Vector Of Power Research Articles

A Кipchak burial of the Menovnoe VII burial ground in the Upper Irtysh River Basin

In this paper, the materials of one of the burial mounds of the Early Kipchak cemetery of Menovnoe VII dated to the turn of the 1st–2nd mil. AD are introduced into the scientific discourse. It was the time of transition in the steppes of the Upper Irtysh River Basin of the hegemony from the Kimaks to Kipchaks; it is scantily addressed in the scientific literature, although, according to the written sources, it was specifically in the steppes of Eastern Kazakhstan where the Kipchaks started dominating; the vector of power changed, and the genesis of the Kipchak Khanate took place. There was the beginning of the Kipchak migration into the bordering regions of Kazakhstan, Central Asia, steppes of the Volga region, and Northern Circumpontic region, where they became known in his-tory as Polovtsy, according to the Russian chronicles, or Cumans in the Byzantine sources. Materials from the burial mounds of the Menovnoe VII cemetery are indicative of the earliest period of the emergence of the Kipchak traditions, which further developed already outside the region of their formation.

China's New Soft Power Strategy

The article focuses on the Chinese concept and strategy of using soft power to create an attractive image of the country. In the age of fierce competition for global/regional leadership, the concept of soft power has become the mainstream in China's foreign policy and was considered by Chinese politicians and experts as a tool to strengthen the influence through the introduction into the cultural space of other countries, the dissemination of language and cultural codes in order to create a positive image of China. The Western-based concept of soft power in China has been thoroughly analyzed and specified. Supported by a context-based approach, the article shows how, having previously criticized the concept of Joseph Nye, Chinese scientists and experts developed a specifically Chinese theory of soft power of culture (中国文化软实力), which was used in the foreign and domestic policy of the state and served as the basis for the observed changes in the strategy of using soft power. Based on the analysis of Chinese sources, the authors of the article conclude that at the beginning of the XXI century, the buildup of soft power through the creation of a network of Confucius Institutes was presented by China as a policy for mutual gain in the international arena. With the ascendance of Xi Jinping, the soft power of culture as a resource and tool of China's external influence is leaving the frontier of the political agenda. The foreign policy vector of the soft power of culture is redirected inward, and culture, which until recently openly acted as a driver of soft power in foreign policy, moves to the internal track and fits into the concept of "four self-confidences" and "double circulation", focusing on the qualitative component, while maintaining its high foreign policy significance for the Chinese policymakers.

Inciting Military Disaffection in Interwar Britain and Fascist Italy: Security, Crime and Authoritarian Law

Abstract During the interwar period, two apparently different states, liberal democratic Britain and Fascist Italy, passed similar legislation establishing inchoate offences against military loyalty and obedience. These laws, the Incitement to Disaffection Act 1934 and article 266 of the 1930 Italian Penal Code, were intended to protect state security and the monopoly of force against political threats. This article compares these laws’ scope, rationales and purposes, and traces their longer-term origins in the consolidation of the modern state. It argues that this comparative historical analysis evidences important intersections in these systems’ uses of criminal law, and provides insights into the forms and extent of authoritarian tendencies and techniques in states’ legal practices, specifically in the security context and more generally within criminal law as a vector of state power across the political spectrum.

‘Seeing’ the Women, Peace and Security agenda: visual (re)productions of WPS in UK government national action plans

Abstract Examining the visual (re)production of the Women, Peace and Security (WPS) agenda through UK national action plans and annual reports to parliament, this article proposes a new direction for WPS research. The visual politics of WPS, which affects both how the agenda is enacted and how it is encountered, has been largely understudied. To date, WPS scholarship has focused predominantly on linguistic modes of communication, neglecting both the visual aspect of WPS communication and the visual politics of WPS. The article argues that, as a vector of power, visuals matter in the agenda's (re)production, and therefore develops a theoretical and methodological framework to study the visual politics of WPS. In presenting the most comprehensive visual analysis of the WPS agenda to date, this article makes three distinct contributions to the literature. Firstly, it offers a theoretical contribution advancing visuality as a vector of power in the reproduction of WPS. Secondly, it proposes a methodological contribution by developing an analytical framework constructed around a visibility spectrum. Thirdly, it provides an empirical contribution through its focus on the UK as an illustrative case of visual reproduction. The visual analysis reveals four subject-positions placed on a visibility spectrum: the (hypervisible) ‘agential woman-in-conflict’, the (absent presence) of the ‘woman-as-victim’, the (visibility) of the ‘international community’, and the (invisibility) of ‘men and boys’. The analysis demonstrates that rather than challenging global hierarchies of power, these mutually constituted subjects visually reproduce particular gendered, racialized and colonial logics, further stripping the agenda of its transformative potential.

An Alternate Representation of the Vector of Apparent Power and Unbalanced Power in Three-Phase Electrical Systems

Low-voltage distribution systems are typically unbalanced. These inefficiencies cause unbalanced powers that can significantly increase the apparent power of the system. Analysing and measuring these inefficient powers appropriately allows us to compensate for them and obtain a more efficient system. Correcting the imbalance at some nodes can worsen the rest of the system; therefore, it is essential that all nodes are analysed such that action can be taken when necessary. In most studies, the unbalanced power is measured from the modulus. Other more recent studies have proposed phasor expressions of unbalanced powers; however, in both cases, these are not enough to address the compensation of unbalanced powers in systems with unbalanced voltages. In this work, a different representation of the vector expressions for analysis of the unbalanced powers and the apparent powers of the three-phase linear systems is proposed. Additionally, these vector expressions are extended to nonlinear systems to quantify the harmonic apparent powers. These expressions have been formulated from the power of Buchholz and are valid for systems with unbalanced voltages and currents. To help understand the use of the proposed formulation, a practical case of a three-phase four-wire system with unbalanced loads and voltages is demonstrated.

A Geometric Approach for Optimal Power Control and Relay Selection in NOMA Wireless Relay Networks

In this paper, we propose a geometric approach for optimal power control and relay selection in NOMA wireless relay networks. First, for each pair of relays, to derive an optimal vector of transmission power that maximizes the network throughput, we formulate a non-convex optimization problem. To obtain a closed-form solution for the non-convex optimization problem, we adopt ellipses and hyperbolas for classification of transmission power vectors. In addition, the proposed geometric approach could be used to select an optimal pair of relays and an optimal vector of transmission power in polynomial time. Furthermore, we observe that allocating all transmission power of the BS to send data to the stronger relay is not necessarily optimal in a NOMA wireless relay network. Simulation results show that the proposed geometric approach could significantly increase the end-to-end sum rate and reduce the power consumption of wireless communications for NOMA wireless relay networks with low computational complexity.

Age and the Construction of Gendered and Raced Citizenship in the United States

Abstract Focusing on the United States, Field and Syrett argue that the supposed universality of chronological age masks the processes through which legislators and government officials relied upon age to reinforce inequalities rooted in coverture and chattel slavery. Two case studies reveal how bureaucratic and legislative age requirements functioned in tandem to deny equal citizenship to women and formerly enslaved people. During the Civil War, Congress passed legislation to grant age-based Civil War pensions for minor children that appeared neutral in law but came to be administered in ways that denied equal benefits to the families of black Civil War soldiers on the grounds that they lacked adequate proof of age. State governments, meanwhile, continued to pass laws that differentiated between men and women in the realm of legal majority, using chronological age as a means to shore up gender inequality even as women gained new rights and opportunities. Recent conflicts over voter identification laws and age determination for child migrants reveal that chronological age remains a contested category through which government officials can deny equal treatment under the law by defining the criteria for what counts as adequate proof of age. Cracks in the modern regime of government-issued birth certificates reveal that age remains what it has always been: not a neutral fact, but a vector of power through which government officials and ordinary people construct and contest the boundaries of citizenship.

Исследование гиперповерхности мощностей установившихся режимов электрической системы

Absract: The study is given to the normal vector of the power hypersurface of power system steady states. The interrelation of the components of the normal vector is determined through incremental transmission loss coefficients. The analysis of the normal vector components has revealed that in the marginal state of the power system the component of the normal vector of slack bus active power equals zero, and the incremental transmission loss coefficient of the slack bus active power is one. Therefore, any attempts of the slack bus to support the power system active power balance in the marginal state are fully compensated by the associated power losses. In real power systems, variation of slack bus location makes this steady state non-marginal. The only power system where the marginal state does not depend upon a slack bus location is a lossless one.

Large-Scale Genome Comparison Based on Cumulative Fourier Power and Phase Spectra: Central Moment and Covariance Vector

Genome comparison is a vital research area of bioinformatics. For large-scale genome comparisons, the Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA) methods have been impractical to use due to its algorithmic complexity. In this study, we propose a novel alignment-free method based on the one-to-one correspondence between a DNA sequence and its complete central moment vector of the cumulative Fourier power and phase spectra. In addition, the covariance between the four nucleotides in the power and phase spectra is included. We use the cumulative Fourier power and phase spectra to define a 28-dimensional vector for each DNA sequence. Euclidean distances between the vectors can measure the dissimilarity between DNA sequences. We perform testing with datasets of different sizes and types including simulated DNA sequences, exon-intron and complete genomes. The results show that our method is more accurate and efficient for performing hierarchical clustering than other alignment-free methods and MSA methods.

Flow Field and Performance Study of Vertical Axis Savonius Type SST Wind Turbine

Abstract It has been suggested that waste heats or naturally available heat sources can be utilized to produce swirling flow by a design similar to that of split channels which is currently used to initiate fire whirls in laboratories. A new hybrid power system has been proposed combining the conventional Savonius wind turbine and split channel mechanisms. Previous computational and experimental works indicate a performance improvement in the new hybrid design (named as swirling Savonius turbine, SST) compared to the conventional Savonius turbine. However, the lack of detailed descriptions of the flow field around the swirling Savonius turbine inhibits complete understanding of performance of the hybrid power system. The aim of this study is to numerically explore the three-dimensional unsteady flow around the rotor, and develop a simulation method for predicting their aerodynamic performance using control volume based CFD package of ANSYS CFX. Sliding mesh feature of CFX allowed to solve the motion of the moving blades. Numerical simulations results of SST were compared with the experimental results. A discussion on the detailed flow field characteristics, including velocity vector, velocity streamlines, pressure distribution, vorticity analysis, and examination of power and torque coefficients behavior are presented.

Incorporating the Study of Knowledge into the IPE Mainstream, or, When Does a Trade Agreement Stop Being a Trade Agreement?

Abstract The treatment of knowledge—most notably commodified knowledge—as a source and vector of power potentially is a key blind spot in our understanding of the global political economy. This article offers a theoretical framework, based on the work of Susan Strange, for considering the relationship between what she called the “knowledge structure” and the other key sources of political and economic power—security, production, and finance. This framework is applied to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, demonstrating how a direct focus on knowledge governance reveals power relations and economic effects that are otherwise obscured.

Incorporating the Study of Knowledge into the IPE Mainstream, or, When Does a Trade Agreement Stop Being a Trade Agreement?

Abstract The treatment of knowledge—most notably commodified knowledge—as a source and vector of power potentially is a key blind spot in our understanding of the global political economy. This article offers a theoretical framework, based on the work of Susan Strange, for considering the relationship between what she called the “knowledge structure” and the other key sources of political and economic power—security, production, and finance. This framework is applied to the Trans-Pacific Partnership, demonstrating how a direct focus on knowledge governance reveals power relations and economic effects that are otherwise obscured.

MAJOR TRENDS OF BIG INTERNATIONAL COMPANIES DEVELOPMENT IN A CHANGING WORLD

Economic globalization and demographic changes as well rapidly changing technologies are the most important factors of the firm's environment. The rapid development of information technology radically changes the very essence of the creation of new value. The pace of technological change and innovations increases. In the most advanced sectors of global economy the knowledge is a key resource. The world economy has not finally recovered after the crisis of 2008-2009. The global economy his becoming more multicentre and the vector of economic power is shifting to China and India. The main actors and the anchor of today global economy are leading international companies (transnational corporations- TNCs). Several thousands of TNCs together with their value chain dominate the global economy. The economic power allows the largest TNCs significantly push the boundaries of the company. Globalization has changed external networks of TNCs, their corporate governance, corporate ownership as well transfer pricing schemes as well relations between the headquarter and its subsidiaries and affiliates. A remarkable feature of TNCs recent FDI flows is not Greenfield investment but mergers and acquisitions. Key features of TNC activities are defined by industry. A growing number of TNCs are changing their strategic activities, basing on the latest technology trends. The most important aspects of TNCs activities are linked to innovation, financial operations, advanced management technique, increase in intangible assets. Innovation activity of TNCs is shifting to Asia.

Putting Habitus in its Place: Rejoinder to the Symposium

In this response to my critics, I amplify the conceptual clarification and methodological stipulation of habitus begun in ‘Homines in extremis’ to help us move from a sociology of the body as socially construc- ted object to a sociology from the body as socially construc -ting vector of knowledge, power, and practice. The specification of habitus by membership in collectives, attachment to institutions, and analytic purpose makes it a flexible multi-scalar notion with which to construct the epistemic individual and account for both reproduction and change, conformity and creativity, as well as self-revision. For this, we must reject theological interpretations that rigidly lock habitus into Bourdieu’s framework; avoid conflating the formal properties of the notion with its concrete features in specific settings and cases; and distinguish between the rhetorical invocation of his concepts (‘speaking Bourdieuese’) and their effective deployment in the construction of the empirical object. As embodied and embedded capacity, habitus brings temporality, depth, and desire to the analytic epicenter. It reminds us that the social world is not transparent, open-ended, and instantaneous, but endowed with gravity, opacity, and asymmetry. Treating the sentient and skilled organism as fount of both social intelligence and sociological acumen can help historical social science connect with enactive psychology and recover the carnality of action that conventional accounts of social life routinely erase.

Toward a Theoretico-practical Accountability to Difference and Relationality

In this essay, I argue for a theoretico-practical accountability to difference and belonging in feminist philosophy and theory that requires attentiveness to disability as an important vector of power, normativity, and oppression. My insistence on accountability echoes the many appeals to confront and take account of one's own ableist, white supremacist, cisgendered forms of privilege (while simultaneously working to dismantle more systemic forms of privilege) that disabled feminists, feminists of color, and transgender feminists have made.[i] Following Eli Clare and Aimee Carrillo Rowe, I consider how an ongoing accountability to intersectionality and embodiment in a politics of relation can avoid the exclusionary logics at work in feminist philosophical and theoretical invocations of "gender, race, and class," or "gender, race, and sexuality" that consistently ignore disability, among other identifications, as constitutive productions of structural power. An embodied and intersectional feminist refiguring of subjectivity that attends to race, class, age, disability, cis/gender, and sexuality, among other axes of difference, should be recognized as an important requirement of accountability for feminist philosophers and theorists, especially feminist philosophers and theorists who are privileged along one or more of these axes of power.[i] Aurora Levins Morales (1998), frames this accountability as “the willingness to examine and dismantle our own privilege and take full responsibility for remaking the world so that neither we nor anyone else can hold it again” (94). Keywords: belonging; relationality; feminism; disability; queer; transgender

Intersecting Discourses on Race and Sexuality: Compounded Colonization Among LGBTTQ American Indians/Alaska Natives

This article examines discourses on race and sexuality in scientific literature during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries in context of U.S. settler colonialism. It uses a theoretical and methodological intersectional perspective to identify rhetorical strategies deployed in discursive representations salient to lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, Two-Spirit, and queer American Indians and Alaska Natives. These representations reflect a context of compounded colonization, a historical configuration of co-constituting discourses based on cultural and ideological assumptions that invidiously marked a social group with consequential, continued effects. Hence, language is a vector of power and a critical vehicle in the project of decolonization.

Translation, resistance, activism

More than merely linguistic transposition, translation is a vector of power, resistance, rebellion, and even revolution. Exploring these facets of the ideology of translation, the contributors to this volume focus on the agency of translators and their activism. Spanning two centuries and reaching across the globe, the essays examine the varied activist strategies of key translators and translation movements. From silence to radical manipulation of texts, translation strategies are instrumental in significant historical interventions and cultural change. Translation plays a pivotal role in ideological dialogue and struggle, including resistance to oppression and cultural straitjackets of all types, from sexual puritanism to military dictatorships. Situated in their own space, time, history, and political contexts, translators promote ideological agendas by creating new cultural narratives, pragmatically adjusting tactics so as to maximize the social and political impact.The essays in this volume explore ways to read translations as records of cultural contestation and ideological struggle; as means of fighting censorship, physical coercion, cultural repression, and political dominance; and as texts that foster a wide variety of goals from cultural nationalism to armed confrontation. Translations are set in relief as central cultural documents rather than derivative, peripheral, or marginalized productions. They are seen as forms of ethical, political, and ideological activity rather than as mere communicative transactions or creative literary exercises. The contributors demonstrate that engaged and activist translations are performative acts within broader political and ideological contexts. The essays detail the initiative, resourcefulness, and courage of individual translators, whose willingness to put themselves on the line for social change can sometimes move the world.In addition to Maria Tymoczko, contributors include Pua'ala'okalani D. Aiu, Brian James Baer, Mona Baker, Paul F. Bandia, Georges L. Bastin, Nitsa Ben-Ari, Angela Campo, Antonia Carcelen-Estrada, Alvaro Echeverri, Denise Merkle, John Milton, and Else R.P. Vieira.

Media Poll-Itics in Canadian Elections: A Report on Accelerated Public Opinion

This essay develops a technocultural studies approach to political elections and polling. First, I shift our attention from polling as a cultural form to developments in polling technology that are transfiguring this form. I then examine the production and circulation of political opinion during the 2004 and 2006 Canadian elections in order to expose the limits of the media's criticism of polling and to contend that published preelection polls contribute to the formation of suspicious subjects. I go on to argue that political campaign communication is open to information accidents so that politicians get elected not just because of what they say, or how they say it, but when they say it. Within the accelerated serial mix of public opinion, stories, commentary, and events, political support and momentum were articulated with the politicization of affect to shape the outcome. While preelection polls may not produce knowledge of public opinion, they are a political technology and a vector of power.

Disposable Wars, Disappearing Acts: Theatrical Responses to the 1991 Gulf War

This essay examines how the media inaugurated certain practices during the 1991 Gulf War which have persisted and are evident in the coverage of the 2003 war, establishing both a model of reportage and an intertext between the two conflicts. The media, in turn, is inscribed within what Baudrillard has defined as the simulacrum, whereby images, or virtuality, outstrip the real and redefine events in crucial ways. The speed of information transfer, which in turn produced practices of instant narrativization and relentless visibility, operates as a vector of power: images, and how they are conveyed, become informational events in themselves, affecting perception, policy, and strategy. Censorship was an important factor in the formation of public perception about the Gulf War, but more was at work here: specifically, the unreality/hyperreality of images, endemic to postmodern life, which transforms the status of information, the knowledge derived from information, and judgments accordingly made about public events. These dynamics are, obviously, deeply consequential for those cultural products committed to political critique. The second portion of the essay analyzes one such cultural product, a play by Trevor Griffiths, written in the immediate aftermath of the 1991 Gulf War. It is examined for its capacity to offer critical assessment and to stand against the phenomena of de-realizing history into media events.

Changes in Patellofemoral Compressive Force After Anterior or Anteromedial Displacement of Tibial Tuberosity for Chondromalacia Patellae

Patellofemoral compressive force was measured before and after anterior displacement of the tibial tuberosity for patellofemoral disorders on 30 knees in 28 patients. All patients selected for this experiment were those who obtained relief of pain in the activities of daily living. Twenty-five women and three men, with an average age of 54 years (range, 21-79 years), were followed an average of 38 months (range, 24-84 months). The maximum strength of knee extension was measured by a myodynamometer with the knee at 45 degrees flexion. Patellofemoral compressive force was calculated using a vector of quadriceps muscle power. At the final follow-up evaluation, the quadriceps lever arm increased in all knees with an average rate of increase of 20% +/- 2%. The maximum strength of knee extension increased in all but three knees with an average rate of increase of 147% +/- 27%. Patellofemoral compressive force increased in 22 knees, was unchanged in five, and decreased in three, with an average rate of increase of 67% +/- 15% compared with the preoperative level.