Attacks of plant-parasitic nematodes can seriously affect grapevine yield and quality, also due to synergistic damages caused by the co-presence of nematodes and viruses. A survey was carried out in vineyards from a D.O.C.G. area of Veneto region, Italy, in order to better understand the relationship between grapevine plants and presence of phytonematodes. Most concerns were raised by detection of species as Mesocriconema xenoplax and Xiphinema index, this latter as the vector of grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), the most economically important nepovirus in vineyards. Some individuals of Pratylenchus vulnus were also found. Numerous predaceous nematodes as Mononchida were found within several soil samples. Mononchida play an important role in contrasting the spread of other nematodes, including plant-parasitic nematodes. During the survey, other non-plant-parasitic nematodes as Dorylaimina and Rhabditida were homogeneusly distribuited among samples. Key Words: grapevine, Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV), nematodes, trophic groups, Xiphinema index.