Vasodilation Of Blood Vessels Research Articles

Hypnotherapy Technique to Reduce Anxiety Levels in Elderly with Hypertension

Background: One of the non-pharmacological intervention that can be used is hypnotherapy. This intervention uses suggestions that will relax the client's condition so that the brain produces the hormones serotonin, endorpine, and activation of autonomic nerve responses. At the same time the neuroendocrine system will also lower levels of cortisol, glucocorticoids, gonadocorticoids, epinephrine, norepinephrine and will act directly on the alpha androgenic receptors of vascular smooth muscle, thus causing vasodilation of blood vessels, lowering total peripheral pressure and decreasing blood pressure, pulse, and breathing. Objectives: This study is to determine the effect of hypnotherapy techniques on reducing anxiety levels in elderly families with hypertension at RT 10/RW 05 Lenteng Agung, South Jakarta. Methods: This study employed a quantitative pre-experimental design with a one-group pre-test post-test approach to examine the effect of an intervention on anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension. The study population consisted of 39 elderly individuals, with 15 participants meeting the inclusion criteria. Data were collected in 2023, and the sample was selected using total sampling, consisting of 9 women and 6 men. Participants were observed before and after the intervention to assess changes in anxiety levels. Results: This study showed that after being given hypnotherapy technique treatment, the majority experienced a decrease in anxiety levels, namely mild anxiety as many as 11 elderly (73.3%) and respondents who experienced moderate anxiety as many as 4 elderly (46.7%) Conclusion: The majority of elderly individuals with hypertension experienced severe anxiety before receiving hypnosis techniques. After the application of hypnosis, most experienced a reduction in anxiety to mild levels. This demonstrates that hypnosis techniques have a significant effect in reducing anxiety levels in elderly individuals with hypertension

Reaksi Daya Tahan Kardiovaskular Atlet Terhadap Efek Intake Kafein

This research aims to provide information on the use of natural food ingredients, namely caffeine in coffee as a supplement to support athlete performance which is much better and safer for the body than the use of chemical drugs as long as it is not used as a doping method, so in this research we will look at the effect of giving coffee caffeine. before exercise on the athlete's VO2max ability. In the body, one of the effects caused by caffeine is to accelerate vasodilation of blood vessels, thereby allowing blood circulation throughout the body to be more optimal. The research method used was pre-experiment involving 25 respondents. From this research, the average value of athletes' VO2max ability before caffeine intervention was 41.02 ml/kg/min, while the average athlete's VO2max ability after caffeine intervention was 44.85 ml/kg/min. So it can be concluded that there was an increase in the average value of the athlete's VO2max ability after the caffeine intervention or in other words the administration of caffeine had an effect on the athlete's VO2max ability.

SERUM CALCIUM IS ASSOCIATED WITH PERIPHERAL AND CENTRAL BLOOD PRESSURE IN DIFFERENT SAMPLES

Objective: Calcium homeostasis plays a crucial role in both contractility and relaxation mechanisms, determining the vasoconstriction and vasodilation of blood vessels. Some studies have reported a positive correlation between serum calcium and blood pressure (BP) levels, hypertension, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes, while others have not. Given these conflicting findings, we investigated the relationship between serum calcium and BP in three distinct samples. Our objective was to confirm the existence of a positive correlation between calcium levels and BP and to assess whether this relationship extends to central BP. Design and method: Serum calcium levels were measured in a restricted sample of patients referred to our ESH Excellence Center in Verona (n=56) with a suspicion of secondary hypertension, as well as in two large population-based studies from Sweden, the Malmö Preventive Project (MPP, n= 17,843) and from United Kingdom, the UK Biobank (UKB, n= 330,000). Central BP was estimated by tonometry performed with SphygmoCor Xcel. Results: In the Verona sample, the patients, predominantly receiving antihypertensive therapy based on calcium antagonists, serum calcium correlated with central systolic BP (r=0.37; p<0.01), and this association persisted even after adjusting for age, sex, and BMI. In the MPP, baseline serum calcium was associated with both systolic (beta 0.60, 95% CI 0.30-0.89; p<0.001) and diastolic BP (beta 0.44, 95% CI 0.26-0.62; p<0.001) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, and antihypertensive therapy. Similarly, in the UKB, the association between both systolic (beta 1.79, 95% CI 1.74-1.85; p<10^15) and diastolic BP (beta 0.98, 95% CI 0.95-1.02; p<10 ^15) and serum calcium was confirmed after the same adjustments. Conclusions: In different samples, serum calcium consistently associates with increased BP. Further studies are warranted to elucidate whether this association is influenced by hormones regulating this electrolyte and/or by dietary calcium intake.

Endothelial dysfunction in breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitors: changes over time

BackgroundBreast cancer is estimated to comprise about 290,560 new cases in 2022. Aromatase inhibitors (AIs) are recommended as adjuvant treatment for estrogen-receptor positive (ER+) breast carcinoma in postmenopausal women, which includes approximately two-thirds of all women with breast cancer. AIs inhibit the peripheral conversion of androgens to estrogen by deactivation of the aromatase enzyme, leading to a reduction in serum estrogen level in postmenopausal women with ER+ breast carcinoma. Estrogen is known for its cardiovascular (CV) protective properties through a variety of mechanisms including vasodilation of blood vessels and inhibition of vascular injury resulting in the prevention of atherosclerosis. In clinical trials and prospective cohorts, the long-term use of AIs can increase the risk for hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Studies demonstrate mixed results as to the impact of AIs on actual CV events and overall survival.MethodsA single arm longitudinal study of 14 postmenopausal women with ER+ breast cancer prescribed adjuvant AIs at the University of Minnesota (UMN). Subjects with a history of known tobacco use, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes were excluded to eliminate potential confounding factors. Participants underwent routine labs, blood pressure assessments, and vascular testing at baseline (prior to starting AIs) and at six months. Vascular assessment was performed using the EndoPAT 2000 and HDI/PulseWave CR-2000 Cardiovascular Profiling System and pulse contour analysis on two occasions as previously described. Vascular measurements were conducted by one trained vascular technician. Assessments were performed in triplicate, and the mean indices were used for analyses. All subjects were on an AI at the follow-up visit. The protocol was approved by the UMN Institutional Review Board and all participants were provided written informed consent. Baseline and follow-up characteristics were compared using Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Analyses were performed using R version 3.6.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).ResultsAfter six months of AI treatment, EndoPAT® ratio declined to a median 1.12 (Q1: 0.85, Q3: 1.86; p = 0.045; Figure 1) and median estradiol levels decreased to 2 pg/mL (Q1: 2, Q3: 3; p=0.052). There was no evidence of association between change in EndoPAT® and change in estradiol level (p = 0.91). There were no statistically significant changes in small or large arterial elasticity.ConclusionsWe hypothesize that long-term use of AI can lead to persistent endothelial dysfunction, and further investigation is necessary. In our study, patients were on AI for approximately 5-10 years. As a result, we do not have data on whether these changes, such as EndoPAT® ratio and the elasticity of small and large arterial, are reversible with discontinuation of AI. These findings set the stage for a larger study to more conclusively determine the association between AI exposure and cardiovascular outcomes. Further studies should evaluate for multivariate associations withmodifiable risk factors for CV disease.

Pathological characteristic of the eye changes within dogs ophthalmopathy associated with paraneoplastic syndrome

Ophthalmopathy associated with parneoplastic syndrome is a poorly studied pathology of the dogs eye. They occur as a result of the malignant neoplasm’s systematic exposure on the animal's body. They appear in the form of non-specific clinical signs. Main objective of the study – to study the pathomorphological changes in the dog’s eyes with malignant neo-plasms. The material for the study were 30 eyeballs enucleated in dogs in the terminal stage of cancer. Autopsy material obtained from animals was subjected to standard histological processing. As a result of histological studies, pathomorphological changes in eyeball structures associated with Patnaik G2 and G3 mastocytomas (28.6% of cases), liver and kidney carcinomas (28.6%), lymphoma (28.6%) and spleen hemangiosarcoma (14.2%) were revealed in 46.7% of cases. The main histopathological changes were thickening of the iris due to inflammatory cellular infiltration (57.1%) and vasodilation of blood vessels (42.9%), the presence of fibrinous hemorrhagic exudate in the anterior chamber of the eye (28.6%), edema and inflammatory infiltration of the vascular membrane proper (42.9%), thinning, loss of layering and weak retinal atrophy (42.9%). The revealed histological changes indicate the predominant involvement in the pathological process of the vascular membrane of the eye with a violation of the hematophthalmic barrier, as the main pathogenetic mechanism for the development of endogenous uveitis against the background of malignant neoplasm in the animal body.

Current Technologies and Future Perspectives in Immunotherapy towards a Clinical Oncology Approach.

Immunotherapy is now established as a potent therapeutic paradigm engendering antitumor immune response against a wide range of malignancies and other diseases by modulating the immune system either through the stimulation or suppression of immune components such as CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, B cells, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, and natural killer cells. By targeting several immune checkpoint inhibitors or blockers (e.g., PD-1, PD-L1, PD-L2, CTLA-4, LAG3, and TIM-3) expressed on the surface of immune cells, several monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies have been developed and already translated clinically. In addition, natural killer cell-based, dendritic cell-based, and CAR T cell therapies have been also shown to be promising and effective immunotherapeutic approaches. In particular, CAR T cell therapy has benefited from advancements in CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology, allowing the generation of several modified CAR T cells with enhanced antitumor immunity. However, the emerging SARS-CoV-2 infection could hijack a patient's immune system by releasing pro-inflammatory interleukins and cytokines such as IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10, and IFN-γ and TNF-α, respectively, which can further promote neutrophil extravasation and the vasodilation of blood vessels. Despite the significant development of advanced immunotherapeutic technologies, after a certain period of treatment, cancer relapses due to the development of resistance to immunotherapy. Resistance may be primary (where tumor cells do not respond to the treatment), or secondary or acquired immune resistance (where tumor cells develop resistance gradually to ICIs therapy). In this context, this review aims to address the existing immunotherapeutic technologies against cancer and the resistance mechanisms against immunotherapeutic drugs, and explain the impact of COVID-19 on cancer treatment. In addition, we will discuss what will be the future implementation of these strategies against cancer drug resistance. Finally, we will emphasize the practical steps to lay the groundwork for enlightened policy for intervention and resource allocation to care for cancer patients.

The Effectiveness of Lemon Aromatherapy on Blood Pressure in Hypertension Patients in Modopuro Public Health Center, Mojokerto

Hypertension is systolic blood pressure increases above 140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure increases above 90 mmHg. One of the hypertension treatments is non-pharmacological therapy by giving lemon aromatherapy, which is helpful as an antioxidant, strengthens and vasodilation of blood vessels, and controls blood pressure. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of lemon aromatherapy on blood pressure in hypertension patients at Modopuro Public Health Center Mojokerto. The research design used pre-experimental with a one-group pre-post test design approach. The sample used 35 respondents with a purposive sampling technique. The research instrument used a digital tensimeter and a blood pressure observation sheet. Statistical analysis test used the Paired t-test. The results showed that the mean systolic blood pressure before intervention was 158.34 mmHg, and the mean systolic blood pressure after intervention was 144.42 mmHg. The results showed a significant difference between systolic blood pressure before and after giving lemon aromatherapy in hypertension patients (p-value = 0.000; α <0.05). Lemon aromatherapy can decrease blood pressure in hypertension patients, affecting the olfactory and circulatory nervous systems. When aromatherapy is inhaled, the olfactory nerve delivers impulses to the brain and stimulates the production of endorphins, which can calm and relax the body. That mechanism can cause vasodilation of blood vessels and a decrease in heart rate so that blood pressure will decrease. 
 Keywords: Lemon Aromatherapy, Blood Pressure, Hypertension

APPLICATIONS OF DIABETIC FOOT EXERCISE TO INCREASE FOOT SENSITIVITY IN ELDERLY WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the global health emergencies. Approximately 40-59% of all people with diabetes mellitus will experience diabetic peripheral neuropathy with decreased foot sensitivity. Diabetic foot exercise can improve blood circulation, especially in the legs or lower limbs. This case study was aimed to determine the increased foot sensitivity in elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus after diabetic foot exercise. Methods: This case study design used a descriptive method with a family nursing care approach. The case study will be carried out at Sendangmulyo, Semarang in June 2023. There were 3 clients in the family developmental stage of the elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. Inclusion criteria in this study were type 2 diabetics aged ≥ 60 years, female, diagnosed of diabetes > 5 years, and having controlled OADs. While the exclusion criteria were type 2 diabetics with diabetic ulcers. Clients are given foot exercises for 7 days with a duration of 30-45 minutes each. The case study instrument was 10g Retractable Monofilament with a diameter of 0.4 mm. Results: After 7 days of intervention, there was an increased foot sensitivity, with a mean increased score on right and left foot of 0,43 and 0,33. Conclusions: Diabetic foot exercise for 7 days with a duration of 30-45 minutes can increase foot sensitivity in elderly with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Increased foot sensitivity is due to peripheral blood vessel vasodilation. Diabetic foot exercise can be applied as an independent measure to prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy

Controlled and customizable baculovirus NOS3 gene delivery using PVA-based hydrogel systems.

Nitric oxide synthase 3 (NOS3) eluting polyvinyl alcohol-based hydrogels have a large potential in medical applications and device coatings. NOS3 promotes nitric oxide and nitrate production and can effectively be delivered using insect cell viruses, termed baculoviruses. Nitric oxide is known for regulating cell proliferation, promoting blood vessel vasodilation, and inhibiting bacterial growth. The polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)-based hydrogels investigated here sustained baculovirus elution from five to 25 days, depending on the hydrogel composition. The quantity of viable baculovirus loaded significantly declined with each freeze-thaw from one to four (15.3 ± 2.9% vs. 0.9 ± 0.5%, respectively). The addition of gelatin to the hydrogels protected baculovirus viability during the freeze-thaw cycles, resulting in a loading capacity of 94.6 ± 1.2% with sustained elution over 23 days. Adding chitosan, PEG-8000, and gelatin to the hydrogels altered the properties of the hydrogel, including swelling, blood coagulation, and antimicrobial effects, beneficial for different therapeutic applications. Passive absorption of the baculovirus into PVA hydrogels exhibited the highest baculovirus loading (96.4 ± 0.6%) with elution over 25 days. The baculovirus-eluting hydrogels were hemocompatible and non-cytotoxic, with no cell proliferation or viability reduction after incubation. This PVA delivery system provides a method for high loading and sustained release of baculoviruses, sustaining nitric oxide gene delivery. This proof of concept has clinical applications as a medical device or stent coating by delivering therapeutic genes, improving blood compatibility, preventing thrombosis, and preventing infection.

The Effect Of Warm Water Therapy On Reducing Spinal Pain In Pregnant Women At Antang Health Center In Makassar City

Spinal pain in pregnancy is caused by hormonal, musculoskeletal, and stressful changes. Spinal pain in pregnancy if left untreated will have an impact on the quality of life and daily activities of pregnant women The management of spinal pain in pregnancy can include pharmacological and non-pharmacological. Non-pharmacological pain management is warm water therapy. Warm water therapy provides the effect of rirelaxation, vasodilation of blood vessels, removes metabolic waste that is no longer in use, and reduces muscle spasmsThe purpose of this study is to determine the effect of warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022 This research is a quantitative study with a quasi-experimental design non-equivalent with one group pre-test post-test. The total population of 64 respondents with a sample of 30 respondents who met the inclusion criteria, the independent variable was warm water therapy and the dependent variable was the reduction of spinal pain in pregnant women. The results of the spinal pain scale study before warm water therapy were carried out on a moderate pain scale (4-6) there were 15 respondents with a percentage (50%). And after a warm compress was carried out, there were 18 respondents with a percentage (60%). The result of p value is 0.000 (<0.05), so Ha is accepted. There is an effect of providing warm water therapy on reducing spinal pain in pregnant women at the Rsu at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022The conclusion of this study is the effect of warm water therapy on reducing bone pain in pregnant women at the Antang Health Center, Makassar City in 2022. It is hoped that there will be further research on other non-pharmacological techniques against spinal pain in pregnancy.

Yoga Practice on Reducing Menstrual Pain Intensity (Dysmenorrhea) in Adolescent Girls: Literature Review

Most women experience severe pain problems during menstruation, usually called dysmenorrhea. Yoga practice can reduce body, mind, and psychic tension, reduce pain, and release endorphins to increase the response of the parasympathetic nerves which causes vasodilation of blood vessels throughout the body and uterus, and increases uterine blood flow thereby reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea. This study aimed to determine the effect of yoga practice on reducing menstrual pain intensity (dysmenorrhea) in adolescent girls. This study used a literature review design using 3 databases, namely PubMed, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. The results showed that in the study, the exercises used were yoga with a percentage of 100% using yoga practice interventions. Yoga practice was done within 30-60 minutes per session with a period of 1-3 times a week. Menstrual pain in adolescents who were given yoga practice in the journal experienced a decrease in pain intensity with p = 0.05. Yoga can stimulate the body to release endorphins and enkephalins, inhibiting pain. Yoga is performed by relaxing the endometrial muscles when contractions and ischemia occur due to increased prostaglandin levels, which will cause vasodilation of blood vessels and cause blood flow to experience spasms and spasms ischemia and then reduce pain. Yoga will change the pattern of pain acceptance towards calming the body and will gradually recover from pain disorders. Yoga practice can be an alternative to reduce the intensity of menstrual pain in adolescent girls.

Osmotic-Induced Reconfiguration and Activation in Membranized Coacervate-Based Protocells.

The design and construction of synthetic protocells capable of stimuli response and homeostatic regulation is an important challenge for synthetic protobiology. Here, we develop a step toward the construction of model protocells capable of a hypotonic stress-induced volume response that facilitates an increase in membrane permeability and the triggering of endogenous enzyme reactions. We describe a facile self-transformation process for constructing single- or multichambered molecularly crowded protocells based on the osmotic reconfiguration of lipid-coated coacervate droplets into multicompartmentalized coacervate vesicles. Hypotonic swelling broadens membrane permeability and increases transmembrane transport such that protease-based hydrolysis and enzyme cascades can be triggered and enhanced within the protocells by osmotically induced expansion. Specifically, we demonstrate how the enhanced production of nitric oxide (NO) within the swollen coacervate vesicles can be used to induce in vitro blood vessel vasodilation in thoracic artery rings. Our approach provides opportunities for designing reconfigurable model protocells capable of homeostatic volume regulation, dynamic structural reorganization, and adaptive functionality in response to changes in environment osmolarity, and could find applications in biomedicine, cellular diagnostics, and bioengineering.

Expressions of β-Tryptase and Chymase in Lung Mast Cells due to Anaphylactic Shock through Histopathological Appearance at Different Post-Mortem Intervals

Highlights: The post-mortem interval is related to tryptase and chymase expressions in anaphylactic shock incidence Forensic experts can utilize tryptase and chymase as markers of anaphylactic (non-anaphylactoid) shock that occurs in the lungs. Abstract: Anaphylactic shock is a hypersensitivity response, a commonly type I hypersensitivity involving immunoglobulin E (IgE). It is caused by an antigen-antibody reaction that occurs immediately after a sensitive antigen enters the circulation. Anaphylactic shock is a clinical manifestation of anaphylaxis that is distributive shock, characterized by hypotension due to sudden blood vessel vasodilation and accompanied by a collapse in blood circulation that can result in death. β-tryptase and mast cell chymase expressions in the lungs of histopathological specimens that had experienced anaphylactic shock were examined at different post-mortem intervals in this study. A completely randomized design (CRD) method was employed by collecting lung samples every three hours within 24 hours of death, and then preparing histopathological and immunohistochemical preparations. The mast cell tryptase and chymase expressions were counted and summed up in each field of view, and the average was calculated to represent each field of view. The univariate analysis yielded p-values of 0.008 at the 15-hour post-mortem interval, and 0.002 at the 12-hour post-mortem interval. It was concluded that tryptase and chymase can be utilized as markers of anaphylactic (non-anaphylactoid) shock in the lungs.

Effects of age on hypoxic tolerance in women

Effects of age on hypoxic tolerance in women

Foot Bath with warm water for hypertension therapy : A narrative review

Soak feet with warm water is a combined therapy method of thermotherapy and hydrotherapy that works to release istamine and bradykinin. The release of istamine and bradykinin causes vasodilation of blood vessels. The purpose of the study: to identify the effect of soaking the feet with warm water on lowering blood pressure. Method:This research is a quantitative research with a systematic review method. The research design used was Randomized Controlled Trials (RCT) with 9 studies.Results:Obtained from 9 studies the average p-value <0.05. p-value of diastolic blood pressure was 0.00 and p-value of systolic blood pressure was 0.00. Conclusion:Warm water therapy can be put incomplementary therapy groupcare for hypertensive patients. However, the temperature and duration of soaking the feet with warm water must be considered in order to avoid hypotension or low blood pressure

EFEK PEMBERIAN BLANKET WARMER TERHADAP THERMOREGULASI PASIEN PERIOPERATIF TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF THE PROSTATE (TURP)

Perioperatively in BPH patients who underwent TURP action caused thermoregulation disturbances which resulted in a decrease in temperature (hypothermia). This can occur due to exposure to environmental temperatures that are too extreme and the effects of anesthetic drugs during intraoperatively which can cause vasodilation of blood vessels and blocked sympathetic nerves so that they dominate the performance of the parasympathetic nerves. The purpose of the study was to determine the effectiveness of the Blanket Warmer in perioperative TURP patients at the Central Surgical Installation of Tarakan Hospital, Jakarta. The design of this study used a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest with control group design. The research sample was 48 respondents of TURP perioperative patients. The sampling technique was accidental sampling, the statistical test used was Paired t test. The results of the univariate analysis showed that the highest age was 50 years, about 89%, a history of drug consumption 54.2%, and a history of alcohol consumption as much as 29.2%. Bivariate test analysis between the intervention group and the control group obtained a p value of 0.001 <0.05, which means that there is a significant difference in the two groups. The multivariate test obtained p value > 0.05, meaning that the variables of age, history of drug consumption and history of alcohol consumption did not have a significant effect on thermoregulation stability. That there is an effect of giving a Blanket Warmer on the stability of thermoregulation in perioperative TURP patients. Suggestions for further research that a blanet warmer can stabilize thermoregulation in perioperative TURP patients at the Central Surgical Installation of Tarakan Hospital Jakarta. Keywords: TURP, Blanket Warmer, Thermoregulation Stability

Analysis of Preeclampsia in Pregnant Women Reviewing from Vascular Disorders due to Endothelial Dysfunction

Preeclampsia is a multisythemic disorder in pregnancy. Some theories reveal that PE is a result of imuune and hormonal response disorders during pregnancy. In the preeclampsia there is a endothelial dysfunction in the controlling vascular function to respond to blood composition and function disorder as a physical barrier to the exchange of fluid, ion proteins and cells from the blood through the vasculer wall. In addition, there is a decrease in angiogenesis and vasodilatation of blood vessels in response to oxygen pressure and mechanical stress like shear stress. Analyzing the incidence of preeclampsia in pregnant women in terms of vascular disorders doe to endothelial dysfunction. Design : observational, a cross sectional approach. Probability sampling using random sampling. Statistical analysis logistic regression. Data processing Hosmer and Lemeshow Test. Assumption of the amount of influence a summary model. PE incidence of pregnant woman 94 (6.15%), 53 people (56.4%) PE, 41 (43.6%) PEB.

Pencegah Masalah Gerak Dan Fungsi Tubuh Pada Masyarakat Tlogosari Wetan Pedurungan, Semarang

Health is a state of health, both physically, mentally, spiritually and socially, which enables everyone to live a productive life socially and economically. Public health is a condition that describes the level of health that occurs in society. Society is a group of individuals who live together, work together to obtain common interests and have an order of life, norms and customs that are adhered to in their environment. Public Health is a part of science that discusses and studies the prevention and treatment of disease in each individual. Some of the conditions found in the community include complaints of knee pain and back pain. The most common knee pain is osteoarthritis. Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. This disease occurs as a result of degenerative joints that affect many joint tissues. This problem arises when the protective cartilage at the ends of bones becomes damaged over time. Osteoarthritis usually occurs at the age of 40-60 years. This is caused by the process of degeneration occurring in old age. Apart from osteoarthritis, shoulder diseases are also found, such as spasms and trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle. One of the interventions or modalities provided by infrared physiotherapy. Infrared is one of the physiotherapy modalities in providing services to patients with the aim of causing a relaxation effect and reducing pain. Infrared is a peacock wave that can relieve pain and stiffness in joints and muscles. The process of vasodilation of blood vessels produced by infrared light can accelerate the removal of several pain-stimulating chemicals including bradykinin, serotonin, histamine, and proteolytic enzymes. As well as prostaglandins and substance P which increase the sensitivity of the endings of pain fibers, so that ultimately infrared can reduce the intensity of pain. Apart from providing physiotherapy intervention, they also provide socialization or counseling to the community according to the condition they are complaining about. Providing explanations regarding conditions or complaints from each community by providing education and home programs.

The role of angiotensin II and relaxin in vascular adaptation to pregnancy.

There is a pregnancy-induced vasodilation of blood vessels, which is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular function and can be maintained postpartum. This review outlines the cardiovascular changes that occur in a healthy human and rodent pregnancy, as well as different pathways that are activated by angiotensin II and relaxin that result in blood vessel dilation. During pregnancy, systemic and uteroplacental blood flow increase to ensure an adequate blood supply that carries oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus. This results in changes to the function of the maternal cardiovascular system. There is also a pregnancy-induced vasodilation of blood vessels, which is known to have a protective effect on cardiovascular health/function. Additionally, there is evidence that the effects of maternal vascular vasodilation are maintained post-partum, which may reduce the risk of developing high blood pressure in the next pregnancy and reduce cardiovascular risk later in life. At both non-pregnant and pregnant stages, vascular endothelial cells produce a number of vasodilators and vasoconstrictors, which transduce signals to the contractile vascular smooth muscle cells to control the dilation and constriction of blood vessels. These vascular cells are also targets of other vasoactive factors, including angiotensin II (Ang II) and relaxin. The binding of Ang II to its receptors activates different pathways to regulate the blood vessel vasoconstriction/vasodilation, and relaxin can interact with some of these pathways to induce vasodilation. Based on the available literature, this review outlines the cardiovascular changes that occur in a healthy human pregnancy, supplemented by studies in rodents. A specific focus is placed on vasodilation of blood vessels during pregnancy; the role of endothelial cells and endothelium-derived vasodilators will also be discussed. Additionally, different pathways that are activated by Ang II and relaxin that result in blood vessel dilation will also be reviewed.

Abstract 6160: Tie2-mediated AMPK activation by ferritin-based protein C nanoparticles inhibits advanced prostate cancer development through induction of vasodilation

Abstract Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies and the second-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in men in Western countries. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is an initial systemic therapy for advanced PCa, but almost all cancer eventually becomes castration resistant. Recently, we introduced ferritin-based protein C nanoparticles (PCNs), known as TFG and TFMG, which enhance normalization of the tumor vasculature. However, the exact underlying mechanism how PCNs induces AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and anti-tumor activity in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains unknown. Here, we investigated the role of PCNs for CRPC development in endothelial cells. We found that TFMG inhibits prostate cancer castration resistance by activating AMPK through the Tie2-mediated signaling pathway. TFMG treatment increased AMPK phosphorylation at Thr172 and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) at Ser79 in EA.hy926 cells. TFMG treatment also significantly increased the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) with inducing nitric oxide (NO) production in EA.hy926 cells. In addition, TFMG treatment induced the vasodilatory effect in isolated rat mesenteric resistance arteries (MRAs), which was blocked by NO synthase inhibitor L-NAME. Interestingly, these effects were all abolished by pretreatment with Compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), rebastinib (selective Tie2 Inhibitor), AMPK knockdown using siRNA, or dominant negative AMPKα recombinant adenovirus. Finally, we found that TFMG functionally abrogates CRPC development in mouse model. In summary, TFMG exerted vasodilatation through activating Tie2/AMPK/eNOS signaling in endothelial cells, which leads to the overcoming vasoconstriction induced ADT. This study provides the potential value of TFMG in vasodilation of blood vessels leading suppression of CRPC development. Citation Format: You Mie Lee, Ji-Hak Jeong, Hyunha Jang, Jihye You. Tie2-mediated AMPK activation by ferritin-based protein C nanoparticles inhibits advanced prostate cancer development through induction of vasodilation [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 6160.