Various Types Of Natural Disasters Research Articles

Assessing Sustainable Development in Community Welfare and Economic Resilience to Extreme Weather in Indonesia

In recent decades, Indonesia has experienced a surge in natural disasters, resulting in increased casualties and disruptions to economic growth and welfare. This study investigates the impact of various types of natural disasters, focusing on how economic growth (measured by provincial GDP) and welfare levels (measured by the Human Development Index, HDI) influence the number of victims affected by extreme weather. Data on gross regional domestic product and the Human Development Index for each province in Indonesia were obtained from Statistics Indonesia. We employed multivariable negative binomial regression to analyze the relationships between the number of victims affected by extreme weather, provincial HDI, and provincial GDP. The results indicate significant correlations between provincial GDP, HDI, and the number of victims. Higher HDI correlates with fewer victims, whereas higher GDP is associated with an increase in victims. Additionally, we used the Self-Organizing Map (SOM) method, identifying two clusters as the optimal model. Cluster 1 comprises 31 provinces, while Cluster 2 comprises 3 provinces, with the latter highlighting the provinces with the highest disaster risk. Consequently, provinces such as West Java, Central Java, and East Java require heightened attention from various stakeholders involved in disaster management efforts. By examining these relationships, our study contributes to the understanding of sustainable development and resilience against natural disasters. It underscores the importance of improving welfare and economic policies to mitigate the impacts of extreme weather events.

Natural Disaster Mitigation in Jeneponto Regency Indonesia: A Sociology Perspective

This research analyzes the importance of natural disaster mitigation efforts in the context of Jeneponto District, a region in Indonesia that is vulnerable to various types of natural disasters. The purpose of this research is to describe the roles of stakeholders and disaster management strategies in the Jeneponto District. This study used a qualitative approach, where data were collected through interviews and observations. The results showed that natural disaster management in Jeneponto Regency involved the active role of many stakeholders, including government and NGOs, traditional leaders, and community leaders. This confirms the importance of the role of stakeholders in handling natural disasters in Jeneponto District, both in terms of coordination, resource allocation, and development of mitigation strategies. Efforts are needed to strengthen community preparedness, involve various related parties, and respect local culture in disaster management efforts. The results also show that the social construction of disaster management involves a deep understanding of how disaster management is understood, constructed, and implemented in the community. Although many mitigation strategies have been implemented, there is still a need to strengthen community preparedness and improve coordination between the stakeholders involved. Some effective methods in disaster management include preparedness education, community involvement in mitigation planning, and utilization of technology for early warning systems. This article contributes to policy recommendations for improving adaptation and mitigation capacity at the local level. Practical implications include developing training programs, improving security infrastructure, and increasing community awareness of disaster risks.

Socialization and Making of Landslide Disaster Warning Equipment in Gentan Village, Sukoharjo

Abstract: This research aims to enhance the awareness and consciousness of the community regarding the potential disasters that may occur in Gentan Village. Various types of natural disasters frequently occur in Gentan Village, one of which is landslides. In this study, a device was created and installed in landslide-prone areas of Gentan Village. The purpose of this device is to provide notifications in the form of a siren when a landslide disaster occurs, with the hope that it will be beneficial to the surrounding community. In the implementation of this activity, Badan Penanggulangan Bencana Daerah (BPBD) participated in providing information about natural disasters and how to mitigate them. BPBD and the local community also supported and actively participated in the installation of landslide warning devices in landslide-prone areas. The impact of this activity has been able to increase the knowledge and awareness of the Gentan Village community regarding landslide disasters. The landslide warning devices are expected to be replicated and further developed to become more effective. Keywords: disaster, warning signal, technology

Dyplomacja trzęsień ziemi a zmiana pozycji międzynarodowej Syrii

Syria is a state which has been affected by multiple series of disasters in the XXI century. Some of them has been natural caused, whereas there were some caused by human activity. Only for the first two decades of the current century, Syria has been the arena of the most complex military conflict, which significantly damaged the whole state and caused its partial international isolation. On the other hand, Syria has struggle with various types of natural disasters, such as drought from 2006 to 2010, numerous floods, the COVID-19 and Cholera outbreak and finally, the recent earthquake, occured in February 2023. The last phenomenon has lead numerous countries to express solidarity with Syria as well as to deliver the humanitarian aid to this country. Some of them are considered to be hostile towards Damascus and president Bashar el-Assad. In parallel to the humanitarian assistance, there was a diplomatic process, which led to full rehabilitation of Syrian president in the region and to full normalization diplomatic relations with other Arabic states as well as to start a dialogue with Turkey. In some analytical and media centers, the recent events have been described as an outcome of the earthquake diplomacy or disaster diplomacy, characterized as the international situation in which the natural disaster and the readiness to counterreaction against its effects, may create the opportunities to deescalate relations between the warrying states. Therefore, would it be accurate to consider the recent disaster in Syria able to create the new process as well as to transform the long-term strategies of a number of countries? This article will deal with analysing political process occured between Syria and the regional powers after the earthquake as well as it will try to answer the question how the international position of Syria has changed and crucially: does the recent earthquake have the impact on these issues?

Local Government Resonance on Disaster Potential Issues

Ring of fire that surround Indonesia from east to the west made this country become potential vulnerable to various types of natural disasters, Morowali is a district located in central sulawesi province that one of a disaster-prone area. It is traversed by the Matano fault which connected to Palu Koro fault which is a fault with approximately 8 mm active movement per year. This study aims to see how far the local government of Morowali responds to the issue of potential disasters, consider that Morowali district is one of the areas designated by the state government as a special economic zone. This study using an exploratory case study that does not see phenomena only from problems but also in the form of social activities, groups, and organization. Niklas Luhmann's concept of resonance is the main reference in describes the interconnection between systems and the environment. Research data obtained using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observations. The informants in this study were executive and legislative board. The results show that the executive and legislative response to the issue of potential natural disasters shows the resonant capacity of two functional systems politics and economics are weak, which shows that the government's system should encourage the concept of proactive adaptation to strengthen its response to the existing potential disasters and create security for the Morowali community.

Drought Prediction: A Comprehensive Review of Different Drought Prediction Models and Adopted Technologies

Precipitation deficit conditions and temperature anomalies are responsible for the occurrence of various types of natural disasters that cause tremendous loss of human life and economy of the country. Out of all natural disasters, drought is one of the most recurring and complex phenomenons. Prediction of the onset of drought poses significant challenges to societies worldwide. Drought occurrences occur across the world due to a variety of hydro-meteorological causes and anomalies in sea surface temperature. This article aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the fundamental concepts and characteristics of drought, its complex nature, and the various factors that influence drought, drought indicators, and advanced drought prediction models. An extensive survey is presented in the different drought prediction models employed in the literature, ranging from statistical approaches to machine learning and deep learning models. It has been found that advanced techniques like machine learning and deep learning models outperform traditional models by improving drought prediction accuracy. This review article critically examines the advancements in technology that have facilitated improved drought prediction, identifies the key challenges and opportunities in the field of drought prediction, and identifies the key trends and topics that are likely to give new directions to the future of drought prediction research. It explores the integration of remote sensing data, meteorological observations, hydrological modeling, and climate indices for enhanced accuracy. Under the frequently changing climate conditions, this comprehensive review provides a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in drought prediction and management and fosters a deeper understanding of their capabilities and limitations. This article paves the way for more accurate and effective drought prediction strategies, contributing to improved resilience and sustainable development in drought-prone regions.

EXPLORING THE SOLASTALGIA: PREDICTING THE COGNITIVE FAILURES AMONG DROUGHT PRONE FARMERS

The climatic changes mainly effect the farming profession as, India is regarded as an agricultural portion of the globe because many of its regions are perfect for agrarian production; Due to this shift in climate various types of natural disasters are taking place. One such calamity among several disasters is drought. The present paper focuses on the cognitive failures experienced by the farmers suffering with drought. This paper attempts to study the psychological turmoil experienced by the famers which is termed as, Solastalgia. It is a novel concept that has evolved to make environmental distress more meaningful and clearer. Unlike nostalgia — the morose or anxiousness encountered by individuals who get separated from their home — Solastalgia is the havoc caused by changes in the environment, as it affects people while they are attached to their home settings. The results manifested that the grief observed among the farmers due to the change in their environment hits the mental health and psychosocial status of the agriculturalists. The most important indicator for intellectual failures in the pandemic circumstances is constant substance abuse done by the farmers due to the crop failures they have experienced.

Community-based climate change adaptation and disaster risk mitigation in the Mekong Delta by the transdisciplinary approach

The article is based on data from the research program "Greater Mekong Sub-region Flood and Drought Risk Management and Mitigation Project (ADB-GMS1)" jointly implemented by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, and the Vietnam Institute of Water Resources Research in Tien Giang and Dong Thap province. The results show that, in recent years, due to the increasingly severe global climate change, the intensity of various types of natural disasters occurs more frequently, irregularly and with greater intensity. This has greatly affected the production, daily life and properties of the people in the vulnerable areas. To reduce the impact of various types of disasters on people living in vulnerable areas, it is necessary to combine two types of solutions in disaster prevention, namely construction solutions and non- construction solutions. In which, non-construction solutions play a very important role, namely, people living in communities are considered as the main actors in preventing and mitigating disaster risks occurring in the community.

Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Tanah Hak Milik Masyarakat Pasca Bencana Alam Erupsi Gunung Sinabung

Indonesia is located in a natural disaster prone location where various types of natural disasters, including earthquakes and tsunamis, volcanoes, floods, landslides, droughts, forest and land fires, and other natural disasters still occur very frequently. Post natural disaster events also have a systemic impact on land issues, especially for areas that are most severely affected by natural disasters, where one of the impacts is the loss of land boundaries caused by changes in land surface due to natural disasters, mainly caused by the earthquake and tsunami. The problems raised in this study, namely how the rule of law against community land rights after the Mt. Sinabung eruption natural disaster, the position and status of community property rights after the Mt. Sinabung eruption natural disasters and legal protection of community land ownership after the eruption. Mount Sinabung. To find answers to these problems, this research uses descriptive analytical normative legal research, where this normative legal research uses secondary data as primary data and also uses primary data as complementary data using data collection techniques carried out by means of literature study, as well as Qualitative data analysis. The rule of law for community property rights after the natural disaster of the Mt. Sinabung eruption is broadly regulated in Article 27 of Law Number 5 of 1960 Concerning Basic Agrarian Regulations which states that one of the causes of the abolition of ownership rights is because the land was destroyed, however, this provision does not automatically mean that the community's community-owned land can be abolished. There are a number of activities that must be carried out until the community's community-owned land is removed. The position and status of community property rights after the natural disaster of the Mt. Sinabung eruption, which basically remains the property of victims of natural disasters and victims of disasters do not lose their property rights before the disaster belongs to disaster victims. The state cannot directly control the ex-disaster land even though the land owner has died. Land ownership should still be returned to the community, especially for areas that are still inhabited by indigenous peoples. Legal protection of community land rights after the occurrence of natural disaster of the Mt. Sinabung eruption is through legal protection of individual ownership holders and protection through land consolidation and relocation activities

The anatomy of natural disasters on online media: hurricanes and wildfires.

Increasing prevalence and scale of natural disasters fuel the need for new approaches to evaluating, and eventually mitigating, their impact. This analysis quantifies and compares online and social media attention to hurricanes and wildfires over time and geographic space. Hurricanes studied included: Michael, Maria, Irma, Harvey, and Florence. Fires studied included: Woolsey, Mendocino, Carr, and Camp. It was hypothesized that total volume of online media content, measured in posts and mentions, varied measurably over the phases of the disasters. Furthermore, it was hypothesized that the anatomy of the disaster, specifically the number and timing/dates, of posts and mentions varied inside versus outside impacted zones/geographies. Social media content, in sheer volume, related to hurricanes was larger than that devoted to fires. A mismatch between the time periods that people post about natural disasters on social media and the times when aid is needed to rebuild was found. Mentions fell rapidly after landfall for hurricanes, and long before fires were officially contained or extinguished. This rapid fall in media attention may leave directly impacted populations without help and support during the rebuilding process. Greater understanding of volume of posts over time, or the anatomy of disasters in online media space, may help government agencies, private industry, and relief organizations understand public attentiveness before, during, and after various types of natural disasters.

Importance of Insurance Mechanisms in Natural Disasters' Risk Mitigation: A case study in Indiav

Introduction: This study aims to understand the dynamics of insurance as a risk management tool for natural disasters in India. It further explores different strategies and programs for disaster insurance adopted by the Indian government and highlights these initiatives' gaps.
 Methods: The authors conducted both offline and online desk reviews to understand the dynamics of insurance mechanisms and government strategies. They conducted a narrative review of existing literature, including peer-reviewed articles, thematic books, and government and non-governmental reports from diverse sources.
 Results: The review clearly shows that despite the various types of natural disasters the country faces, the coverage of disaster insurance in India remains low. It outlines the importance of insurance as a risk management tool, especially for the most vulnerable sections of society living in rural parts. The review further highlights the benefits of different government schemes and strategies while at the same time highlighting the gaps in these schemes.
 Conclusion: The review calls for an urgent and sustained effort to increase the number of individuals insured against natural disasters in the country by addressing the policy shortcomings and engaging with the communities and the private sector to understand their respective needs. The review also underlines the importance of creating awareness regarding disaster insurance among the wider population. Furthermore, it calls for a comprehensive disaster management plan with insurance as one of its pillars.

Can Birds and Animals Predict Disaster? A Case Study from Nepal Earthquake 2015

There is no doubt that Nepal is prone to various types of natural disasters due to the geophysical structures. Due to less aware population, absence of latest technology and lack of skilled manpower, each year thousands of people lost their lives due to flood, earthquake, landslides, debris flow, fire, epidemic, avalanches, glacier lake outbursts, windstorm, thunderbolt, hailstorm, and drought. The survey analysis of 30 respondents and thematic analysis based on the interview session systematically quantifies that there is some level of inter- link between the animal behaviors and disasters based on 2015 Gorkha Earthquake. Much research still needs to be done in this subject understanding the pattern, behavior, training of animals for low-cost preparedness in remote and non-city area. This can be helpful developing countries like Nepal, India, and other south Asian countries.

해안가 복합재난 지역맞춤형 재해예방기법 산정알고리즘 및 의사결정지원 시스템 개발

Due to recent climate change, various types of natural disasters are occurring. In particular, coastal areas are expected to suffer intense damage due to high waves and tsunamis. Accordingly, when selecting a coastal risk zone for a Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan, various risk factors and terrain characteristics of the hazard area must be considered. In this study, we develop an algorithm for derivation of disaster prevention techniques and a decision support system (DSS). With this system, users can derive regional disaster prevention techniques based on risk factors and terrain characteristics of the target site. In addition, users can adjust efficiency, constructability, and publicity according to their planning intention and the priorities of the derived techniques. This system will be possible to help decision-making by deriving region-specific disaster prevention techniques for areas where composite coastal disasters are expected, helping effective establishment of Regional Hazard Mitigation Plan.

Selected Coordination Motor Abilities of Students of the University of Physical Education During Survival Training

Abstract Introduction. Taking up emergency actions when fighting various types of natural disasters requires appropriate psychophysical preparation. Thanks to the development of technique, coordination motor abilities have gained greater importance than physical strength and endurance in such activities. The purpose of the present work was to assess the impact of 36 hours of survival activities and sleep deprivation on selected coordination motor abilities in students of the University of Physical Education. Material and methods. The study involved 12 male students of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw, specialising in “Physical Education in Uniformed Services”. The age of the participants was 21.0 ± 0.74 years, their body height was 179.5 ± 5.6 cm, and their body mass was 74.6 ± 8.0 kg. The assessment was performed based on the following coordination motor ability tests: a test measuring the differentiation of the use of forearm muscle strength, a running motor adjustment test, and a measurement of divided attention. A test involving shooting from a pneumatic gun and a measurement of the maximal force of the forearm were also carried out. Tests and trials were conducted before training (P1), after 24 hours of training (P2), after completing the training - that is after 36 hours of training (P3), and after 12 hours of rest (P4). During the training, the participants completed 12 km on foot, paddled for approximately 6 hours, rowed kayaks for about 4 hours, and performed survival tasks. Results. The analysis of the results of the study of maximal force and the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength showed that the forearm muscle strength remained at the same level during the entire training. The ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength deteriorated after night training. There were no statistically significant differences in the results of the running motor adjustment tests and in shooting performance between individual measurements. Conclusions. Participation in long-term survival training with very low intensity, combined with sleep deprivation, caused a temporary deterioration in the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength. This may indicate that people involved in rescue operations during which the psychophysical load is small will be able to perform tasks correctly for a long time.

Estimation of Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) for Peninsular Malaysia using geospatial approach

Among the various types of natural disasters, earthquake is considered as one of the most destructive events which impose a great amount of human fatalities and economic losses. Visualization of earthquake events and estimation of peak ground motions provides a strong tool for scientists and authorities to predict and mitigate the aftereffects of earthquakes. In addition it is useful for some businesses like insurance companies to evaluate the amount of investing risk. Although Peninsular Malaysian is situated in the stable part of Sunda plate, it is seismically influenced by very active earthquake sources of Sumatra's fault and subduction zones. This study modelled the seismic zones and estimates maximum credible earthquake (MCE) based on classified data for period 1900 to 2014. The deterministic approach was implemented for the analysis. Attenuation equations were used for two zones. Results show that, the PGA produced from subduction zone is from 2-64 (gal) and from the fault zone varies from 1-191(gal). In addition, the PGA generated from fault zone is more critical than subduction zone for selected seismic model.

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Path planning for first responders in the presence of moving obstacles

Проблемы страхования рисков в сельском и лесном хозяйствах от стихийных бедствий

In recent years, due to an increase the number of natural disasters such as droughts, in the territory of the Russian Federation, the insurance and insurance ways of business activities in agriculture and forestry from natural disasters is becoming increasingly important. In addition, with transfer of land and forest areas in the long-term lease, the well-being of agricultural firms, farmers and tenants, both on land and in the forest areas are under threat of bankruptcy and failure of entrepreneurial activity. The insured event in the form of environmental insurance is a sudden, unexpected damage to crops as a result of various kinds of undesirable weather conditions, natural disasters. However, the insurance of land from land runoff, landslides have occurred as a result of heavy rains, floods in agriculture requires further consideration, as every year in the Russian Federation to increase the area of arable land emerged from agricultural use. In forestry, the position of forests insurance from various types of natural disasters is not well developed in agriculture. Thus, with the adoption of the “Forest Code” of the Russian Federation in 2007, various types of logging and timber harvesting, reforestation work-related should be carried out by tenants of forest plots. However, today the tenants of forest plots (individuals and businesses) do not have the so-called economic stimulus in the form of insurance against natural disasters, fires, windbreaks and windfalls. They remain one to one with a past event, which can not take any action to save their businesses. Now insurance of farmland and forest land from various kinds of environmental disasters and emergencies by the state plays a critical role in the development of small and medium-sized businesses in these sectors to strengthen food security and increase the productivity of forests of the Russian Federation.

From the Editors

From the Editors