VCR Diesel Engine Research Articles

Thermodynamic investigation and 4Es analysis of a VCR diesel engine using emulsified diesel with catalytic co-pyrolysis fuel derived from waste LDPE and Pongamia pinnata seeds

Global challenges for massive plastic waste disposal and regular decrement of conventional resources, converting plastic and biomass seeds waste into transportation-grade fuels through co-pyrolysis offer a better option for providing a promising solution. This investigation signifies a thermodynamic power cycle model, and 4Es (Energy, Exergy, Environmental, Economic) analysis of a direct injection unmodified diesel engine powered with various blends of test fuels derived from thermo-catalytic co-pyrolysis of low-density polyethylene (LDPE) wastes and Pongamia pinnata seeds at 500 °C with calcium oxide as catalyst, mixed with diesel. The fuel mixtures of pure diesel and pyrolytic test fuels are utilized for diesel engine testing with varying compression ratio. The synergistic effects of major parameters such as full engine load, varying compression ratios (16:1, 17:1, 18:1, and 19:1), and fuel blends (10, 20, 30, and 40 %) are considered for engine run. The Brake thermal energy was found to increase for the 20 % blend at 6.6 % (40 % load) in comparison to pure diesel. Also, the Brake specific fuel consumption was the least for the same blend, 0.31 kg/kWh at 18:1 CR. The smoke was also found to have lowered by 22 % for the 20 % blend in comparison to pure diesel. At a compression ratio of 18:1, the NOx formation also decreased by approximately 1.4 % in comparison to the pure diesel for almost all considered fuel blends. The fuel efficiency was observed to increase for the 20 % blend compared to pure diesel by 20 %. The cost and exergy destruction analysis also confirmed the D80PB20 to have the least and maximum values respectively for both parameters. The energy, exergy, emission, and economic (4Es) analysis confirmed the suitability of blended fuels for achieving improved engine performance and emissions. In addition, the economic and fuel sustainability analysis foster the techno-economic feasibility of the test fuels as compared to conventional diesel fuel.

Comparative study of Combustion, Performance and Emission Characteristics of n-Pentanol/Diesel Blend

The Increasing pollution has become high concern, to move on the other alternative fuel. In this research work along with performance and emission combustion characteristics of a naturally aspirated, power 3.50 kW @ 1500 rpm, single Cylinder, 4-stroke, water cooled, VCR diesel engine is done. Engine was powered with blends of pentanol in diesel with 12%(P12D88) and 20%(P20D80) v/v, this analysis was conducted at 2kg, 4kg, 6kg, 8kg, 10kg and 12kg loads. The obtained results were studied and compared with pure diesel (D100). Ignition delay for the blend has reduced from 9o to 8o . NHR, MGT and combustion duration (CD) of the blend increased with increase in pentanol ratio in diesel and also higher than D100. NHR for P12D88 and P20D80 were 12.88% and 14.65 % more than pure diesel at full loading. BTE of P20D88 was 7.3% more than D100 and D100 was more efficient at other loadings. BSFC has similar data as that of BTE. NOx emission was lower for blends and decreased with increase in pentanol contain, NOx emission reduced by 25- 45% at lower and 33-37% at full loading. CO and HC emission of the blends were better than D100 at higher loadings.

Size impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) on ternary fuel blend using third-generation biodiesel in VCR diesel engine

Size impact of cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2) on ternary fuel blend using third-generation biodiesel in VCR diesel engine

Performance analysis and emission characteristics of VCR diesel engine using palm stearin oil biodiesel as fuel

Abstract The increasing depletion of fossil fuels has prompted international efforts to search for diesel substitutes. One way to considerably reduce fuel shortages would be to use bio-derived fuels as replacements. Transesterification of edible or nonedible vegetable oils yields biodiesel, which is one example of a bio-origin fuel and a workable solution. Biodiesel’s characteristics are often more advantageous than those of diesel. One well-known example of a nonedible vegetable oil is palm stearin. In this work, we investigate the potential use of transesterified palm stearin methyl esters (PSME) as a substitute fuel. A rated compression ratio (CR) of 17.5 and 210 bar of fuel injection pressure were employed in the experimental investigations, which were carried out at a constant speed of 1500 rpm. Our main goals were to reduce emissions and improve engine performance. The evaluation parameters encompassed brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), and emission indices. It was observed that using PSME led to better performance and fewer emissions when compared to using conventional diesel, especially when the CR was 17.5. Increased BTE, decreased BSFC, lower air–fuel ratios, and decreased volumetric efficiencies were all correlated with higher CR. As a byproduct of palm oil, PSME shows promise as a seasonally and geographically specific feedstock for biodiesel production, providing benefits over conventional diesel fuels in terms of performance and the environment.

Multi-response optimization of a microalgae-spirulina-fueled VCR diesel engine: a comprehensive RSM-GA approach

Multi-response optimization of a microalgae-spirulina-fueled VCR diesel engine: a comprehensive RSM-GA approach

Modelling and optimisation of VCR diesel engine parameters fuelled with microalgae methyl-ester: a RSM-coupled Taguchi approach

ABSTRACT Due to the high consumption of fossil fuels and their environmental effects, researchers are attempting to develop clean and environmentally sustainable alternative fuels. This study employs a hybrid statistical approach, combining the Taguchi approach and Response Surface Methodology (RSM), to optimise the input parameters of a diesel engine operating on microalgae methyl ester in order to increase engine performance. Through the execution of L16 pre-designed experiments, this work analyzes the significance of three key process parameters: engine load (25-50-75-100%), fuel injection pressure (200-210-220-230 bar), and microalgae biodiesel blends (B20-B40-B50-B100) with respect to brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), carbon dioxide (CO2), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The response surface methodology was utilised to conduct an experimental investigation. At 71.52% of the engine load, a 204.23 bar injection pressure and a microalgae biodiesel blend of 20% (B20) were found to be the optimal input parameters. The optimum setting of the input parameters provides responses of 31.83% BTE, 278.658 g/kWh of BSFC, 872.053 g/kWh of CO2, and 1725.57 ppm volume of NOx, respectively. The experimental and predicted responses were compared, and it was found that the optimised values were within acceptable limits, with an error of less than 6%.

Taguchi and ANN-based optimization method for predicting maximum performance and minimum emission of a VCR diesel engine powered by diesel, biodiesel, and producer gas

Purpose The study aims to determine the the optimal value of output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The output parameters of a variable compression ratio (CR) diesel engine are investigated at different loads, CR and fuel modes of operation experimentally. The performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake specific energy consumption (BSEC), whereas CO emission, HC emission, CO2 emission, NOx emission, exhaust gas temperature (EGT) and opacity are the emission parameters measured during the test. Tests are conducted for 2, 6 and 10 kg of load, 16.5 and 17.5 of CR. Design/methodology/approach In this investigation, the first engine was fueled with 100% diesel and 100% Calophyllum inophyllum oil in single-fuel mode. Then Calophyllum inophyllum oil with producer gas was fed to the engine. Calophyllum inophyllum oil offers lower BTE, CO and HC emissions, opacity and higher EGT, BSEC, CO2 emission and NOx emissions compared to diesel fuel in both fuel modes of operation observed. The performance optimization using the Taguchi approach is carried out to determine the optimal input parameters for maximum performance and minimum emissions for the test engine. The optimized value of the input parameters is then fed into the prediction techniques, such as the artificial neural network (ANN). Findings From multiple response optimization, the minimum emissions of 0.58% of CO, 42% of HC, 191 ppm NOx and maximum BTE of 21.56% for 16.5 CR, 10 kg load and dual fuel mode of operation are determined. Based on generated errors, the ANN is also ranked for precision. The proposed ANN model provides better prediction with minimum experimental data sets. The values of the R2 correlation coefficient are 1, 0.95552, 0.94367 and 0.97789 for training, validation, testing and all, respectively. The said biodiesel may be used as a substitute for conventional diesel fuel. Originality/value The blend of Calophyllum inophyllum oil-producer gas is used to run the diesel engine. Performance and emission analysis has been carried out, compared, optimized and validated.

Multi-objective optimization and 4E's analysis of a VCR diesel engine fueled with binary fuel mixtures of diesel and pyrolysis oil derived from different plastics waste

In the present work, the best-worst multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method is used to choose PP and HDPE from five waste plastic pyrolytic oils (PP, PS, HDPE, PMMA, and LDPE). For variable compression direct injection diesel engine testing, the best two fuel mixes (PP/HDPE) in varying amounts with diesel are used. Engine load (20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%), compression ratio (16, 17, 18), and fuel blend (10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%) are tested during engine testing. The energy, exergy, emission, and economic (4Es) analysis determined the best test fuel for engine performance and emissions. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized engine performance and emission. Finally, desirability function and sensitivity analysis showed that the test fuel mixture 20WPO (20%WPO+80%diesel) made from polypropylene-based waste plastics had the best performance and emission output at a compression ratio of 18 and 100% engine load.

Use of Taguchi method for optimizing engine parameters of Variable Compression Ratio Diesel Engine using Cocklebur seed oil biodiesel blended with Karanja oil biodiesel

The sources of fossil fuels are depleting, their prices are increasing also harmful emissions are disturbing nature cycle, so necessity of using alternative fuels is increasing. Biodiesel stands as significant alternative fuel to diesel as thermophysical properties of biodiesel are nearer to diesel and it can be used in VCR diesel engines efficiently with proper selection of engine variables. The purpose of experimentation is to study the effect on thermal performance and emissions of Karanja oil biodiesel due to addition of Cocklebur biodiesel. In the present research work experimentation is conducted by blending Cocklebur seed oil biodiesel (20%) with Karanja oil biodiesel (80%) in VCR diesel engine altering engine variables CR, IP, IT and EGR for determining optimum conditions with best thermal performance, least emissions and compare with Karanja oil biodiesel. Taguchi Design L9 (34) Orthogonal array is applied for maximum BTE, minimum BSEC along with minimum pollutants like CO, HC, smoke and NOx. It is found that Engine operating variables are same for both the fuels except IP. It is concluded that BTE increases by 0.98% when 20% Cocklebur biodiesel is blended with Karanja biodiesel.

Performance and Emission Investigation of Margosa Oil Biodiesel

Rapid urbanization and the increasing prosperity of the world's population have led to a rise in energy demand. Humans mainly rely on energy for their standard of living and it plays an important role in the development of the country's socio-economy. Due to the increasing concerns about the environment, the scope of the investigation of alternative energy sources has increased. One of these is biodiesel, which is a type of fuel used to replace diesel. The goal of this study is to analyze the effects of Margosa biodiesel on the performance of diesel engines. It also aims to identify the optimal fuel composition for these engines. To achieve the best possible performance, various tests are conducted on a VCR-diesel engine. The data collected during the study revealed that the performance parameters of BD-10 fuel are higher than those of margosa oil. These include mechanical efficiency, brake thermal efficiency and specific fuel consumption.

An Experimental Study on the Influence of Blended Karanja Biodiesel on Diesel Engine Characteristics

The primary source of global warming is the exploitation of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is a renewable energy source that can be used to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. It has emerged as a promising alternative to petroleum-based fuels due to its lower carbon footprint. However, it is important to note that the economic and energy output of vegetable oil plants that are involved in the production of this fuel is not known. Current research trends on biodiesel fuels have been investigated on non-edible oils, which present better performance when blended with diesel. This work studies the performance of karanja-based biodiesel on VCR engines with different Diesel Blending Ratio (DBR) of 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%. Engine performance and exhaust gas analysis tests are carried out on a VCR-diesel engine at various loads to examine specific characteristics of karanja biodiesel as a fuel. As per observations, DBR 10%, 20% of biodiesel exhibited better performance than the other blended fuels. To enhance the performance of DBR 10% and 20% biodiesel were graded up with the addition of 5% Methanol. The overall performance of all blended fuels is compared in all aspects.

Impact of Diethyl Ether on Performance and Emission Characteristics of a VCR Diesel Engine Fueled by Dual Biodiesel

Biodiesel is widely known as the alternative fuel for the diesel engine, but it comes with its fair share of challenges. To minimize the pertinent drawbacks, fuel additives become an essential tool and help improve renewable fuel’s properties. In this current research, biodiesel is obtained from rice bran oil and cotton seed oil, with diethyl ether as an additive. Diethyl ether is known for good oxygen content, high cetane number, and low viscosity. Experiments were performed on a variable compression ratio engine at a compression ratio of 18:1, and the injection pressure (170 bar, 180 bar, 190 bar and 200 bar) and the injection timing (20, 21, 22 and 23°bTDC) with four different dual biodiesel blends (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% by volume). Different ratios of 1%, 2.5% and 5% of diethyl ether with biodiesel combination were examined in a single-cylinder, four-stroke diesel engine. The engine emission and performance features were discussed at different loads and constant engine speeds. It was observed that using 5% of diethyl ether with biodiesel blends improved brake thermal efficiency, brake-specific fuel consumption and decreased carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen emissions. The reduction of oxides of nitrogen emission contributes to biodiesel’s acceptability for the environment’s benefit. This investigation found that diethyl ether, along with dual biodiesel blends, has a better viability in diesel engines.

Experimental study on a computerised VCR diesel engine running on oil made by pyrolyzing waste plastic using Red mud as a catalyst

Experimental study on a computerised VCR diesel engine running on oil made by pyrolyzing waste plastic using Red mud as a catalyst

Combustion, performance and emission characteristics of CI engine fueled with diesel and hydrogen based reactor

There is a significant role of using hydrogen in engines than pure disesel, bio diesels. A combination of hydrogen at different flow rates and diesel can be used. Hydrogen tanks with storage capacity is used in vehicle which is very dangerous, so here we include a hydrogen reactor in which chemicals are mixed to produce hydrogen and can be sent to the engine along with diesel. In this work, an on-demand hydrogen generation setup was used to generate hydrogen for the purpose of burning it in the engine along with diesel under dual fuel mode. A solid-state hydrogen generation mechanism was employed in a purpose-built reactor using Sodium Borohydride (NaBH4) and Aluminium Sulphate (Al2(SO4)3) mixed in water. The experimentation was done on 4 S VCR diesel engine with single cylinder which was modified into duel fuel mode. The studies were carried with pure diesel and hydrogen at 15lit per min at 16, 17 and 18 compression ratioby holding speed to be 1500 rpm with varied loads from 0 to 12 kg with an interval of 3 kg. The cylinder pressure got increased, performance parameters like brake thermal efficiency got enhanced due to the usage of hydrogen than pure diesel. The emission parameter such as nitrogen oxide increased when hydrogen was injected.

A Hybrid Response Surface Methodology and Multi-Criteria Decision Making Model to Investigate the Performance and Emission Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Fueled With Phenolic Antioxidant Additive and Biodiesel Blends

AbstractOverconsumption of fossil fuels has accelerated global warming and raised environmental air pollution levels. Recent studies have looked into the potential use of alternative, environmentally friendly fuels for diesel engines in response to the rising need for oil. Biodiesel is a renewable alternative fuel that is environmentally friendly. The significant increase in nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions is the most notable disadvantage of biodiesel. This study examined the effect of antioxidant-treated Jatropha biodiesel on the performance and exhaust emission parameters of a VCR diesel engine. For this study, diesel, Jatropha biodiesel (B30), and phenolic antioxidant additive diphenylamine at 100 ppm are added by weight to the B30 blend named as B30 + DPA fuel blend was used. A hybrid RSM was used in conjunction with CCD and MCDM approaches such as AHP and COPRAS techniques to produce a sustainable model to derive the most accurate optimum models for output responses. From experimental findings, the antioxidant significantly reduced NOx emission. The inclusion of DPA in the tested blend lowered the average NOx emissions and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) by 7.4% and 7.8%, respectively as compared with B30. Also, the brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) of B30 + DPA is 5.01% and 0.38% higher than diesel and B30, maximum cylinder pressure (CPMax) is 0.9% higher than B30, but 3.4% lower than diesel. The optimal setting of engine input parameters is recorded at compression ratio of 15, 7.5% EGR-HOT, and 12 kg load, for optimum BP, BMEP, BSFC, CPMax, and NOx emissions. Therefore, the B30 + DPA blend is suitable for enhancing diesel engine performance and minimizing exhaust emissions.

Environmental analysis of one-step hydrothermal green synthesized MgO nanoparticles on VCR diesel engine performance using jatropha oil and lemongrass oil

Environmental analysis of one-step hydrothermal green synthesized MgO nanoparticles on VCR diesel engine performance using jatropha oil and lemongrass oil

RSM approach for optimising engine operating parameters of VCR engine fuelled with Xanthium strumarium L. seed oil biodiesel blends

With the depletion of fossil fuels, the demands for fuel prices led by OPEC are increasing so possible fuel power for the current-day diesel engine is the need of today. Biodiesel is a significant alternative fuel; however, engine parameters need to be optimised on the basis of best performance and least exhaust discharges. In this work, experimentation was carried out fuelling blends of Xanthium strumarium L. seed oil biodiesel with diesel in volumetric proportions of 10%, 20% and 30% on a VCR diesel engine under engine fluctuations of engine’s volumetric ratio, fuel injection pressure and the start of fuel injection timing. Response surface methodology was employed and modelled output responses of the engine were quadratic and observed to be statistically fit with good confidence levels. Based on the RSM optimiser, the predictions made were marked as IT 24.57580bTDC, IP-180 bar, CR-16.5657 and blend levels 29.1919%v/v with a composite desirability score of 0.6824.

Determination of the sustainability index along with energy–exergy–emission–economic analysis of a VCR diesel engine fuelled with diesel–bioethanol–Al2O3 nanoparticles

Different percentages of bioethanols made from waste rice straw blended with diesel mixed with Al2O3 nanoparticles were tested in a VCR CI engine under varying load intensities and at different compression ratios.

The effects of nanoparticles as a biodiesel ingredient on the performance of a VCR diesel engine

The combustion, efficiency, and emission properties of a single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine were examined in this research (B100A30C30). To create a homogeneous solution, the ultrasonicator was used in conjunction with a 30 ppm concentration of silicon carbide and carbon nanotubes, two common nanoparticles found in fuel combinations. The increased mixing and chemical reactivity offered by nanoparticles' greater surface area to volume ratio during combustion improved the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of diesel engines. The engine with nanoparticles (B20A30C30) had a thermal efficiency of braking that is 20% higher than the engine with regular particles (B100). Following that, nitrogen oxide emissions reduced by 38%, carbon monoxide emissions by 68%, hydrocarbon emissions by 52%, and smoke emissions by 48%.

An evaluation of biosynthesized nanoparticles in biodiesel as an enhancement of a VCR diesel engine

• Homogeneous solution is made by mixing nanoparticles such as titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO). • Enhanced mixing and improved reactivity of such nanoparticles. • Higher surface area to volume ratio is observed. • Improved engine’s performance and higher efficiency is resulted. Using three different fuel sequences –biodiesel–diesel (B20), biodiesel–chemically and biologically synthesized nanoparticles(B20A30C30), and biodiesel–chemically and biologically synthesized nanoparticles (B20A30C30). This study investigates a single-cylinder variable compression ratio diesel engine's combustion, efficiency, and emission characteristics (B100A30C30). The ultrasonicator is employed in concert with 30 parts per million (ppm) concentration of titanium oxide (TiO 2 ) and zinc oxide (ZnO), two typical nanoparticles found in fuel mixtures, to form a homogenous solution. As a result of the greater mixing and chemical reactivity offered by nanoparticles' higher surface area to volume ratio during combustion, diesel engines' combustion, performance, and emission characteristics have all been improved. The engine with nanoparticles (B20A30C30) has a 16% higher brake thermal efficiency than the engine with conventional particles (B100). Following that, nitrogen oxide emissions were reduced by 32%, carbon monoxide emissions were reduced by 62%, hydrocarbon emissions were reduced by 48%, and smoke emissions were reduced by 40%.