production complexes and directly at the places of collection of plant raw materials for resource-efficient production of semi-finished products with a high degree of readiness. These semi-finished products can act as independent functional products for people in extreme conditions or as recipe ingredients for the recipes of various food products.

РАЗРАБОТКА МЯГКОЙ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ ФОРМЫ НА ОСНОВЕ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ ОЛЕНЬЕГО МХА (CLADONIA RANGIFERINA), ОБЛАДАЮЩЕГО АНТИСЕПТИЧЕСКИМ ДЕЙСТВИЕМ

Relevance. Contemporary realities dictate the need to search for and create new medicines, including extracts obtained from plant raw materials. The use of medicinal plants often turns out to be more favorable in terms of economic and therapeutic effectiveness, sometimes very profitable. This is especially true with regard to drugs against infectious pathogens, since many of them have developed resistance to antibiotics. Lichens are known to contain substances with antibacterial properties. Among the extracted components from lichens, usnic acid is considered one of the most promising. Work is underway to include it in the composition of dosage forms for treatment. The development of drugs for external use that contain usnic acid is considered the most studied and preferred. The aim Design of a soft medicinal form (gel) based on vegetable raw materials of Deer moss (Cladonia rangiferina), which has an antiseptic effect. Materials and methods. The materials for the creation of an antiseptic gel were: usnic acid extract isolated from Deer moss (Cladonia rangiferina); substances that form the basis of gel dosage forms (carbopol, polyethylene glycol). 3 experimental series of gel containing usnic acid have been produced. Their organoleptic and physico-chemical properties have been studied. The results of the study. Based on the results of a series of experiments, the best composition for the preparation and production of a gel containing usnic acid was determined. It includes the following component ratios: extract of usninic acid from alcohol berry 1:10 (20 ml); carbopol (0.8 g); polyethylene glycol-6000 (0.1 g). The conclusion the optimal composition of an antiseptic gel containing usnic acid has been determined. A recipe has been compiled for the manufacture of gel based on vegetable raw materials of Deer moss.

СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЕ СПОСОБА ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ УСНИНОВОЙ КИСЛОТЫ ИЗ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОГО СЫРЬЯ ИСЛАНДСКОГО МХА

Relevance. Contemporary pharmaceutical industry requires constant search and development of new technologies for the production of pharmacological products. At the same time, the processing of plants, which contain substances with a therapeutic effect, is a promising direction. Their use in terms of economic and therapeutic effectiveness is sometimes very beneficial. It has been proven that lichen plants contain substances that have a therapeutic effect. Organisms of the genus Cladonia, which synthesize usnic acid, among them have a special significance and application. The extraction of usnic acid from lichen biomass is carried out using various organic solvents. At the same time, it is preferable to use techniques with the lowest cost with a high quantitative yield of extractives. In addition, extracts containing bioactive substances should exhibit significant biological activity. The aim is improving the technology of extraction of usnic acid from the vegetable raw materials of Cladonia rangiferina Hoff by determining the optimal components for its extraction. Materials and methods. The material for the study is raw material of Yagel (Deer Moss)/Cladonia rangiferina Hoff. The extractive properties of the most commonly used solvents (purified water, ethyl alcohol 40, 70 and 95%) were studied, among which the most effective was identified. The content of extractive substances was determined by the gravimetric analysis method. The results of the study. According to the results of a series of experiments to study extractive capabilities, of all solvents, the maximum extractive ability of extractive substances from Cladonia rangiferina Hoff was noted for 95% ethyl alcohol (7.38%). Ethyl alcohol 70% was produced with a high extraction capacity, however, it turned out to be less effective. The conclusion was made about these methods can be used to detect biologically active substances obtained from the raw materials of Cladonia rangiferina Hoff. The obtained developments create prerequisites for the development of regulatory documentation on the procedure and position of the relevant standard or a temporary pharmacopoeia article.

Implementation of Identification of Critical Points for the Halalness of Vegetable Materials and Their Derivative Products from an Islamic Economic Perspective

The aim of this research is to determine the implementation of identifying critical points for halal vegetable materials and their derivative products and the implementation of identifying critical points for halal vegetable materials and their derivative products from an Islamic economic perspective. This research uses a literature review of various main references in halal certification criteria and knowledge about ingredients and processing processes for products originating from plants (plant based products). It is concluded that vegetable ingredients in the sharia specifically mention that nothing is haram, so vegetable ingredients (vegetables) are basically halal. However, if the product is processed using additional ingredients or processing aids that are not halal, then the product status can change to non-halal. Identification of critical points for vegetable ingredients can be analyzed using a decision tree to identify critical points for halal vegetable ingredients.

Study of the extraction kinetics of flavonoids from the fruits of Sophora japonica L. with sunflower oil

Among the large number of biologically active substances contained in the fruits of Sophora japonica L., the extraction of flavonoids, substances of medium polarity, is particularly important. The process of extracting them with vegetable oil from fruits is quite complicated. The object of research is the kinetics of the process of extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica L. fruits with sunflower oil. The influence of temperature, duration, and hydraulic modulus on the extraction process, as well as on the derivation of the equation of the mathematical model, is studied. Mathematical modeling methods are used in the research. Processing of experimental data for the study of extraction kinetics in the vegetable oil:vegetable raw material system is carried out using the Statistica statistical package. In order to derive the equation of the mathematical model of the process of extracting flavonoids from Sophora japonica L. with sunflower oil, the influence of temperature, duration and hydromodulus on the process of transition of the target component – flavonoids to the extract – is investigated. A mathematical model of the dependence of flavonoids on the hydromodulus (H=10–25), temperature (t=25–45 °С) and the duration of the extraction process of Sophora japonica L. (τ=2–10 h) is obtained, which makes it possible to calculate the content of flavonoids with an average relative with an error within 5 %. On the basis of the conducted experimental studies, basic technological schemes for obtaining unrefined sunflower oil of increased biological value are developed, which includes the following stages: preparation of raw materials, treatment of prepared raw materials with sunflower oil during dilution and mixing, separation of oil from raw materials by filtering. The proposed technology is promising, as its implementation is possible not only in food industry enterprises, but also in restaurant establishments, as it does not require expensive equipment, additional production premises and special training of personnel. The mathematical models of the extraction process of Sophora japonica L. with unrefined sunflower oil proposed in the work allow to select the extraction parameters with a high degree of probability and offer the consumer flavonoid-enriched sunflower oil of increased biological value.

Возможности метода биохемилюминисценции с модельной средой из сыворотки крови в оценке антиоксидантной активности растительного сырья

Antioxidant activity (AOA) is an important indicator of the evaluation of plant raw materials (RM), which are widely used in medicine to obtain various medicines. The use of RM at the present stage of the pharmaceutical industry development allows avoiding large-scale production of synthetic medicines, accompanied by a negative impact on the environment. For an objective assessment of AOA, it is necessary to apply methods that allow determining not only the content of the active substance, but also generally characterizing the functional activity of RM. The article presents data on the AOA of aqueous extracts from the leaves and fruits of Hippophae rhamnoides L., Aronia melanocarpa L. The determination of antioxidant activity was performed by biochemiluminiscence (BСHL) using serum from white mongrel rats as a model environment (MЕ). The evaluation criteria were the maximum intensity (Imax) and the light sum of the glow (S). The results obtained were compared with the data of the analysis of BCHL without ME, as well as with the data of alternative methods for quantifying the antioxidant potential of RM (coulometric titration, direct titration, spectrophotometry). According to the criteria for assessing the intensity of free radical oxidation (Imax) using the BCHL method without ME, it was found that aqueous extracts from the leaves and fruits of A. melanocarpa, as well as H. rhamnoides leaves, have a high antioxidant potential (343, 274 and 268 mV, respectively), and from H. rhamnoides fruits – more short. BCHL results showed that the amount of radicals in blood serum decreased upon contact with extracts from vegetable raw materials. Among the studied samples, extracts from the fruits of A. melanocarpa were characterized by the highest AOA (S=2006±137 mV·s). At the same time, according to alternative methods, they occupy an intermediate position in terms of the quantitative content of biologically active substances (BAS) with antioxidant properties. Based on the weak correlation between the data of the BСHL method and alternative methods for determining AOA, it is concluded that it is necessary to take into account the possibility of an indirect relationship between the content of BAS in RM and the effect manifested in conditions as close as possible to biological systems. The measurement of AOA by the BСHL method is actually an assessment of the function, as well as the effectiveness of BAS, and complements quantitative methods for assessing the antioxidant activity of ME.

Technology for the production of oatmeal cookies using non-traditional plant raw materials

Modern trend in the food industry is the development of technology for healthy food products with increased nutritional value and enriched with new types of vegetable raw materials. Oatmeal cookies are popular among different groups of people. The purpose of the study is to develop a technology for producing oatmeal cookies by replacing premium wheat flour with spelled flour, and raisins with dried cranberries and Japanese persimmons. The choice of enrichment agents is justified. The recipe for the "Oatmeal New" cookie was taken as a control sample. We replaced premium wheat flour with spelled flour in a ratio of 70 : 30; 50 : 50; 30 : 70; 0 : 100. Persimmon has replaced 30 % of white sugar. The sample with full replacement of wheat flour with spelled flour is recognized as the best. A recipe for "Sweet Morning" oatmeal cookies has been developed. Organoleptic and physicochemical quality indicators of oatmeal cookies have been determined. The antioxidant activity of cookies of the new composition is 0.28 mg of quercetin/100 g of product, which is higher than in the control sample by 0.05 mg of quercetin/100 g of product. The nutritional and energy value of the products has been calculated. Oatmeal cookies "Sweet Morning" exceed the control sample in protein content by 1.2 times, dietary fiber by 2 times, vitamin В1 – 1,2, В5 – 2,3, В9 – 1.24, vitamin C – 5.8, PP – 1.3, K – 6.3, β-carotene – 1.5; minerals K – 1.9, Ca – 1.6, Mg – 1.8, P – 1.8; and microelements: Fe – 1.4, Zn – 2.5, Cu – 2.7, Se – 1.5, Mn – by 2.5 times. The energy value of the new product is 40 kcal (167 kJ) lower compared to the control one. "Sweet Morning" oatmeal cookies is recommended for people focused on maintaining a healthy lifestyle and a balanced diet.

Investigation of the chemical and biological composition of the medicinal plant juzgun leucocladum-for further production of an antibacterial veterinary drug

Juzgun (лат. Calligonum) is a genus of perennial deciduous branching shrubs from the Buckwheat family (лат. Polygonaceae). According to some data, up to 158 plants are included in the genus, but since the genus is poorly studied, the definition of the species included in it is considered inaccurate. Moreover, some scientists claim that it is impossible because of multiple morphological differences that do not have geographical certainty. Tannins, citric and phenolic carboxylic acids, alkaloids, leucoanthocyanidins, flavonoids were found in the chemical composition of plants from the genus Juzgun. Plants from the genus Juzgun can potentially serve as a source of medicinal raw materials. Scientists have found phenolcarbonic acids in them, which have a choleretic effect, acting as a hypotensive agent. Antitumor effect is endowed not only with the leucoanthocyanidins present in the representatives of the genus, but also a number of flavonoids.We have investigated the chemical composition and identification of biologically active compounds in the vegetable raw materials of the Juzgun leucocladum. Physico-chemical studies have been carried out. The elemental composition of raw materials has been determined.The morphology of the raw materials was investigated, and the amino acid composition of the raw materials was also determined. The first samples of a veterinary drug based on Juzgun plant raw materials and phytosorbents for veterinary purposes were obtained and sent for clinical research.

Electrochemical sensors for fast classification of different Cannabis sativa L. samples according to total Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol content

In this work, we investigated the ability of an electrochemical sensor to recognize Cannabis sativa L. samples with different total content of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC), determined by the levels of the psychoactive cannabinoid and of its biosynthetic precursor Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (Δ9-THCA), using a multivariate approach. The voltammetric responses recorded with screen-printed electrodes modified with carbon black reflected the compositional differences from the different samples, in terms of cannabinoids of the vegetal material. PLS-DA models allowed for the correct classification of most C. sativa samples into the classes of legal and illegal samples according to total Δ9-THC content, based on threshold limits defined by the EU/US (0.3 % w/w) and Italian (0.6 % w/w) regulations. Satisfactory results were achieved in both cases, obtaining classification efficiency values in prediction of the external test set equal to 85 % and 100 % for the EU/US and Italian thresholds, respectively. The obtained results suggest the possibility to consider the proposed method as a starting point for the implementation of an automated device for rapid prescreening of total Δ9-THC content directly on site.

INVESTIGATION OF ORGANOLEPTIC PARAMETERS AND MINERAL COMPOSITION OF SEMI-SMOKED SAUSAGE FROM VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS

The article presents the results of a study of the mineral composition and organoleptic evaluation of semi-smoked sausage from vegetable raw materials. Soy and chickpeas were selected as vegetable raw materials. As a result of experiments, it was revealed that the optimal ratio of soy and chickpeas for the production of semi-smoked sausage is 4:1. According to the results of an organoleptic evaluation of semismoked sausage from vegetable raw materials, it was found that the third sample, the ratio of soy isolate and chickpeas of which is 4:1, had a consistency, smell and taste more characteristic of semi-smoked sausage than the rest of the samples being developed.Based on studies of the mineral composition of semi-smoked sausage from vegetable raw materials, it is proved that there are more minerals in the first and second samples than in the third sample. Since soy isolate increases 3-5 times during cooking due to binding to water, soy texturate and chickpea sausage contains more macro- and microelements than soy isolate and chickpea sausage. However, the third sample contains 1.58% and 0.98% more phosphorus compared to samples № 1 and № 2, respectively.Research has proven that the use of soy and chickpeas as the main ingredients, completely replacing meat in semi-smoked sausage, is possible and relevant.

BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF WILD PLANTS MEDICINAL PLANT Salicornia europaea L., NATIVE TO THE ABAI REGION

The article presents the results of a study of the nominal part of the Salicornia europaea L. population growing in the Republic of Abai. An elemental analysis of plant raw materials was carried out, the content of total carbon, organic carbon, nitrogen and sulfur was determined. An alcoholic extract of vegetable raw materials was obtained in the Soxlet apparatus. The extract was filtered and used for chemical analysis. Qualitative reactions revealed the presence of a number of biologically active substances in the extract, such as proteins, terpenes and steroids, tannins, xanthones, phenolic compounds, flavonoids, carboxylic acids and caratinoids. The quantitative determination of flavonoids and catechins in the extract was carried out. The spectrophotometry method showed that the content of flavonoids in the plant extract in terms of quercetin is 0.31±0.03 µg/ml. The content of catechins in the extract was determined by liquid chromatography, which amounted to 34.01±3.40 µg/ml. The FRAP (Iron Reducing Antioxidant Power) method is used an antioxidant strategy. It has been shown that with an increase in the concentration of the extract from 0.01 to 0.05 mg/ml, the antioxidant activity increases. At an extract concentration of 0.05 mg/ml, the antioxidant activity is 3.084 mg AAE/ml of the extract. It is concluded that the plant can serve as a raw material for production of cosmeceutical products.

Sausage meat product enriched by jida

The development strategy aimed at creating the independence of the use of our raw materials by domestic meat producers is currently achieving the following goals: building modern production facilities and introducing new primary and processing technologies; expanding the assortment of meat products. The scientific research works carried out during the development of technology for the production of meat products by replacing a certain amount of beef or chicken with vegetable raw materials are important. Production of meat products based on these raw materials allows effective use of local raw materials, production of functional products and expansion of the range of meat products. The purpose of the study is to consider the features of the production technology of sausage meat product enriched with jida. The article presents the processing of the meat product production technology by enriching its composition with raw materials of vegetable origin - jida powder and the analysis of the mineral content of the finished product. The research work was carried out at the "Food Engineering" department of the M. Auezov South Kazakhstan University and at the "Construction and Biochemical Materials" regional test laboratory of engineering profile. Raster electron microscope (REM) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) methods were used to determine the amount of mineral substances in meat products - sausage. The specialty of this work is the technology of product production using vegetable raw materials to enrich the content of meat products - sausages with minerals. Vegetable raw material - jida powder, by using it in the production of functional meat products, enriches the mineral content of meat products, and also by replacing a small part of meat raw materials, contributes to increasing the yield of the product. Jida powder is a vegetable raw material that is soluble in cold water and rich in dietary fiber, vitamin C, flavonoids and organic acids and does not cause losses in the production of food product. Jida powder production technology consists of: cleaning berries from dust and impuri[1]ties (passing them through a sorting fan); crushing (optimal duration of berry crushing in the IV-1 crusher τ= 52-65 sec, rotation speed of the working body 12000 rpm); drying (dry in the sun for fruits with a high sugar content).