Various Ways Of Coping Research Articles

The ethical coping and solution of stressful situations of social workers: Case of the Office of Labor, Social Affairs and Family in Slovakia

<p>Ethics, human behavior and stress management are concepts that accompany each person’s private and professional life. As thoughtful beings, we encounter unpleasant or stressful situations every day. In the comfort of home, behind closed doors, people resort to various ways of coping with stress, but when they are in common work areas, close to clients or colleagues, the inability to escape from stress often provokes inappropriate reactions and behavior. The obligation to behave ethically is all the higher, the closer contact with clients has the employee. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the state of ethical coping and solution of stressful situations of a social workers in the Office of Labor, Social Affairs and Family in the selected city in Slovakia and then propose recommendations that could improve the situation.</p>

University Students' Employment Anxiety and Ways of Coping in the Context of Incomplete Learning During the Pandemic Period: A Qualitative Research

University students' employment anxiety is affected by economic crises, pandemics, lack of experience, incomplete learning, unemployment rates of the country, the department of study, occupational goals and environmental factors of individuals. This study aims to determine which factors affect university students' employment anxiety and to explore the impact of learning losses experienced during the pandemic on employment anxiety and the coping strategies developed by students. For this reason, qualitative research method was used in the current study. In the research, categories and codes were created using the Maxqda 2022 package program. Research data were collected through two different methods: focus-group interviews and semi-structured interviews. The sample of the study consisted of 16 participants, 9 female and 7 male. As a result, in addition to individual and environmental factors, incomplete learning experienced with the pandemic period affects university students' employment anxiety, and students have developed various ways of coping with them.

Health behaviors of nursing staff in the use of preventive programs, coping with stress and the impact of additional workload

Introduction Health behaviors play an important role in preserving, maintaining and improving health. These are actions and behaviors selected by humans, which, based on specific knowledge, remain in a significant relationship with health. Nursing staff, due to their knowledge, skills and duties enshrined in the Act on the Professions of Nurses and Midwives, through their own model of behavior and actions, should encourage appropriate health attitudes. Aim of the study The aim of the study was to learn about selected health behaviors in the use of preventive programs, coping with stress and the impact of additional workload among the nursing staff employed at the Railway Hospital in Wilkowice. Material and methods: The research was carried out using the diagnostic survey method and a standardized scale - Juczyński's Health Behavior Inventory on a group of 100 nurses. Results: The group of surveyed nurses was characterized by the highest health behaviors in terms of positive mental attitude and proper eating habits, lower in terms of preventive behaviors and health practices. Only 63% of the respondents used prevention programmes. In addition, it was observed that abnormal health behaviors were more common among nurses working additionally in another health care facility. Conclusions: The surveyed nurses used preventive programs on average and manifested health practices at an average level, which was influenced by the burden of additional work. They chose various ways of coping with stress, which were not always pro-health, therefore postgraduate education should emphasize the development of these skills, and nurses should be able to use psychologists employed in hospitals.

Stigma-related predictors of help-seeking for problem gambling

Stigma has been identified as a common barrier to help-seeking for problem gambling behaviors, and it is estimated that globally, only 20% of those who experience gambling problems seek help. Despite existing knowledge that stigma can play a substantial role in peoples’ willingness to seek help, there is a paucity of gambling-related research focused on stigma. In order to improve understanding of the relationships between problem gambling, gambling-related stigma, and help-seeking, this study aimed to examine how different types of stigma and various ways of coping with stigma relate to help-seeking behavior. A sample of N = 355 people who had experienced past six-month problem gambling (n = 47 help-seekers and n = 308 non-help-seekers) completed an online survey about their gambling and help-seeking behaviors and experiences with gambling-related stigma. Results showed that help-seeking was positively predicted by experienced stigma, negatively predicted by ostracism-related perceived stigma, and negatively predicted by the use of secrecy to cope with stigma. Implications of this research include an improved understanding of the relationship between stigma and help-seeking behavior, which can inform the development of more effective treatment strategies for individuals who seek help for problem gambling.

A Phenomenological Study on Online Learning Set-up: Challenges and Coping Mechanisms of Senior High Students

During this pandemic, it is expected that students are to experience challenges in their learning with this new system. Thus, as a way to support themselves in their own homes, they find ways to cope that ease the weight of their challenges. According to Petroski?s theory, the impact of the sudden changes of online learning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic forced academic institutions and school faculty to try new learning set up to maintain the learning environment of the students. For many students, the sudden shift in their learning environment challenged their capability to transit from an environment that they are new (or they aren't used to) and make a new experience that contradicted themselves as learners for as they didn't have a choice to become online students. In this study, the researchers determine the different challenges the student participants are facing in this new learning system and their various ways of coping with it. The overall results of this study may benefit our educational system to be aware of the challenges the students are currently experiencing. It may help to support better and more efficient solutions for the teachers and students to fully adapt and significantly benefit and use their highest potential in learning with this new learning modality. This study employs the qualitative method to describe the challenges and coping mechanisms of the students in the Senior High School Department of LNU-ILS. In collecting and analyzing the data, A focus group discussion was held consisting of 5 student participants from the SHS department. The data gathered were then analyzed through a thematic analysis method, which yielded a significant range of challenges experienced by the senior high school students, from their personal, social, technical, and workplace challenges to various coping mechanisms with the said challenges.

Coping with second home tourism: responses and strategies of private and public service providers in western Sweden

Second homes have increasingly gained academic attention, not least within tourism research. Nevertheless, most studies have addressed the topic from the perspective of the second home owners, highlighting issues such as motivation for second home ownership, use patterns, geographical location, and meanings of second homes. Even the impacts of second homes have mainly been addressed as the accumulated outcome of their owners’ decisions. Hence, second homes have mainly been conceptualized as personal/family projects. Relatively little research has been done on the ways local communities cope with second home tourism. This is the departure point for this paper, with the purpose of analysing coping strategies among public and private stakeholders regarding second home tourism. It is argued that communities have various ways of coping, ranging from resistance to resource utilization. The proposed conceptual framework is empirically applied to the case of the Swedish West Coast. In an interview survey of public and private service providers, different strategies are identified. The results of the survey indicate that second home owners are increasingly seized on as a resource that can be utilized for business development. Ultimately, institutional preconditions imply that second homes remain a challenge for local municipalities.

Young children with severe congenital malformations (VACTERL) expressed mixed feelings about their condition and worries about needles and anaesthesia.

Our knowledge of the perceptions that children with severe congenital malformations have of their health, treatment and how to improve hospital care is limited. This study focused on patients with vertebral defects, anal atresia, cardiac defects, tracheo-oesophageal fistula, renal anomalies and limb abnormalities (VACTERL). We interviewed 10 children aged five to eight years with VACTERL association who were treated in a Swedish tertiary paediatric surgical centre, using a computer-assisted technique called In My Shoes. The interviews were analysed by qualitative content analysis. The children described their awareness of their health history and said they felt proud but different due to their physical dysfunction. They were happy to visit the hospital to meet familiar staff, but expressed negative feelings about missing normal life. They were afraid of needle-related procedures and not wakening up after anaesthesia. Various ways of coping with difficult situations were expressed, and suggestions to improve hospital care were voiced. Careful follow-up of these children by multidisciplinary teams is crucial to optimise their health and functional status. Fear of medical procedures may be reduced by carefully delivered information, listening to the children, providing continuity of care and creating individual care strategies.

Cognitive correlates of hoarding symptoms: An exploratory study with a non-Western community sample

The cognitive behavioral model of hoarding, focusing on real/perceived deficits in cognitive processes, beliefs about possessions and avoidance, is mainly supported by several studies with Western samples. However, owing to the possible impact of cultural characteristics, more research is needed to support cognitive correlates of hoarding in a variety of cultures and to understand the role of the various ways of coping. Hence, the present study examines the relationships between certain cognitive constructs, namely attachment to possessions, indecisiveness, metacognitive beliefs and ways of coping with hoarding symptoms. We collected data from a Turkish community sample using self-report measures and performed correlation and regression analyses. The results confirmed the roles of indecisiveness, emotional attachment to belongingness, positive and negative beliefs about worries and cognitive confidence in hoarding symptoms. Moreover, the following factors also seemed to be associated with these symptoms: greater use of indirect ways of coping, including escape/avoidance, belief in supernatural forces, accepting responsibility, keeping to self, and less use of planned problem solving. In addition to highlighting the role of culture-specific descriptions and empirical studies, the current findings may be viewed as preliminary evidence that validates the current model and roles of various ways of coping.

Regulation of anxiety behind quiet adaptation

The paper draws on material from a young child observation undertaken by a Chinese observer in Beijing, China. It focuses on how the observed child adapted rather quietly to his first year in nursery. He never cried, nor did he create a scene or seek special attention. Ironically, the observer was drawn to him exactly because of this lack of drama and his apparent indifference to her. This indifference aroused a strong countertransference in the observer. Closer observation revealed the possibility of equally strong feelings behind the child's various ways of coping and of defending himself against distress, anxiety and other feelings related to the transition from home to nursery. Over time, he showed more and different aspects of himself, signalling development in the relationship with the nursery staff, his peers and the observer in a significant period of transition for any toddler.

Problem-focused and emotion-focused coping options and loneliness: how are they related?

We examine the extent to which coping options endorsed by older adults help alleviate loneliness, and experiences with loneliness influence the coping options. Two ways of coping are distinguished: problem-focused, i.e., improving one's relationships, and emotion-focused, i.e., lowering one's expectations about relationships. Loneliness is assessed using three observations over 6years among 1,033 61- to 99-year-old respondents in the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam. Combining the first two observations yielded four loneliness types: not lonely at T0 and T1, recently lonely, persistently lonely, and recovered from loneliness. Between the second and third observations, respondents were asked to evaluate which coping options lonely peers described in various vignettes had. From this, individual coping scores were calculated. The option to improve relationships did not affect the likelihood of one's own loneliness, and the option to lower expectations even increased it. Compared to non-lonely respondents, recently lonely ones endorsed both ways of coping equally frequently, persistently lonely ones endorsed improving relationships less frequently and lowering expectations more frequently and recovered respondents endorsed improving relationships equally frequently and lowering expectations more frequently. We conclude that considering various ways of coping does not help alleviate loneliness and that persistently lonely and recovered respondents are at risk of a circular process with loneliness experiences resulting in considering lowering expectations more frequently, which results in a greater likelihood of loneliness, thus contributing to sustaining or re-establishing loneliness.

Managing Transaction Costs in International Production: Evidence on Entrepreneurship from Case Studies in the Netherlands

This era of globalization is characterized by an ongoing international fragmentation of production where the supply chain is split up in more and more parts. The traditional Ricardian theory of trade in products governed by comparative advantages is replaced by a modern theory of trade in tasks. This trend requires new entrepreneurial skills in the organization of production. Tasks are outsourced to those places in the world where the lower production costs outweigh the additional transaction costs associated with the fragmentation of production. This managing of transaction costs, which we label transaction management, has become a major entrepreneurial skill in transaction economies like the Netherlands. It is determinant for the make or buy and location decisions. This paper investigates the practice of transaction management by using data from in-depth interviews with seven companies in the Netherlands which are actually engaged in this modern way of organizing production. It shows that the various ways of coping with transaction costs in the organization of production play an important role in the strategic decision making of the internationally operating entrepreneurs. However, transaction costs are only intuitively dealt with in organizing production. Therefore it seems that support from more formal argumentation, based on the theories of transaction cost economics and new institutional economics, is warranted.

Conceptual Analysis and Implications of Students’ Individual Differences to Curriculum Implementation in Technical Education

Individual differences refer to the unique ways each human being differ from another being as expressed in behaviour or perceived in the physical appearance. Three factors of individual differences identified to be closely related to learning/acquisition of skills and performance of tasks. These are personality dimensions, self-efficacy and abilities. These factors individually and collectively have implications to implementation of curriculum in technical education. These implications presents the technical teacher with the challenges of understanding the students and planning instruction with due consideration to the needs, abilities, personalities and other individual differences related characteristics of the students. Among the various ways of coping with individual differences in curriculum implementation is through individualized instruction, the use of ICTs and software as Discrete Educational Software (DES), the use of problem-based or planning production and demonstration (PPD) to supplement classroom / workshop instructions.

Coping with loneliness: What do older adults suggest?

Objectives: A limited amount of information is available on how older adults cope with loneliness. Two ways of coping are distinguished here, i.e., active coping by improving relationships and regulative coping by lowering expectations about relationships. We explore how often older adults suggest these options to their lonely peers in various situations and to what extent individual resources influence their suggestions. Method: After introducing them to four vignettes of lonely individuals, discriminating with regard to age, partner status, and health, 1187 respondents aged 62–100 from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were asked whether this loneliness can be alleviated by using various ways of coping. Results: In general, both ways of coping were often suggested. However, regression analyses revealed that active coping was suggested less often to people who are older, in poor health, or lonely and by older adults who were employed in midlife and have high self-esteem. Regulative coping was suggested more often to people who are older and by older adults with a low educational level and with low mastery. Conclusions: Coping with loneliness by actively removing the stressor is less often seen as an option for and by the people who could benefit most from it. This underlines the difficulty of combating loneliness.

A Multidimensional Approach to Explore Cross-Cultural Differences in Coping Behavior: Comparing Druze and Jews in Israel

ABSTRACT Assuming that culture is a multidimensional variable, the current study explored the possibility that the interactions between ethnicity and other culture-related variables—rather than ethnicity alone—will better describe differences in coping behavior. In the study, cross-cultural differences among Israeli Jews and Israeli Druze in the use of various ways of coping were examined while also taking into account respondents' gender, age, self-esteem, sense of coherence, national identification, and religiosity. Comparing Israeli Jews and Israeli Druze, results indicate significant differences in levels of religiosity and coherence. Referring to coping behavior, findings show that differences in ways of coping could be attributed mainly to gender differences rather than ethnic differences Thus, at least in the case of comparing Israeli Jews vs. Israeli Druze, religiosity and gender are powerful determinants of coping behavior, while ethnicity has only a limited contribution in explaining variance in a preferred way of coping. It is suggested that ethnicity has a moderating role in shaping coping behavior, as it might influence person's self-perception and level of emotionality, which in turn shape the person's ways of coping. Future explorations among various age and ethnic groups are needed to enable generalization of the current study findings.

The religiousness as a way of coping with anxiety in women with breast cancer at different disease stages

Anxiety is an unpleasant emotion affecting patients with cancer, and there are various ways of coping with it. Little is known about the relationship between the anxiety level and physical, somatic or spiritual (e.g. religiousness) factors in breast cancer patients at different stages of the disease. The purpose of the study was to assess the intensity of anxiety at different stages of breast cancer, to define the relationship between religiousness and physical (somatic) condition and anxiety in the study subjects and to find out if religiousness is an effective coping strategy at any breast cancer stage. The study involved 180 women aged between 28 and 77, who were qualified to one of five study groups, according to their disease stage. The following research instruments were used: the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Scale of Personal Religiousness, the Rotterdam Symptom Checklist as well as medical history and data from patients' medical records. There is a significant correlation between state anxiety and trait anxiety measured by STAI in study groups. Breast cancer stage differentiates the study groups in respect of revealed anxiety level. Somatic condition has no significant impact on the intensity of anxiety in terminal breast cancer patients. Amongst the studied variables, only religiousness is an important factor that influences the anxiety level of end-stage cancer patients. The obtained results allow us to conclude that: (a) religiousness is an effective factor of coping with anxiety only of the end-stage breast cancer patients; (b) cancer stage is a differentiating factor in respect of revealed anxiety level in study subjects; (c) exacerbation of somatic symptoms does not influence the anxiety level in terminal cancer patients and at disease-free period.

Updating Seminal Studies of Entrepreneurial Researchers in the 60's to the 90's

ABSTRACT As early as the 1960's various researchers of African and Nigerian small business and entrepreneurship like P. Schatz, P. Kilby, J. Harris and M. Rowe, A. Ale, W. Nafziger, J. Wilde and others have been debating. Their argument is with attempt to trace and identify the factors which continue to stunt the growth and development of small and medium enterprises (SME's) and entrepreneurship in Africa and in Nigeria. The investigations carried out by these and other researchers on this subject should be accepted as pertinent and justifiable. This is especially so, in consideration of the abundant availability of both natural and mineral resources for use as raw materials within the continent. In addition, enormous amount of funds has been expended alongside immense attention and effort by governments towards the development of small-scale industries and entrepreneurship. A number of external factors therefore, like inadequate infrastructure, scarcity of machines, spare parts and equipment, lack of information, paucity of raw material supplies and problem with government policies and officials as well as cultural factors have been identified among the most serious obstacles. Internal factors such as poor organizational planning, problems of succession, inadequate re-investment of profits, lack of capital and poor managerial skills have also been noted by other researchers as main growth barriers. This research updated earlier work done by these different groups of researchers with reference to the small plastics manufacturing sector in Nigeria to see if there have been any changes in the last 10-30 years of study. The findings revealed that there has hardly been any significant difference in terms of improvement especially of external constraints observed between the 1960's and 1990's. However, the study found a number of progressive internal improvements being applied in other small plastic manufacturing businesses. Recently, some small plastics manufacturing entrepreneurs on their own initiative have learned to create and innovate various ways of coping with constraints facing their businesses independently.

Heterogeneity in consumer preference data —A combined approach

The paper will provide an overview of the problem of heterogeneity in consumer data and various ways of coping with it analytically. It will present a new model that combines latent class regression analysis with random coefficient regression models together with principal components regression. Finally, the model approach is illustrated, using a data set on consumer evaluations of frozen peas.

Cognitive Schemata of Professional Obsolescence

This exploratory study used qualitative data as a basis for grounding a new theoretical framework for understanding obsolescence and updating. Fifty professionals were interviewed at length. Four propositions emerged out of the data. One, obsolescence and updating are multifaceted phenomena. Obsolescence has different meanings for different people. Professionals adopt world views-or cognitive schemata-regarding the nature of obsolescence, its relevance to them, and their roles in coping with it. Eleven cognitive schemata were identified. Two, the various schemata constitute various ways of coping with the obsolescence threat. Three, schemata are not individual creations. They are shared by groups of people in organizations. Four, organizational rank and career stage determine to a large extent which schema will be adhered to by the person (or the group). These four propositions are integrated with extant literature, and organizational implications of the new framework are discussed.

Target factor analysis for the identification of stoichiometric models

A methodology for identifying stoichiometric models for complex reaction systems is developed. The approach is useful for (1) deriving simple, approximate stoichiometric models for complex systems, or (2) testing possible stoichiometries and thereby investigating reaction pathways. The method of factor analysis is used to determine the number of reactions and derive an observed stoichiometric space from measured composition and possibly thermal data. The validity of proposed target stoichiometries can then be tested for compatibility with this stoichiometric space. The approach is straightforward with noise-free data. Various ways of coping with measurement errors are also presented. A major contribution of this paper consists in an approach for incorporating known stoichiometric information, thereby reducing considerably the effect of measurement noise. The methodology is tested on a simulated model of an industrial system. It is found to be very useful for clarifying the unknown part of the stoichiometric model. Extensions that should facilitate the applicability of the approach to real industrial systems are also discussed.

Role of Memories in Lives of World War II Orphans

Memories have two important and conflicting functions in the lives of World War II orphans. They maintain a connection to their lost parents while also continually reminding them of their losses. The vicissitudes of memories in the lives of World War II orphans are described. Which memories are prominent, what is remembered and what is not, reflect the various ways of coping with loss, and profoundly influences the development of identity.