Various Types Of Solids Research Articles

Rapid and Robust Surface Treatment for Simultaneous Solid and Liquid Repellency.

A wide range of liquid and solid contaminants can adhere to everyday functional surfaces and dramatically alter their performance. Numerous surface modification strategies have been developed that can reduce the fouling of some solids or repel certain liquids but are generally limited to specific contaminants or class of foulants. This is due to the typically distinct mechanisms that are employed to repel liquids vs solids. Here, we demonstrate a rapid and facile surface modification technique that yields a thin film of linear chain siloxane molecules covalently tethered to a surface. We investigate and characterize the liquid-like morphology of these surfaces in detail as the key contributing factor to their anti-fouling performance. This surface treatment is extremely durable and readily repels a broad range of liquids with varying surface tensions and polarities, including water, oils, organic solvents, and even fluorinated solvents. Additionally, the flexible, liquid-like nature of these surfaces enables interfacial slippage, which dramatically reduces adhesion to various types of solids, including ice, wax, calcined gypsum, and cyanoacrylate adhesives, and also minimizes the nucleation of inorganic scale. The developed surfaces are durable and simple to fabricate, and they minimize fouling by both liquids and solids simultaneously.

A survival mediation model with Bayesian model averaging.

Determining the extent to which a patient is benefiting from cancer therapy is challenging. Criteria for quantifying the extent of "tumor response" observed within a few cycles of treatment have been established for various types of solids as well as hematologic malignancies. These measures comprise the primary endpoints of phase II trials. Regulatory approvals of new cancer therapies, however, are usually contingent upon the demonstration of superior overall survival with randomized evidence acquired with a phase III trial comparing the novel therapy to an appropriate standard of care treatment. With nearly two-thirds of phase III oncology trials failing to achieve statistically significant results, researchers continue to refine and propose new surrogate endpoints. This article presents a Bayesian framework for studying relationships among treatment, patient subgroups, tumor response, and survival. Combining classical components of a mediation analysis with Bayesian model averaging, the methodology is robust to model misspecification among various possible relationships among the observable entities. A posterior inference is demonstrated via an application to a randomized controlled phase III trial in metastatic colorectal cancer. Moreover, the article details posterior predictive distributions of survival and statistical metrics for quantifying the extent of direct and indirect, or tumor response mediated treatment effects.

Supersolid and pair correlations of the extended Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model on triangular lattices

We study the extended Jaynes-Cummings-Hubbard model on triangular cavity lattices and zigzag ladders. By using density-matrix renormalization group methods, we observe various types of solids with different density patterns and find evidence for light supersolids, which exist in extended regions of the phase diagram of the zigzag ladder. Furthermore, we observe strong pair correlations in the supersolid phase due to the interplay between the atoms in the cavities and atom-photon interaction. By means of cluster mean-field simulations and a scaling of the cluster size extending our analysis to two-dimensional triangular lattices, we present evidence for the emergence of a light supersolid in this case also.

Merits and limits of the modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential

The modified Becke-Johnson exchange potential [F. Tran and P. Blaha, Phys. Rev. Lett. 102, 226401 (2009)] (TB-mBJ) is tested on various types of solids which are difficult to describe theoretically: nonmagnetic semiconducting transition-metal oxides and sulfides, metals (Fe, Co, Ni, and Cu), and (anti)ferromagnetic insulators (e.g., YBa${}_{2}$Cu${}_{3}$O${}_{6}$). The results for the band gap and other quantities such as the magnetic moment or electric field gradient are analyzed in detail, in particular to have a better understanding of the mechanism which leads to improved (or sometimes worse) results with the TB-mBJ potential compared to the standard local density and generalized gradient approximations.

Modeling the Mean Residence Time in a Rotary Dryer for Various Types of Solids

The residence time in a pilot-scale rotary dryer was determined experimentally for four types of solids (fish meal, sand, soy meal, and sawdust) while varying the solids flow rate, the slope of the dryer, the speed of rotation, and the flow rate of gas with the objective to develop a correlation to predict the mean residence time for inclined and horizontal rotating dryers and to compare the developed models to the experimental data. Three models, two based on the product of operating variables and a neural network, are presented and compared. Results show that all models provide good estimates of the mean residence time, with the neural network providing more accurate predictions.

EXTREME COMPRESSION BEHAVIOUR OF SOLIDS BASED ON THE ROY-ROY INVERTED EQUATION OF STATE

An analysis has been presented using the Roy-Roy equation of state (EOS), which represents an extended and modified version of the Murnaghan EOS. It is found that the value of [Formula: see text] for various types of solids remain between 5/3 and 2. The Roy-Roy EOS has been found to become applicable for the core of the Earth, predicting the values of the pressure and bulk modulus in the range of seismological data. Modifications suggested recently to remove the shortcomings of the Murnaghan equation have been discussed. The maximum values of [Formula: see text] obtained from the Roy-Roy EOS for different inorganic solids and organic solids are also discussed.

Dynamic Diffusion of Helium into Various Types of Solids during Their Deformation and Dispersion

Quantitative relations governing the penetration of helium atoms into various types of solids in the course of their plastic deformation in liquid 3He (T = 0.6–1.8 K) and 4He (T = 4.2 K) and dispersion in gaseous helium at 300 K were obtained and analyzed. Experiments were carried out on metals with different lattice types, ionic single crystals, amorphous alloys, and barite and titanium dioxide powders dispersed in helium. Curves illustrating helium extraction from deformed specimens under dynamic annealing were obtained. The temperature range of helium extraction was found to correlate with the melting temperature and the initial and deformed structures of a material, which determine the number and character of helium traps present in the material. The dependence of helium penetration intensity on the type of defects forming under plastic deformation for various materials, as well as the formation of chemical bonds of helium atoms to the defected structure of these materials, is discussed.

The influence of magnetic field on the thermal properties of solids

The response of a solid to an applied magnetic field can be determined several ways: by direct measurements and by calculating it from magnetization and from the heat capacities as functions of temperature and magnetic field. The magnetocaloric properties of various types of solids are reviewed: normal ferromagnets, materials with multiple magnetic transitions, materials which undergo a first-order transition, and superconductors. Recent developments indicate that the application of the magnetocaloric effect for air conditioning, refrigeration (including freezers), gas liquefaction, etc. is a viable technology. Environmental considerations are also discussed.

The wetting of solids by molten metals and its relation to the preparation of metal-matrix composites composites

This review aims at making a bridge between the fundamentals of the wetting of solids by liquid metals and the practice of the preparation of metal-matrix composites. One recalls first the significance of concepts such as surface tension, work of adhesion, adsorption and the relation between these concepts, the phenomenon of wetting and the process of liquid metal infiltration. Thereafter, the wetting of various types of solids is considered: metals, oxides, carbon and carbides. !n the !light of this body of science, one proposes finally a critical evaluation of the literature concerning the preparation of metal-matrix composites by liquid metal infiltration techniques. Particular emphasis is devoted to reinforcements made of graphite, alumina or silicon carbide multifilament fibres; the use of coatings and the addition of alloying elements to the metal are successively discussed.