Various Modes Of Transport Research Articles

The Influence Of Price And Service Quality On Customer Satisfaction Of Bus 27 Trans Route Malang – Bandung Through Purchasing Decisions

Transportation plays an important role in facilitating human mobility in carrying out various activities such as work, education, tourism and traveling. The current situation has given rise to increasingly fierce competition between various modes of transportation, including air, sea and land. This research aims to determine the direct influence of price and service quality on purchasing decisions and to test the indirect influence of price and service quality on customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions. The research method in this research is descriptive and quantitative. The sampling technique used in this research is a non-probability sampling technique with a focus on purposive sampling, and using the Cochran formula to obtain a sample of 100 respondents in the study. The analytical method used in this research is structural equation modeling-partial least squares (SEM-PLS). Based on the results of hypothesis testing, it shows that price has a direct influence on purchasing decisions, service quality has a direct influence on purchasing decisions, purchasing decisions have a direct influence on customer satisfaction, and price has an indirect influence on customer satisfaction through purchasing decisions and service quality has an indirect influence on customer satisfaction. through purchasing decisions.

Selected applications of satellite technologies in rail transport

Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) are increasingly being used in various modes of transport, including rail transport. When this technology is applied to railway traffic control, it is essential to ensure a high level of safety and reliability. The approval of a railway traffic control system requires a safety analysis, which includes hazard analysis and risk analysis. This also includes GNSS-based solutions in terms of their compliance with safety integrity requirements, i.e. THR (Tolerable Hazard Rate) and SIL (Safety Integrity Level) parameters, as defined in normative documents. In the case of railway traffic control systems, the level of dependability of the determined train position, referred to as position integrity, is very important in ensuring safety. Position integrity is affected by many factors, including: errors due to SIS (Signal-In-Space) propagation, multipath errors, signal interference or GNSS receiver errors. In order to improve position integrity, among other things, new data processing methods can be used to improve the accuracy and reliability of measurements. The paper presents the concept of satellite signal processing for precise determination of the position of objects in selected railway systems. The Kalman filter based model of satellite signal filtration and its selected applications, which were tested in the real condition, was presented. The application of Kalman filtration indicated in the paper is a universal method that improves the estimated measurement parameters and can be used in many applications of satellite systems for railway tasks. The applicability of satellite systems to automatic train operation, defect positioning in automatic and manual flaw detection tests, determining track spatial orientation and train integrity control have been considered. The conducted tests confirmed the correctness of the adopted concept and the model of satellite signals filtration developed for this purpose. According to the authors, the described methods can also be used in many other tasks related to rail transport.

Applying Ant Colony Optimization to Reduce Tram Journey Times

Nature-inspired algorithms allow us to solve many problems related to the search for optimal solutions. One such issue is the problem of searching for optimal routes. In this paper, ant colony optimization is used to search for optimal tram routes. Ant colony optimization is a method inspired by the behavior of ants in nature, which as a group are able to successfully find optimal routes from the nest to food. The aim of this paper is to present a practical application of the algorithm as a tool for public transport network planning. In urban public transport, travel time is crucial. It is a major factor in passengers’ choice of transport mode. Therefore, in this paper, the objective function determining the operation of the algorithm is driving time. Scheduled time, real time and theoretical time are analyzed and compared. The routes are then compared with each other in order to select the optimal solution. A case study involving one of the largest tramway networks in Poland demonstrates the effectiveness of the nature-inspired algorithm. The obtained results allow route optimization by selecting the route with the shortest travel time. Thus, the development of the entire network is also possible. In addition, due to its versatility, the method can be applied to various modes of transport.

Toward a new growth pole for the world: Rethinking the strategies for Huaihua International Inland Port in China

This article aims to analyze the existing Huaihua International Inland Port studies and regional economic development. On this basis, the strategic positioning of the port is redefined, and its impact on the economic growth of China and the world is examined. Furthermore, the article explores the port’s main challenges under the Belt and Road Initiative and proposes sustainable and healthy development strategies. It demonstrates that in the era of globalization, the importance of international trade and logistics has become increasingly prominent. As the world’s second-largest economy, China’s solid internal logistics infrastructure and well-developed transportation systems are vital to maintaining and expanding its economic vitality. It finds that the Huaihua International Inland Port is integral to China’s Western Development Strategy and has become an essential hub connecting Western China with international markets. The port profoundly impacts the economic vitality of Huaihua and surrounding areas, promoting employment and improving residents’ living standards. However, it also faces many challenges in its development. It suggests that the port administrative team needs to improve operational efficiency, efficiently coordinate various modes of transportation, attract more industries, and balance economic development and environmental protection. Based on the in-depth analysis indicates the strategic orientations and recommendations for the future development of the port. At the same time, it is expected to provide a reference for other regional economic development projects.

Mapping Health Disparities: Spatial Accessibility to Healthcare Facilities in a Rural District of Ghana Using Geographic Information Systems Techniques

<i>Background:</i> Access to healthcare is crucial for health equity and outcomes, especially in resource-limited rural areas. Despite expansion efforts, access disparities persist, impacting rural well-being. Assessing spatial accessibility to primary and secondary healthcare is essential for identifying underserved areas and guiding effective resource allocation and intervention strategies. <i>Objective:</i> This study aims to evaluate the geographic access to healthcare services in a rural district of Ghana using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and spatial analysis techniques. <i>Methods:</i> Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 3.28.6, spatial data including health facility locations, settlements, road networks, and population data were analysed. Buffer and distance to the nearest hub analyses were conducted to assess healthcare accessibility to all ten (10) healthcare facilities in the district. Travel time analysis was performed using specified travel speeds for various modes of transportation. Chi-square tests were employed to evaluate the associations between settlement characteristics and access to primary and secondary healthcare services. <i>Results:</i> Approximately 40% of the health facilities were located in Akumadan, the district capital. Primary healthcare accessibility within a 3km radius covered 35% of settlements and 59% of the population, while secondary healthcare, within a 5km radius, was accessible to only 11.3% of settlements and 27.2% of the population. The mean distance to health centres was 4.35±2.72 km and to hospitals was 10.35±5.77 km. Mean walking times were 87±54.6 minutes to health centres and 209.2±117.0 minutes to hospitals. By motorized transport, travel times were up to 24 minutes to health centres and 55 minutes to hospitals; by bicycle, up to 37 minutes to health centres and 190 minutes to hospitals. Chi-Square Tests revealed significant associations between settlement type and both primary (χ²(1, N=80) = 30.77, p <.001) and secondary (χ²(1, N=80) = 15.93, p <.001) healthcare access, as well as between population level and healthcare access. Proximity to health facilities (primary χ²(1, N=80) = 21.26, p <.001; secondary χ²(1, N=80) = 5.48, p =.019) and transportation accessibility (primary χ²(1, N=80) = 9.13, p =.003; secondary χ²(1, N=80) = 12.13, p <.001) were significantly associated with healthcare access. <i>Conclusion:</i> This study unveils substantial disparities in healthcare accessibility, characterized by uneven distribution of facilities and remote distances. Challenges include limited infrastructure and geographic isolation. Addressing these requires enhanced infrastructure, transport networks, expanding outreach services, and equitable policy reforms to promote health equity.

Therapists’ perspectives on experience and treatment of mobility-related anxiety disorders

In this paper, we explore how psychology professionals understand and treat the mobility issues of people diagnosed with anxiety disorder, based on 13 in-depth interviews. All interviewees regularly treat clients facing challenges using various modes of transportation due to anxiety disorders. Their clients exhibit a range of mobility issues, with some struggling with driving or being a passenger in a car, while others encounter difficulties when using public transport, cycling, or being a pedestrian. The mobility problems their clients experience affect their daily lives. Next to applying individual Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) adopted by most interviewees, they also suggest that adjustments in the mobility system could assist individuals with anxiety disorders to participate more fully in society. Hence, we advocate for more research on the mobility system that integrates psychological perspectives on mobility-related problems caused by anxiety disorder to support a more inclusive mobility planning, design, and organization of the system. Inclusive planning implies (1) designing mainstream infrastructures and services enabling people with anxiety disorders to move around independently while reducing anxiety-triggering situations without them becoming disclosed; (2) enhancing walkability and cyclability through both transport and land use planning, since having destinations within a short distance from home seems to be especially beneficial for people with anxiety disorders.

Motion sickness and visual impairment

Motion sickness (MS) is caused by exposure to unfamiliar movements. The theory is that MS is due to a conflict between information perceived by the vestibular, visual, and somatosensory systems. This study examines the role of vision in MS by comparing MS susceptibility among individuals with varying degrees of visual impairments to sighted individuals. We hypothesized that subjects with no perception of light would be less susceptible to MS than less impaired subjects, who would themselves be less susceptible than sighted subjects. To address these, the Motion Sickness Susceptibility Questionnaire (MSSQ1) was administered to 340 subjects (170 visually impaired paired with 170 sighted subjects) to assess their susceptibility to various modes of transport under real conditions. Visually impaired subjects were divided into subgroups according to the presence (partially sighted) or absence (totally blind) of light perception, as well as the period of onset of impairment (congenital or acquired). Totally blind individuals are significantly less susceptible to MS than partially sighted (p = 0.001), and sighted (p < 0.001) subjects, with no difference between partially sighted and sighted subjects (p = 0.526). Additionally, acquired totally blind subjects are less susceptible to MS than congenitally blind subjects (p = 0.038). Thus, despite a lower susceptibility totally blind subjects may still be susceptible to MS. The absence of vision reduces MS susceptibility but does not completely prevent it. This suggests that vision is more a mediator, than an essential condition for MS appearance.

Resilient Transportation Systems: Strategies for Mitigating Climate Change Impacts and Enhancing Infrastructure Stability

The transportation sector plays a crucial role in both contributing to climate change and facing its impacts. As extreme weather events become more frequent and severe, transportation infrastructure is increasingly vulnerable to disruptions, posing significant challenges to mobility, safety, and economic stability. strategies for building resilient transportation systems capable of mitigating climate change impacts and enhancing infrastructure stability. Drawing on interdisciplinary research and real-world case studies, this paper explores a range of resilience-enhancing measures applicable to various modes of transportation, including roads, bridges, railways, ports, and airports. These measures encompass both physical infrastructure improvements and operational strategies aimed at reducing vulnerability, enhancing adaptability, and ensuring continuity of service in the face of climate-related hazards.

Transport system of Azerbaijan: what's happening now and what's next?

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the transformations that have occurred in Azerbaijan's transport sector over the past decade, offering insights into the current state of the transport system. It is widely acknowledged that the transport sector plays a pivotal role in enhancing a country's international recognition and strengthening its global position. It follows that the advancement of this sector of the economy represents a fundamental strategic objective for any state. The article reviews and analyses the current state of Azerbaijan's transport system and the measures taken to improve it, as well as the investments made in this field. Furthermore, in consideration of Azerbaijan's current status as a transit nation, the article examined the transportation routes of international corridors traversing the country and their operational efficiency. Also, the article presents a comparative analysis of the cargo and passenger transportation potential of Azerbaijan's transport system over the past decade across various modes of transportation. In order to ascertain the efficacy of the transportation system, the final revenues and expenditures were subjected to analysis, resulting in the calculation of the profit (or loss) for the various modes of transport.

Mitigating airborne infection risks in public transportation: A systematic review

Airborne infections pose significant challenges to public transportation systems which can result in significant decline in ridership levels and financial stress for operators. This systematic review presents a comprehensive overview of measures and strategies employed by ground public transportation agencies to protect passengers and staff while ensuring the uninterrupted operation. This study also conducted a bibliometric analysis to provide insights into key topics, publication patterns, and major contributors in the field of airborne transmission research in public transportation. We have included studies published from January 2003 to June 2024, which reported measures and recommendations for managing public transportation to reduce virus transmission. Of the 2848 initially identified studies, 69 met our eligibility criteria. Our review identified four key strategies to prevent virus transmission in public transportation, including air quality improvement, cleaning, mask-wearing, and social distancing in vehicles and stations. While social distancing poses a significant challenge to public transportation, the integration of crowd management techniques and technology-driven information dissemination can provide effective strategies for managing capacity. The adoption of technology-driven solutions, such as efficient filtration systems, automated mask detection mechanisms, ultraviolet disinfection devices, and real-time passenger information, is required to implement these strategies effectively. Transportation agencies can utilize an airborne infection risk calculator during pandemics and beyond to assess and mitigate the risk of airborne transmission in various modes of transportation. Lessons from the Covid-19 pandemic underscored the need for developing advanced technologies to enhance passenger and staff safety in public transportation vehicles and stations.

The practice of customs logistics in the export and import of petroleum products

In Russia, oil production and refining are the leading industries. The customs logistics of the export and import of petroleum products has its own characteristics and reserves for improvement. In order to comply with the rule of law and increase the efficiency of foreign trade activities in relation to petroleum products, it is necessary to strictly control all stages of the logistics process. Effective customs logistics implies an integrated approach to solving problems from the perspective of identifying costs and reducing them in conjunction with all logistics links – from supply to distribution. In the course of the study, the specifics of the approach to customs operations in relation to petroleum products as an object of export and import logistics flows within the framework of their movement by various modes of transport were studied. The importance of the development of customs logistics for the development of foreign economic activity and the oil industry is also determined. The result of the study was the directions proposed by the authors to improve the efficiency of customs logistics in the export and import of petroleum products. They include: reduction of losses of oil and petroleum products during transportation; organization of the logistics process, taking into account the analysis of the best practices of oil processing enterprises; improvement of the efficiency of inventory management; optimization of transport routes and choice of vehicles; introduction of modern information technologies into logistics processes.

THE RELIABILITY EVALUATION OF THE DECK MACHINERY AND GALLEY EQUIPMENT OF A BULK CARRIER BY UTILIZING THE FAILURE RECORDS

Among various modes of transportation, maritime transportation holds critical importance since it provides substantial carrying capacity with low unit costs. To perform seamless and efficient operations in maritime transportation plays a pivotal role in achieving sustainable development goals and the International Maritime Organization (IMO) targets. The execution of uninterrupted operations can only be carried out with the existence of reliable systems. Creating reliable systems onboard is possible through the implementation of planned and proactive maintenance strategies and leveraging experiences gained from past failures. 10-year failure records of bulk carriers have been scrutinized within the scope of system reliability to determine critical equipment and units. The data has been categorized into subgroups under four fundamental headings, and subsequent reliability analyses have been conducted on each subgroup. Within the subgroups, the reliability of navigation equipment should be improved since it has the highest failure rate and its malfunction can cause very serious marine accidents. This equipment is followed by fire-fighting systems, cargo equipment, and GMDSS instruments which are essential for ship operations based on reliability results. Therefore, regular failure records, planned and proactive maintenance strategies, and also extra efforts should be performed on this equipment to ensure sustainable and seamless operations in the maritime sector.

Visualisation Testing of the Vertex Angle of the Spray Formed by Injected Diesel–Ethanol Fuel Blends

The internal combustion engine continues to be the main source of power in various modes of transport and industrial machines. This is due to its numerous advantages, such as easy adaptability, high efficiency, reliability and low fuel consumption. Despite these beneficial qualities of internal combustion engines, growing concerns are related to their negative environmental impacts. As a result, environmental protection has become a major factor determining advancements in the automotive industry in recent years, with the search for alternative fuels being one of the priorities in research and development activities. Among these, fuels of plant origin, mainly alcohols, are attracting a lot of attention due to their high oxygen content (around 35%). These fuels differ from diesel oil, for instance, in kinematic viscosity and density, which can affect the formation of the fuel spray and, consequently, the proper functioning of the compression–ignition engine, as well as the performance and purity of the exhaust gases emitted into the environment. The process of spray formation in direct injection compression–ignition engines is extremely complicated and requires detailed analysis of the fast-changing variables. This explains the need for using complicated research equipment enabling visualisation tests and making it possible to gain a more accurate understanding of the processes that take place. The present article aims to present the methodology for alternative fuel visualisation tests. To achieve this purpose, sprays formed by diesel–ethanol blends were recorded. A visualisation chamber and a high-speed camera were used for this purpose. The acquired video provided the material for the analysis of the changes in the vertex angle of the spray formed by the fuel blends. The test was carried out under reproducible conditions in line with the test methodology. The shape of the fuel spray is impacted by an increase in the proportional content of ethanol in the diesel and dodecanol blend. Based on the present findings, it is possible to note that the values of the vertex angle in the spray produced by the diesel–ethanol blend with the addition of dodecanol are most similar to those produced by diesel oil at an injection pressure of 100 MPa. The proposed methodology enables an analysis of the injection process based on the spray macrostructure parameters, and it can be applied in the testing of alternative fuels.

Methodology for Researching the Synthesis of Transport and Logistics Systems of the Kyrgyz Republic

The article discusses the research methodology for the synthesis of transport and logistics systems, adapted to the specific conditions of the Kyrgyz Republic. The relevance of the study is due to the need to increase the competitiveness of the national economy and realize the country’s transit potential through the creation of an effective logistics infrastructure. The proposed methodology is based on the integrated application of modern theories and concepts from the field of transport logistics, modeling, geographic information systems, intelligent transport systems, as well as the principles of green logistics and sustainable development. Particular attention is paid to taking into account the features of the mountainous terrain of Kyrgyzstan and the need to integrate various modes of transport into multimodal transportation. The methodology provides for the creation of an optimal network of logistics centers and transport hubs that concentrate cargo flows and ensure their efficient processing. The implementation of information technologies and systems is considered as a key factor in the integration of supply chain participants, monitoring of transport flows, modeling and optimization of logistics processes. Successful implementation will create a competitive transport and logistics system, integrated into global supply chains and meeting modern requirements for efficiency and sustainable development.

The Sustainable Organization Design for Transport Services: Guarantees of Origin (GOs) via Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS)

Abstract This study explores the potential for change that Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) can bring to the transportation sector. It seeks to tackle the pressing need for sustainable progress in light of increasing concerns about climate change and growing greenhouse gas emissions. The transportation industry, essential for global supply chains and movement, is confronted with the task of lessening its environmental impact while maintaining operational efficiency and dependability. The emergence of ITS presents a hopeful solution by combining information and communication technologies with transport infrastructure and vehicles to streamline logistics, improve safety, and reduce emissions. These systems offer crucial up-to-date information on traffic conditions, vehicle function, and route planning, enabling well-informed decision-making and effective resource management. This study focuses on the creative use of the "Guarantee of Origin" (GO) idea, typically utilized in the renewable energy industry to validate the environmental friendliness of energy sources, in the field of logistics and transportation. The research suggests that expanding the GO framework to include detailed emissions tracking for complete travel plans within an ITS system could greatly improve the sector's environmental responsibility and openness. Generating a clean GO is exclusively feasible within an ITS, particularly for intricate travel itineraries or AWBs. Using a qualitative approach, this study delves into an in-depth review of literature to investigate how the organizational structure of transportation needs to change in order to incorporate sustainability through ITS. The goal is to bridge the gap between ambitions for sustainable transportation and the practical steps necessary for their achievement. A new model for organizational design is proposed, which utilizes ITS and the GO concept. This model envisions a comprehensive travel system that integrates various modes of transport within a government-run cloud platform. It will allow for accurate calculation and distribution of emissions data for each segment and mode of transportation. Ultimately, this research aims to demonstrate that ITS can be considered as projects that reduce emissions upstream (UER), paving the way for new funding opportunities in digital infrastructure development with a focus on sustainability. This study supports the overall objective of reaching carbon neutrality and sustainable growth in the transportation industry, emphasizing the essential function of ITS in aiding this significant shift.

An optimization framework for efficient and sustainable logistics operations via transportation mode optimization and shipment consolidation: A case study for GE Gas Power

General Electric (GE) Gas Power, a leading manufacturer of gas and steam turbines, manufactures and installs these turbines in power generation plants worldwide. They source components for these turbines from suppliers globally and transport these components to manufacturing and assembly locations in the United States using various modes of transportation, including ocean, air, and ground. These transportation options have different lead times and costs. The challenge lies in identifying the most cost-effective solution that meets the assembly requirements, given the high volume of shipments and the complexity of the intermodal freight network. To address this challenge, a customized, multi-period (dynamic), multi-commodity network flow model and a novel heuristic approach with a rolling time horizon are developed. This model incorporates consolidation and storage options at intermediate nodes, allowing the business to optimize its shipments. This research addresses a unique real-world logistics problem and offers an optimization model together with an efficient solution approach for industry. Computational experiments indicate that the heuristic approach proposed can yield results closely aligned with those produced by state-of-the art commercial solvers. Furthermore, the experiments show the criticality of full container load shipments in achieving substantial cost-saving in global shipments.

Navigating the Global Supply Chain: Innovations and Challenges in DHL's Intermodal Transport Strategy

In the realm of global logistics, DHL stands out for its innovative approach to intermodal transport, seamlessly integrating various modes of transportation to optimize efficiency. This includes comprehensive services ranging from cargo inspection to customs clearance, all aimed at ensuring smooth cross-border solutions. However, DHL grapples with formidable challenges such as adverse weather conditions, traffic congestion, cargo safety concerns, and a shortage of skilled drivers. To address these challenges, the company is leveraging advanced technologies like predictive weather forecasting and electronic tracking systems. Moreover, strategic initiatives such as improving road transport strategies and adopting a Retain &amp; Rehire approach to driver management are being implemented to enhance operational resilience. Furthermore, the integration of cutting-edge technologies such as 5G and Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) communication promises to revolutionize DHL's transportation and logistics landscape, ensuring secure, punctual, and efficient delivery of shipments in an increasingly complex global market.

Glimpses of Lagos Through Vehicle Windows: The Motorized Returnee and Transient ‘Home’ in Teju Cole’s Every Day is for the Thief

ABSTRACT This article proposes interpreting the narrator of Teju Cole’s Every Day is for the Thief (2014) as a ‘motorized returnee’, exploring how his visual experiences through the windows of various modes of transportation resonate with his perception of ‘returning home’. I argue that the narrator’s progressive motorized lens reflects his deepening understanding of the transience of homelike landscapes and the irreversibility of his departure from home. As he navigates through different modes of transportation, the distance between him and his former hometown gradually narrows. Such progression is mirrored in the changing states of vehicle windows, moving from closed to open, and eventually, to a state where their presence is entirely neglected, depicting his transition from a detached observer’s perspective to an embedded inhabitant’s one. My analysis highlights that the danfo bus emerges as pivotal, both thematically and formally, during the narrator’s homecoming trip, providing him with a liminal space that maintains a balance between distance and proximity, estrangement, and vulnerability to unpack his complex perceptions of the landscapes of Lagos.

Global transboundary transmission path and risk of Mpox revealed with Least Cost Path model

ObjectivesThe recent surge of Mpox outbreaks in multiple countries has garnered global attention. As of July 12, 2023, there have been 88,288 reported cases of Mpox worldwide. Although genetic variation was not found to be the cause of the epidemic outbreak, the reasons for its rapid spread remain unclear. MethodsUsing the niche method, this study identified high-risk regions for Mpox and determined that human factors are the primary contributors to global risks. To further investigate, a travel network resistance surface was created based on various modes of transportation and was combined with sea, airline, highway, and railway routes to construct the least cost path for human travel networks in different risk areas. ResultsThe results indicated that high-risk regions for Mpox are mainly concentrated in Europe and the United States, with large risk ranges and high-risk values. The least cost path revealed three primary transmission paths rely on developed transportation networks, including internal transmission in North America, Europe-Africa, and Europe-Asia-Africa. These findings suggest that human activities, facilitated by developed travel networks, remain the main contributing factor to the spread. ConclusionsIn summary, based on the Mpox epidemic report, this study conducted risk prediction and driving factor analysis on Mpox. The research results indicate that human use of transportation for long-distance activities is a key factor leading to the rapid spread of the virus. Subsequently, we focused on studying the global transmission pathways of Mpox and revealed several transmission pathways with high global population migration rates by constructing the LCPs between different high-risk areas. This study also emphasizes the importance of applying early monitoring data of Mpox to model risk prediction in controlling emerging infectious diseases, providing a new perspective for controlling Mpox and similar diseases.

From 15-Minutes City to Proximity Paradigm: Insights from Surabaya Rungkut Development Unit

Quality of life correlates with mobility and transportation. The massive use of motorized vehicles increases pollution and transportation costs incurred, thus increasing the negative impact on urban systems that should create a more responsive, efficient, and sustainable system in facing these challenges. Therefore, there is a clear urgency to realize the distribution of facilities and infrastructure into smaller units, one of which is achieved by the 15-Minutes City concept. This research uses Content Analysis and Network Analysis respectively to identify the types of facilities and amenities and measure the residential reachability of each facility. There are 15 facilities categorized into 7 types of facilities. This study found that within 15 minutes, there are facilities that are most accessible on foot, namely: grocery stores, pharmacies, and kindergartens, and by cycling, namely: grocery stores, places of worship, and kindergartens. It is hoped that the results of this study can serve as a reference for the government in formulating policies for providing facilities based on the reachability of various modes of transportation, especially walking and cycling.