Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Vector Research Articles

UJI EFEKTIVITAS REBUSAN DAUN KAYU JAWA (Lannea coromandelica) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA Aedes aegypti

Aedes aegypti is a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF is transmitted through the bite of the Aedes aegypti mosquito which carries the virus in its body. Mosquito eradication can use natural insecticides derived from natural agent such as plants metabolites that are toxic to insects. Kayu Jawa leaf (Lannea coromandelica) is a wild plant that is easy to find. Kayu jawa leaves contain secondary metabolites such as saponins, flavonoids, polyphenols and tannins which has insecticide activity. This research was an experimental test using kayu jawa leaves (L. coromandelica) decoction at 20%, 40%, 60% and 100% to eradicate A. aegypti. Test results show that 100 % concentration of L. coromandelica leaves decoction has the greatest activity to eradicate A. aegypti. The lowest activity shown in 20% concentration. This is due to the performance of secondary metabolite compounds from L. coromandelica leaves. The conclusion of this research is L. coromandelica has an activity as an A. aegyti insecticides.

Analysis of Aedes Aegypti Larval Density on The Potential Transmission of Dengue Fever

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is caused by the dengue virus transmitted through the Aedes aegypti mosquito. DHF remains a health problem in Indonesia. Based on data from the Ministry of Health, there were 184 cases of the disease in 2022, an increase of 94.8% compared to 2021, which had 73,518 cases. According to the Central Statistics Agency of South Sumatra Province, the number of DHF cases in South Sumatra was 2,854 cases, with the highest number in the city of Palembang at 908 cases. This condition requires serious attention. The aim of this study is to analyze the potential transmission of DHF based on entomological evidence in the Sukarami district of Palembang. The method used in the research is a cross-sectional study conducted in December 2023, involving 92 households in the Sukarami sub-district, with a total of 552 containers. The survey results of larval identification under a microscope showed a Larval Free Index of 45.7%, a Container Index of Aedes aegypti larvae of 56.0%, a house index of 73.9%, and a Breteau index of 152.2%. The results of entomological indices indicate a high density of DHF vector mosquitoes Aedes aegypti, which means that this area has a high risk of DHF transmission, thus requiring the control of Aedes aegypti larvae and the eradication of DHF. breeding sites for the vector.

Gambaran Penggunaan Insektisida Rumah Tangga di Kelurahan Tangkerang Barat Kecamatan Marpoyan Damai, Pekanbaru

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a potentially fatal disease that threatening global health, including Indonesia. Various efforts have been made to control DHF, one of them is by means of vector control. Household based insecticides are widely used by the community in controlling insect vectors, including Ae.aegypti as the main vector of DHF. This study aimed to describe the use of household insecticides in the Tangkerang Barat Sub District, Marpoyan Damai District. This study was conducted in September-November 2022 with a total of 100 respondents. The sample selection technique used was simple random sampling from 4 RWs. Data collection was carried out using guided interviews with 4 questions to respondents who used insecticides. Data analysis was carried out using univariate analysis. This study showed that almost all respondents (98%) used household insecticides, the most widely used type of formulation was aerosol (51%), active ingredient was dimeflutrin 0.02%; cypermethrin 0.10% (25.5%), used once a day (75.5%) and used at night (98%). Improper use of household insecticides can have negative effects on the environment, humans, and the occurrence of resistance. Mosquito Nest Eradication needs to be further improved in controlling Ae.aegypti.

Characteristics of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Vectors in North Kembangan Sub-district, Kembangan District, West Jakarta City

Dengue fever is a health problem in Kembangan Utara urban village, Kembangan sub-district. There were 136 cases of DHF in September 2022 with a population of 68,841 with an IR of 197.6. Considering the high number of cases, it is necessary to coordinate vector density survey and Dengue virus examination in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Objective: To coordinate activities for vector density surveys and Dengue virus testing in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Observational research methods were carried out by observing the presence of Aedes aegypti larvae in terms of breeding sites. Observations were made using observation sheets. Statistical analysis to describe the description of breeding sites, density, and types of breeding sites that are dominantly preferred by Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae. The results of the mosquito larva survey in 100 houses showed that 31 houses were positive for larvae (ABJ: 70%), meaning that the area of North Kembangan Village, Kembangan Subdistrict, West Jakarta is at high risk for dengue transmission. Mosquito catching in 100 houses showed that 80 houses found 142 mosquitoes consisting of 123 Culex genus, 8 female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and 11 male Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Dengue virus examination of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the rearing process showed positive results for Dengue virus. Conclusion Dengue virus examination of female Aedes aegypti mosquitoes from the rearing process showed positive results for Dengue virus. Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan masalah kesehatan di Kelurahan Kembangan Utara, Kecamatan Kembangan. Terdapat angka kejadian DBD September 2022 136 kasus dengan jumlah penduduk 68.841 dengan IR sebesar 197,6. Melihat tingginya kasus tersebut, maka perlunya kegiatan koordinasi survei kepadatan vektor dan pemeriksaan virus Dengue pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Tujuan penelitian: Terlaksananya koordinasi kegiatan untuk survei kepadatan vektor dan pemeriksaan virus Dengue pada nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Metode penelitian observasi yang dilakukan dengan mengamati keberadaan jentik Aedes aegypti ditinjau dari tempat perindukan. Observasi dilakukan dengan lembar observasi. Analisis Statistik untuk mendeskripsikan gambaran tempat perindukan, kepadatan, dan jenis-jenis tempat perindukan yang dominan disukai jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti. Hasil survei jentik nyamuk di 100 rumah menunjukkan 31 rumah positif jentik (ABJ:70%), artinya wilayah Kelurahan Kembangan Utara, Kecamatan Kembangan, Jakarta Barat termasuk risiko tinggi terjadinya penularan DBD. Penangkapan nyamuk pada 100 rumah menunjukkan 80 rumah ditemukan nyamuk 142 ekor yang terdiri dari genus Culex yaitu 123 ekor, nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina yaitu 8 ekor dan nyamuk Aedes aegypti jantan yaitu 11 ekor. Pemeriksaan virus Dengue nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina dari proses rearing menunjukkan hasil positif virus Dengue. Kesimpulan pemeriksaan virus Dengue nyamuk Aedes aegypti betina dari proses rearing menunjukkan hasil positif virus Dengue.

Effectivity test of ethanol extract of black pepper (Piper nigrum) against mortality of Aedes aegypti and its effect on midgut morphological changes

Aedes aegypti is the vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Dengue vector management usually depends on synthetic larvicides. However, it can lead to insect resistance and leave chemical pollutant residues. Therefore natural larvicides are needed for their environmentally friendly and do not induce insect resistance. Piper nigrum fruit is expected to contain secondary metabolites beneficial as larvicides to Aedes aegypti. This study aims to test the effectivity of the ethanol extract of Piper nigrum fruit on the mortality of Aedes aegypti larvae and determine the effect of extract exposure on larval midgut morphological changes. The study used a completely randomized design with five experimental groups and four repetitions as follows: K (aquades + 0% extract), P1 (0.25% extract), P2 (0.50% extract), P3 (0.75% extract), P4 (1% extract). Data analysis used one-way ANOVA and continued to the LSD Post hoc test. The extract's effectiveness was analyzed using the probit test and LC50 confirmation. Changes in the morphology of larval midgut were observed descriptively and presented in the form of tables and figures. The results showed that the 1% treatment resulted in the highest larval mortality of 93% and the lowest in the 0.25% treatment of 43%. The LC50 value was 2,666 based on the probit analysis. The ethanol extract of Piper nigrum fruit affected midgut morphological changes of Aedes aegypti larvae characterized by peripheral membrane damage, microvilli thinning, epithelial cell swelling and vacuolation, and basement membrane damage.

Studi Literatur: Potensi Daya Bunuh Tanaman Keluarga Asteraceae Terhadap Larva Aedes Aegypti

Aedes aegypti is the main transmitter of dengue hemorrhagic fever which is an important health problem in Indonesia and the world. The main vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is the Aedes aegypti mosquito which originated from Africa and discovered in Indonesia in 1968 in Surabaya. DHF continues to spread to all 472 districts or cities in 34 provinces in Indonesia. Data on dengue cases recorded until the 49th week of 2020 were 95,893 cases and 661 cases of death. Biological control using natural ingredients which is Asteraceae family plants that have larvicidal activity is one of the methode to prevent transmission and reproduction of the main vector. The object of this study is to know the potential of Asteraceae family plants as larvicides against Aedes aegypti. The method of this study is systematic review. The data sources used are secondary data obtained from Google Scholar. The keywords are Asteraceae, Aedes aegypti and larvicide. There are 17 literatures which fulfill the criteria. Synthesis of data is using SPIDER. The result of this study is, from 17 international and national journals reviewed, there were 9 (52,95%) journals shows that Asteraceae family plants have low potential to become Aedes aegypti larvicides and 8 (47,05%) journals shows that Asteraceae family plant have the potential to become Aedes aegypti larvicides, this is based on the LC50 value >1000ppm which indicates that the larvicidal activity is low. Asteraceae family plants have low potential to become Aedes aegypti larvicides.

Efficacy of mosquito traps baited with citric acid and baking soda for catching Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

The effectiveness of mosquito traps containing CO2-producing agent as the attractant is depending on many factors, among others is the type of material used. This research was conducted to find out whether materials that have been proven effective in trapping mosquitoes of various species such as sugar + yeast and citric acid + baking soda are also effectively used to catch the vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever, Aedes aegypti.A total of 48 trapsmade from empty 1.6 liter plastic bottleswere prepared in this study. The yeast+ sugar (YES) and citric acid + baking soda (CABS) attractants were applied to be compared with control (well water). The traps containing three different liquid (16 traps each) were set in 16 selected houses in a settlement named Pinang Jaya. Traps were set for 14 days and were observed every two days. Parameters observed were the pH of the attractant liquid and the number of female Ae. aegyti mosquitoes caught. The results are revealed that the attractant made from citric acid reacted with baking soda was the most effective in attracting female mosquito of Ae.aegypti compared to the attractant composed of brown sugar fermented with cassava yeast. Citric acid reacted with baking soda did not immediately attract Ae.aegypti mosquitoes until the day-6 and the effectiveness the attractant continues to increase up to 5 times on the day-14.It is suggested that mosquito traps containing citric acid and baking soda attractants are feasible to be applied in controlling the population of dengue vector mosquitoes.

Strategy to control and eradicate dengue hemorrhagic fever vectors in Bali

Dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Bali have increased in the past decade. Control and eradication efforts must be optimized. In order to create dengue-free zones, accurate information and a comprehensive strategy for accelerating dengue vector management are required. This paper is based on empirical, field, and epidemiological studies and program evaluations guided by the health belief model approach. In this regard, Bali's lesson on dengue cases fluctuated from 2018 to 2020. The incidence and death rates are increasing, especially during the COVID-19. Many factors affect the disease agent, the host, and the environment. The SIGAP strategy is a policy brief that is studied and implemented to accelerate dengue vector control in Bali, which includes: awareness of the importance of 4M-Plus (draining, closing, reusing used goods, and monitoring) and mosquito nest control; integration of dengue information services; using natural insecticides and larvicides; observing and reporting the presence of vectors to the larva monitoring officer; and regular monitoring weekly. Implementing the SIGAP strategy can reduce dengue vectors and speed up the process of getting rid of dengue disease in Bali.

Repellent Activity Test Of Essential Oil Gel Of Cinnamommum Burmanii Bi Leaves Against Aedes Aegypti Mosquitoes

Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf is known to have high eugenol content, eugenol able to resist the bite of Aedes aegypti mosquito as a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Research on test of repellent activity of gel oil Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf to Aedes aegypti mosquito is done to know its activity as a repellent preparation against Aedes aegypti mosquito. In this research made the gel of essential oil of Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf with base karbopol 940 made in 3 formula, F1 (7,50%); F2 (15,00%); F3 (30,00%) and use Positive Control repellent supply on the market and contains DEET. The three formulas produce a good gel in terms of physical stability, organoleptic, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, and scattering, but all formulas cause irritation. The test of repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito done for 4 hours with 5 repetitions showed Cinnamomum burmanni BI leaf oil formula F3 (30,00%) had repellent activity against Aedes aegypti mosquito with high protection 94,01% for 4 hours.

PENGAMATAN VEKTOR AEDES AEGYPTI INFEKTIF VIRUS DENGUE DI JAKARTA UTARA TAHUN 2022

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem that needs seriousattention, because this disease has high morbidity and mortality rates and has the potential to cause extraordinary events (KLB). Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever cases tend to increase from year to year and have the potential to cause Extraordinary Events, so that the Special Capital Region of Jakarta Province is an endemic area for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. Thepurpose of this literature review is to analyze the density of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, to analyze infective Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, to increase efforts to control DHF vectors and to be aware of an increase in DHF cases.This study uses an observational method. The data source used comes from primarydata taken directly in residential areas, the selected location is the village with the highest IR number and the test sample is examined in the laboratory.Data owned by the DKI Jakarta Health Service, until the end of January 2021, thenumber of Dengue Fever sufferers reached 3,091 people. Meanwhile, in the same period last year, the number of dengue fever sufferers increased by 35%. The mosquito surveywas conducted in areas that have high cases of dengue fever in North Jakarta, namely Warakas Village, Tanjung Priok District. Of the 100 houses that had been visited and a search for adult mosquitoes was carried out, 69 houses were found. The number of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes caught was 17, consisting of 15 females and 2 males. Then a separate extraction process was carried out between female mosquitoes and male mosquitoes to determine whether or not the dengue virus was present. After obtaining the extraction, the samples were then subjected to PCR testing.The results of testing samples of male and female mosquitoes using the PCR methodin the Warakas Village, Tanjung Priok District, obtained negative results (-) for dengue virus. Vector surveys carried out for disease control program implementers need to expand the sampling locations so that they can represent the population in an area

Uji Resistensi Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) Terhadap Insektisida Permethrin di Kota Binjai Provinsi Sumatera Utara Tahun 2022

The control effort of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) which is transmitted by the Aedes sp. infected with the Dengue virus, of which can be done by fogging. The active ingredient for fogging generally uses the insecticide permethrin. This study aimed to identify the resistance status of DHF vectors to the insecticide permethrin in controlling DHF vectors. The method of collecting Aedes sp. larvae was carried out in 100 residents' houses in neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City, North Sumatra Province by observing each water reservoir that has the potential to become a breeding ground for Aedes sp. Aedes sp. larvae colonized until the F1 generation, then tested for resistance to permethrin insecticide using the CDC Bottle method. Data analysis was carried out descriptively. The percentage of death of test mosquitoes was 25% (<80%). It was concluded that the Aedes sp. in Neighborhoods 3 and 4 of Damai Village, North Binjai District, Binjai City were resistant to the insecticide permethrin. It is recommended that the Binjai City Health Office/Government make a policy in controlling the DHF vector by replacing Permethrin insecticide with another class of insecticides.

Investigation of The Presence of Aedes aegypti Larvae and Its Related Factors in Air Putih Community Health Center, Samarinda

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a public health problem in Indonesia until now because there are still many morbidity and mortality rates every year. DHF cases in the working area of the Air Putih Health Center fluctuate every year, in 2019 there were 109 cases, in 2020 there were 29 cases and in 2021 there were 44 cases. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between breeding places and PSN behavior with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in the working area of the Air Putih Public Health Center, Samarinda City. This study used quantitative, analytic survey methods with a cross-sectional approach where the subjects in this study were houses within the working area of the Air Putih Community Health Center with a sample of 59 houses, a sampling technique set by WHO. Collecting data with a questionnaire, check list and analyzed using the fisher's exact test. As for the bivariate test results, it was found that there was a relationship between TPA for daily needs (p-value = 0.00), TPA not for daily needs (p-value = 0.00) and PSN behavior (p-value = 0.05 ) with the presence of Aedes aegypti mosquito larvae in the working area of the Air Putih Public Health Center, Samarinda City. Suggestions in this study, the people in the working area of the Air Putih Health Center can reduce mosquito breeding places, drain the TPA regularly and bury used items that are not used. It is also hoped that the Puskesmas can improve coordination with the community and cadres in checking mosquito larvae regularly so that they can eradicate the DHF vector.

Comparison of the Aedes spp Eggs Number Trapped in Ovitrap Using Rainwater and Municipal Water

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a public health problem in Indonesia. The number of sufferers and the area of their distribution is increasing along with the increasing mobility and population density. The purpose of this study was to compare the number of eggs trapped in the ovitrap using rainwater and PDAM water. This type of research was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test-only design. Determination of the sampling location was done by determining the point of the house of DHF sufferers and their surroundings. The total number of eggs trapped in the ovitrap was 3829 eggs. The number of rainwater ovitraps (2279) traps more Aedes spp mosquito eggs than PDAM water ovitraps (1553). Ovitrap index of 61% in this study was included in the level 4 category or high above 40%. The results of the Mann-Whitney analysis with p-value = 0.637 > 0.05 means that it did not showed a significant difference between the number of eggs trapped in the rainwater ovitrap and PDAM water. There was no difference in the average number of eggs in rainwater and PDAM water ovitrap media. The community of RT 2 and RT 3 RW 1 are expected to always carry out the Mosquito Nest Eradication (PSN) movement at least once a week to reduce the proliferation of the DHF vector.

Characterization and evaluation of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) oil as larvicidal and repellent against the yellow fever mosquito

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is one of the leading health problems in Indonesia and other countries. However, a study on sweet basil oil and its potency to control Aedes aegypti, or Yellow fever mosquito (YFM), as the vector of DHF, is rarely investigated. This research aims to study the chemical characteristics of sweet basil oil and evaluate its potency as insecticides against Aedes aegypti. A spectrophotometer gas chromatography to identify its compounds followed by the standardized toxicity and repellency test methods were conducted. The results showed that the main compounds of sweet basil oil are linalool (31,78 %), thymol (11,60%), and cineol (0,99%). The sweet basil oil showed high toxicity for the larvae of Aedes aegypti with LC50 and LC90 were 72,08 ppm and 121,47 ppm. The protection effect of sweet basil oil increases following the oil concentration. However, at 30 % concentration, this essential oil could protect from Aedes aegypti up to six hours with repellency levels of 81,3 %. Therefore, this study supports the effective and environmentally friendly method of managing the YFM using sweet basil oil.

Mass Transfer Coefficient Extraction of Oleoresin from Zodia Leaf (Evodia suaveolens) with Ethanol Solvent Using Ultrasonic Cleaner

The Aedes sp mosquito is a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and chikungunya which are still commonly found in Indonesia. To control DHF, natural insecticides from plants can be used. Zodia plants (Evodia suaveolens) can be used as natural insecticides because they contain essential oils that mosquitoes do not like. To obtain oleoresin with optimal quality and quantity, extraction can be carried out using ultrasonic waves. To design an efficient extractor, mass transfer coefficient data is needed. Until now, the data is still difficult to obtain. The experiment was carried out using an ultrasonic cleaner, by observing the concentration of oleoresin for various leaf mass ratios of 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 grams, extracted with 300 mL ethanol for 900 seconds. Concentration observations were also carried out for a time variation of 90 - 900 seconds, with 90 seconds intervals. The best extraction results were tested using GC-MS, to determine the components in the oleoresin. To determine the mass transfer coefficient (Kc) is to make a relationship between concentration and time for the best ratio of leaf weight and ethanol volume.Based on research that has been done with 300 mL of ethanol and extraction time of 900 seconds, the highest concentration was 0.0120 gr/mL, for the experiment using a leaf weight of 12 gr. The largest percentage (%) of oleoresin that could be extracted was 88.5%, for the experiment the leaf weight was 2 g. The optimum mass transfer coefficient (Kc) is 0.161088 1/minute. These data were obtained for the experiment of the relationship between concentration and time. Oleoresin from Zodia leaves contains 20.61% nerolidol. This compound has effectiveness as a mosquito repellent.

Vector Density Analysis of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Tumpok Teungoh Village, Lhokseumawe City

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is an infectious disease of the dengue virus, which is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito as the main vector and Aedes albopictus as a potential vector. Monitoring the population density of Aedes aegypti is very important to assist in evaluating the presence of threats in each city, and so that mosquito eradication measures can be improved. The purpose of this study was to determine the density of the DHF vector in the village of Tumpok Teungoh, Lhokseumawe City. The population in this study were all houses in the village of Tumpok Teungoh, Lhokseumawe City, which amounted to 2,531 houses. The number of samples used is 100 houses which will be carried out by random sampling. Data was collected through direct observation by observing the type and number of containers as well as the presence of Aedes aegypti in water containers/holds in each house. Data analysis was carried out descriptively on the type of container, the number of larva-positive containers, the number of larva-positive houses, and the larval density, which was calculated based on the house index, container index, and Breteau index numbers. The results showed that the House Index (HI) was 29%, the container index (CI) was 20.5%, and the Breteau index (BI) was 41%. In conclusion, the density of DHF larvae in Tumpok Teungoh Village, Lhokseumawe City, is at level 5, which is the category of moderate risk of DHF transmission.

Histopathological Changes of Midgut Epithelial Cells of Aedes aegypti Larvae Exposed to Permot Leaf Extract (Passiflora foetida)

The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Various prevention efforts were carried out to reduce the population of Ae. aegypti. One way to break the chain of Ae. aegypti is to kill the development of its larvae, namely with synthetic or vegetable larvicides. Permot (Passiflora foetida) is one type of plant that can be used as a vegetable insecticide because it contains active chemical compounds such as alkaloids and flavonoids. Larvae of Ae. aegypti used was instar III with a total of 600, which was divided into 6 treatment groups (1 negative control group, 1 positive control group using 1% temephos, permot leaf extract with dose levels of 0.5%, 1%, 2% and 4% ) and 4 replicates. Data on mortality of Ae. aegypti was calculated to determine the effective dose (LC50 and LC90) using the Probit test, while histopathological changes were calculated to determine the toxicity of the permot leaf extract using the one-way Anova test. The results showed that the LC50 value was 1.85% and LC90 was 2.35%, which means that the effective dose of permot leaf extract was 2.35%. In the treatment of 4% permot leaf extract, it showed histopathological changes in the midgut epithelial cells of Ae. aegypti larvae, midgut epithelial cells became lysed, changed shape, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and separated from the basement membrane. Peritrophic membranes, microvilli and brush border were partially or totally damaged.

Pembuatan Obat Nyamuk Herbal Sebagai Alternatif Pembasmi Nyamuk Di Desa Sopu Kabupaten Sigi

Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes that often cause health problems. The genus Aedes is a biological vector of DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever). Concern over the current outbreak of DHF (Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever) has resulted in the use of many chemical-based insect repellents such as insecticides to eradicate mosquitoes. However, these things can cause toxic residues that are harmful to human and livestock health, environmental pollution and can cause unwanted effects such as natural enemies if used continuously and for a long time. Currently, electric mosquito repellent is one of the people's choices. Therefore, to make people aware of the importance of high selectivity in using mosquito repellent that is safe for health and the environment, it is necessary to have community service regarding and training regarding the use and manufacture of herbal mosquito repellent. Hernal mosquito repellent is made from a mixture of natural ingredients that contain nicotinic substances that can protect us from mosquitoes. The materials used for the manufacture of mosquito repellent are very easy to find or easy to obtain. Because it only uses orange peel and garlic as the basic ingredients. The method of manufacture is also very easy so that it is also easy to apply among housewives. The manufacture of herbal mosquito repellent made from garlic and orange peel is an alternative as an insect repellent that is safe for health in terms of the ingredients

UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK BUAH BALONGGA (Cucumis melo L. forma agrestis) SEBAGAI INSEKTISIDA ALAMI TERHADAP NYAMUK Aedes sp.

Background: Aedes sp is a vector of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). DHF is a disease caused by the dengue virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae. DHF is transmitted from person to person through the bite of the Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (female) mosquitoes. Balongga fruit is a wild plant typical of Southeast Sulawesi which is usually consumed by the people of Southeast Sulawesi as a food ingredient such as vegetables and to add flavor to fish dishes. Balongga fruit contains secondary metabolites, namely flavonoids, saponins and tannins which have the ability to inhibit the growth of larvae and mosquitoes.Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the results of the effectiveness test of the extract of Balongga fruit (Cucumis melo L. forma agrestis) as a natural insecticide against Aedes sp.Methods: This research was conducted experimentally, in the test using four treatments with variations in concentration, namely 20%, 40%. 60% and 80%, negative control (aquadest) and positive control X-Electric (transflutrin 12.38 g/l)), and the number of mosquitoes used was 25 in each treatment with three repetitions. The observation time required in this study is 1440 minutes. Observations were also made by counting the dead mosquitoes in each treatment with time intervals of 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240, 480, and 1440 minutes. The data in this study were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test.Conclusion: The results showed that the 80% concentration of Balonga fruit flesh extract was the most effective as a natural insecticide to kill Aedes sp mosquitoes with an interval of 240 minutes.

Biosurfactant activity of indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of dengue hemorrhagic fever vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia

Abstract. Nafidiastri FA, Susetyo RD, Nurhariyati T, Supriyanto A, Geraldi A, Ni’matuzahroh, Fatimah, Salamun. 2021. Biosurfactant activity of indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of dengue hemorrhagic fever vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 22: 5375-5381. Bacillus spp. have shown the ability to results a variety of commercial bioactive compounds such as proteins, peptides, and lipopeptides (LPs). Some of the LPs produced by Bacillus spp. are surfactin, iturin, and fengicin. This study aimed to determine the name of the indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3, the biosynthesis surfactin gene, and the potential activity for biosurfactant produced by entomopathogenic Bacillus sp. ES4.3 isolated from endemic breeding sites of ??Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Vector in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Genomic DNA of Bacillus sp. ES4.3 was detected by isolating the DNA and visualizing it by electrophoresis. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene was amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. The resulting nucleotide sequences were analyzed to find the relationship between Bacillus sp ES4.3 with another bacteria using MEGA version 6 software. Detection of biosynthesis surfactin gene was carried out by PCR method using srfAD primers. Analysis of the homology level of the surfactin gene was performed using the NCBI BLASTn and BLASTp genetic analysis program. The indigenous Bacillus sp. ES4.3 had 97.66% closeness to the species Bacillus velezensis FZB42 and the surfactin gene showed a 100% ID with the surfactin biosynthesis thioesterase SrfA-D gene on the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens group. The biosurfactant activity was indicated by the formation of clear zones, emulsions, and a decrease in surface tension in the values ??of 21.38 mN/m from the NB medium control and 33.74 mN/m from the distilled water control. The ability of B. velezensis ES4.3 to hemolyzed and reduce surface tension indicated the presence of biosurfactant that can disrupt stability and damage the midgut of Aedes aegypti. Thus, B. velezensis ES4.3 has the potential to be developed as a biocontrol in disease vectors.