Abstract Background and Aims Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) superficialization is a recommended alternative autologous vascular access (VA) in patients for whom conventional AVF creation is not possible because of insufficient forearm vessels. This procedure utilizes a deeply located vein as an outflow conduit in AVF creation and makes the vein accessible for cannulation. Tunnel transposition (TT) is employed in a standard manner as a venous superficialization technique. This is accomplished by tunneling the transected vein through a subcutaneous tunnel. However, TT is frequently associated with stenosis at the area of transposition because the transposed vein is torsed, kinked, or compressed by external tissue. Thus, TT tends to be exclusively applied to the basilic vein in the upper arm considering both the anatomic positional relation and the inherent limitations of this procedure. We recently reported that elevation transposition (ET) can serve as a practical substitute for TT (Contrib Nephrol. 2019:198:1-11). ET is a simplified minimally invasive superficialization approach in which the vein is elevated and positioned in a subcutaneous pocket immediately beneath the incision. In AVF superficialization employing ET (i.e., fistula elevation procedure [FEP]), three potential outflow veins are available in the upper arm: the cephalic, basilic, and brachial veins. This study was performed to comprehensively evaluate the clinical consequences of three valid FEP techniques to ascertain whether they are reasonable alternatives to autologous VA and which, if any, have superior performance. Method The demographic and outcome data of 111 patients who underwent the FEP from April 2016 to June 2023 were retrospectively collected and analyzed. The outcomes of the three fistula techniques were assessed and compared in terms of patency rates, requirements for VA intervention therapy (VAIVT), and complication rates. Results The mean follow-up period was 36.2 ± 20.1 (range, 1.3-80.8) months. The basilic, cephalic, and brachial vein-based FEP was performed in 63.1%, 23.4%, and 13.5% of cases, respectively. The overall cumulative primary and secondary patency rates were 76.2% and 98.2% at 1 year and 70.7% and 97.0% at 2 years, respectively. VAIVT was required in 32.4% of cases, and the patency rates at 1 and 2 years after VAIVT were 65.3% and 62.0%, respectively. There were no significant differences in these patency rates among the three FEP types. Minor complications such as lymphorrhea or epidermolysis occurred in only 4.5% of cases. Conclusion Our results suggest that the FEP provides three equivalently reliable options to accommodate the deeply located venous anatomy of the upper arm on individual-patient basis. The diversity of the FEP may contribute to avoiding prosthetic VA and central venous catheter-based dialysis, at least in part, by expanding the applicability of the autologous VA.