Various Methods Of Data Collection Research Articles

HIGHER EDUCATION AND MOBILITY

The purpose of the article is to determine the impact of technology and innovation on the opportunities for international learning and cooperation in higher education and mobility based on a survey and questionnaire. Methods: the experiment was carried out in stages, using a combined approach with the use of various methods of data collection and analysis. The participants of the study are 120 students of higher education institutions represented by different specialities and levels of education (bachelor, master, postgraduate). The scientific novelty of the work is determined by a comprehensive analysis of the impact of technology and innovation on the opportunities for international learning and cooperation in higher education and mobility of modern students. The study for the first time uses a combined approach, combining different methods of data collection and analysis, and covers a variety of mobility programmes and their popularity among students. The findings indicate that digital technologies have become an integral part of academic mobility, and their use helps students to maximise their time and conveniently interact with international partners. The study also revealed differences in the popularity of different mobility programmes and pointed to factors that may influence their attractiveness for students. The findings of the study indicate that technology greatly facilitates the process of academic mobility of students. They include virtual classes, distance learning, virtual exchanges, and other innovative approaches. These technologies help students to effectively find and choose international study opportunities, interact with partners, and receive information about study opportunities.

Methodology for Creating Personalized Adaptive Lighting Systems for Round-the-Clock Shift Workers

Light has a dominant non–visual effect on numerous physiological processes. Workers with non-standard schedules often suffer from the disturbance of circadian rhythms that depend on light. In this study, we have developed a methodology for creating an adaptive lighting system that helps maintain the psychophysiological state of employees in norm. The existing methods for adapting lighting were considered. It was concluded that the psychophysiological factor of adaptation is relevant for both employers and employees. Various methods of data collection for the functioning and development of the system were reviewed, including psychological techniques and biomonitoring devices. Based on the analysis, a methodology was developed for creating an adaptive lighting system for doctors with round-the-clock and night work schedules with the prospect of future scalability. This will improve the health of employees, which often deteriorates due to unsatisfactory working conditions. Based on the developed methodology, it is possible to create adaptive lighting systems in different areas that require non-standard schedules and increased accuracy to perform work tasks.

An Evaluation Framework for The Adoption of Big Data Technologies in Higher Educational Institutions

The aim of this study is to develop a framework for the use of Big Data Technology in Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The research which employed a mixed method approach, is primarily based on relevant critical analysis and literature review of studies conducted within the Big Data Technology area in higher education institutions. It investigated the processes of monitoring student performance by Namibian HEIs. The challenges faced by Namibian HEIs on the use of BDT. The various methods of data collection by Namibian HEIs and determined the level of readiness to adopt BDT.in Namibian HEIs. The study further undertook quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews with staff of the three (3) higher institutions in Namibia. A sample of 345 participants from International University of Management (IUM), Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST), and The University of Namibia comprising the study's population (UNAM) were selected for this study using the simple random sampling technique. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) constructs model was used to analyse to collect and analyse the quantitative data collected in this study. Finally, the study developed a sustainable framework that will guide the use of Big Data Technology in Namibian Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs). The validity of the framework was ascertained by expert reviews to ensure that the framework developed is effective and appropriate in fulfilling the purpose of the study and its objectives.

Methodological and methodical basis for the study of two-tiered anthropogenic landscapes

The study of anthropogenic landscapes is an urgent topic in modern geography and ecology. Anthropogenic landscapes arise due to the anthropogenic activity impact on nature and have a two-tiered structure consisting of natural and anthropogenic components. The study of these landscapes requires a scientifically substantiated methodological and methodical basis that will allow us to collect, analyze and interpret data on the subject. The purpose of the article is to consider the methodological and methodical aspects of the study of the two-tiered anthropogenic landscapes. It aims to define the theoretical foundations and practical approaches to the study of these landscapes, as well as to analyze the methods of data collection and processing that provide information about the natural and anthropogenic components of the landscape. Main material. The article discusses the basic concepts and theoretical foundations of the study of two-tiered anthropogenic landscapes, including their classification and identification. The author considers methodological approaches to the study of anthropogenic landscapes, including the use of various methods of data collection and processing, analysis of cartographic material and the use of geographic information systems. The scientific significance of this article lies in the fact that it provides new approaches to the study of the two-tiered nature of anthropogenic landscapes, which we can use in further scientific research and practical activities. The results of this study can be useful for geographers, ecologists and other specialists involved in the study and protection of nature. Conclusions and further research: The study of the two-tiered nature of anthropogenic landscapes uses a variety of methods that help scientists better understand and assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on the natural environment. The use of geoinformation analysis, socio-geographical research, statistical analysis and other methods allows us to get a more complete picture of the two-tiered system, taking into account various aspects of the interaction between the anthroposphere and the biosphere. The study of the two-tiered nature of anthropogenic landscapes is an important part of modern geography and ecology. The use of classifications, integrated methodologies and geoinformation analyses helps to investigate the relationship between human activity and natural environment.

Literature Review on the Impact of COVID-19 on the Mental Health of Diagnostic Imaging Professionals

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) and its impact globally is the largest topic of discussion in all healthcare research communities. The purpose of this literature review was to understand the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of diagnostic imaging professionals. This review identifies literature relevant to diagnostic imaging professionals. Comparison of articles from all over the world, survey results from various methods of data collection, factors causing mental health concerns, clinical problems, and study limitations inform this review to answer the question of whether and how COVID-19 has impacted the mental health of diagnostic imaging professionals. This limited review concludes that COVID-19 has negatively impacted the mental health of diagnostic imaging professionals, but there is little published information on this topic and more research needs to be done.

Climate Change Community-Based and Ecosystem-Based Adaptation Strategies in Selected Coastal Barangays in Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines

Climate change continues to intensify existing disaster risks and vulnerabilities in the Philippines. Thus, implementation of climate change adaptation strategies is vital to counter the effects of climate change. It is in this context that this study was undertaken to analyze the need or urgency to adopt community and ecosystem-based adaptation strategies among selected coastal barangays (villages) of Masinloc, Zambales, Philippines. Various methods of data collection were utilized such as secondary data collection, primary data collection through household survey, key informant interviews, and focus group. Results of the study indicate that in terms of community-based adaptation strategies, all of the seven barangays in Masinloc have moderate necessity. However, only Barangays Bani and Collat have high adaptation capacity in terms of infrastructure and disaster preparedness. The execution of several community-based adaptation strategies helps these barangays to respond immediately and appropriately to the moderate risk posed by floods and storm surges. On the other hand, in terms of ecosystem-based adaptation strategies, all of the seven barangays have moderate necessity which implies that they have moderate vulnerability and risk to flood and storm surge but have high adaptation capacity in terms of the conservation and protection of coastal resources (mangroves and sea grasses). The barangays implemented the necessary ecosystem-based adaptation mechanisms that they might need in the future. This only means that when they are faced with disaster, the local communities are prepared to respond appropriately and to cope up with the effects of extreme weather events which lead to floods and storm surge. Even though most of the ecosystem-based adaptation strategies are conducted by the seven barangays, there are several community-based adaptation strategies that are still lacking which will protect them from the effect of floods and storm surges. Hence, carrying out the missing adaptation strategies, both community-based and ecosystem-based, will help in improving the adaptive capacity of the affected barangays and will help them become more resilient to the amplified effects of climate change.

Acceptability of a self-management support intervention for people living with type 2 diabetes to promote a person-centered approach by nurses: A qualitative study

BackgroundThe diabetes guidelines recommend that healthcare professionals adopt a person-centred approach when they support the self-management of people living with type 2 diabetes. However, nurses seem to have difficulty implementing this approach in their clinical practice. The Person-Centred Approach Diabetes Self-Management Support is an individual intervention to promote the adoption of a person-centred approach among nurses who intervene with people living with type 2 diabetes having self-management difficulties. The intervention includes a tool, the Needs Map, which starts the encounter from the person's needs, concerns, and beliefs and targets intervention strategies according to these factors. ObjectivesTo explore the acceptability of the Person-Centred Approach Diabetes Self-Management Support as an intervention for nurses to support adults living with type 2 diabetes. DesignA qualitative descriptive interpretative approach. SettingsTwo local community service centers in Quebec (Canada) that already provide self-management education and support to people living with type 2 diabetes. ParticipantsTen adults living with type 2 diabetes with self-management difficulties and two nurses. MethodsEach adult met the same nurse twice during a 30-minute individual self-management support session in which the nurse used the new intervention, one to three months apart. Various methods of data collection were used: individual interviews, focus group, and dyadic interviews with persons living with diabetes and nurses as well as observation of self-management support sessions and collection of the Needs Maps elaborated in those encounters. FindingsThe results suggest that the person-centred intervention is generally well accepted by persons and nurses. Five main themes stand out in relation to acceptability: positive experience (feeling listened to and considered, and not feeling judged), consistent with personal values (placing the person at the heart of the intervention), having to adapt to a new way of doing things (ability increases with practice), requires cognitive and emotional effort (questioning oneself, experiencing difficult emotions, and losing one's usual bearings), and more effective than usual interventions (promoting adoption of person-centred approach, relevance of the visual aspect, raising awareness, and mobilising toward action). ConclusionThe intervention seems to have led to the adoption of a person-centred approach by nurses. It would be relevant to explore in future studies if it persists over time and can lead to lasting tangible effects on person self-management as well as various parameters of their health, including their quality of life.

Changes in Assessment and Its Influence on Student Learning in Secondary Schools in Brunei Darussalam

This study is a phenomenological study that uses a qualitative approach. Seven participants were selected in this study by objective sampling. Data were obtained in triangulation involving various methods of data collection, namely by using in-depth interview methods, non-participant direct classroom observations, and documentary evidence. Findings show that the influence of assessment on learning among them is the mastery of lesson materials, improving academic achievement, and student attitudes. Overall, the findings of the study show that assessment changes have a positive influence on student learning in Islamic Education. It is therefore hoped that the assessment introduced will strengthen its implementation at all levels of schooling.

Critical Review of M-Learning in Total Quality Management Classroom Practice in an Indonesian Private University

<span lang="EN-GB">The widespread use of mobile phones has changed learning practices in the classroom. Many studies have already recommended the advantages of using mobile phones to teach religious education to university students. However, there is a lack of evidence for these advantages in the context of religious education. This research aims to test the effectiveness of M-learning’s utilization in educational programmes for Islamic religion teachers in a private university in Jakarta. A total of 41 pre-service teachers participated in this research. Various methods of data collection are used, including observation, written journals, students’ responses, and tests. Subsequently, the data are analysed utilizing both quantitative and qualitative methods. The findings show that M-learning encourages students’ awareness of conducting independent learning, creates a very interactive discussion atmosphere in class, and improves students’ communication skills in the learning process. However, numerous technical challenges are found in the implementation of M-learning, such as regarding skill in using applications, internet access, and essay tests. The findings of this research offer recommendations to fellow educators regarding using this as an alternative solution. </span>

Towards a Tourism and Community-Development Framework: An African Perspective

This article examines the perceptions of local people concerning the potential of tourism to alleviate poverty and bring about community development in the Manicaland Province, Zimbabwe. In-depth interviews, direct observations, and informal conversations were used to collect data in the four districts of Manicaland where there were functional community-based tourism (CBT) projects. After establishing a poverty criterion, data were collected from 43 local poor people in the four districts of the case study area. The results show that tourism development in Manicaland brought about community development through social, economic, environmental and cultural benefits. The authors suggest that there are interrelationships between tourism, poverty alleviation and community development. They show these interrelationships through a tourism and community-development framework which they developed based upon the results of the various methods of data collection used in this study.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN DATA DAN PENYEDIAAN SUKU CADANG SEBAGAI PENUNJANG PRODUKSI

The process of managing spare parts supply data at this time in some companies is still ineffective, because the process is still manually using ledgers to archive data that has been managed, this requires a long time so it is not efficient. To overcome the above problems, a computerized system is needed so that it can overcome problems and speed up the process. Therefore, this study proposes the design of a system of providing spare parts automatically based on various methods of data collection, analysis using PIECES to evaluate system performance and design which includes UML (Unified Modeling Language) as a tool to help object-oriented programming languages and use MySQL as a database , which in the end will produce a system that is well integrated. So from this research it is useful to facilitate the process of achieving company targets and to streamline the quality control system on production machines.

The Role of Higher Education Institutions in Preparing Youth to Manage a Sustainability-Oriented Future Workplace

Aim: This paper aims to highlight the different forms, levels and pathways of engagement with climate change and sustainability of young people living in different contexts of vulnerability and adaptability. It explores different perspectives and viewpoints of youth regarding complex and uncertain issues related to climate change and sustainability as well as their future role on the workplace.Research Methods: The critical interpretivist study was conducted in the Netherlands and South Africa, and participants were undergraduate and postgraduate university students from diverse socio-demographic and academic backgrounds in the two countries. The study applied various methods of data collection including focus groups, interviews, policy document reviews as well as participant-observation at several youth and environmental events and forums.Conclusions/Findings: Key findings highlight the importance of building resilience and empowering academic and civic platforms that enhance young people's competences to manage sustainability-oriented lifestyles and workplaces through critical, creative, and collaborative processes.

Analisis kebijakan politik hukum pemerintah Kota Cilegon atas peningkatan kesejahteraan rakyat Tahun 2010-2015

The study aims to determine the extent of policy effectiveness that comes from the polarization of executive and legislative relations can affect the welfare of the people of Cilegon city. To get the achievement and progress for the improvement of people's welfare, it is necessary to analyze policy concerning politic and law policy to be reviewed to document, observation and interview. thereby facilitating an analytical, constructive, explorative and documentative study. this is often called the data triangulation method. method is merging various methods of data collection. The research was conducted in Cilegon city using Qualitative research with Grounded Theory approach. data collection techniques is by data triangulation method. this is often called a method that combines various methods of data collection, such as observation, interviews and documentation. of this research is expected to increase the productivity of policies and efficiency of planning programs in the field of politics and law formulated by the regional government of Cilegon city can improve people's welfare. The results achieved from this research is the political policy of law conducted by the City Government Cilegon can encourage the improvement of the welfare of the people, this can be seen from the legislation product endorsed by Parliament Cilegon in quality and quantity is very good so that the product can be implemented properly by executives and provide juridical strength for the City Government Cilegon in improving economic development, as seen from indicators of improving the welfare of the people themselves. The political policy of law that is processed and in synergy between the existing government institutions in Cilegon City, indicates the strong and strong commitment of these institutions to encourage and improve the welfare of a just and equitable people.

Juliane Hammer, Peaceful Families: American Muslim Efforts Against Domestic Violence

American Religion 1, no. 2 (Spring 2020), pp. 145–147 Copyright © 2020, The Trustees of Indiana University • doi: 10.2979/amerreli.1.2.17 Book Review Juliane Hammer, Peaceful Families: American Muslim Efforts Against Domestic Violence (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2019) Merin Shobhana Xavier Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada Juliane Hammer’s new book, Peaceful Families: American Muslim Efforts Against Domestic Violence, employs various methods of data collection, including ethnography, semi-structured interviews, and media analysis, to discuss domestic violence (DV) in America, while centering the advocacy and policy work of American Muslim organizations against domestic violence. The first chapter situates the central story that catalyzed this project, and that is of Aasiya Zubair, whose brutal death at the hands of her husband received wide media attention in America. Zubair’s narrative is contrasted to Mildred Muhammad, an African-American Muslim woman and the ex-wife of the infamous John Allen Muhammad (the DC sniper) (whose story is unpacked further in chapter two) whose troubled relationship with her ex-husband did not elicit the same media attention as Zubair’s, likely due to her racialized identity. In centering the stories of these varyingly racialized Muslim women, Hammer questions the role that honor, in the context of culture, plays in some Muslim communities, while also critiquing how American media’s anti-Muslim sentiments implicated the ways these women’s stories were consumed by a popular audience. Having raised these central queries, chapter three shifts the analysis to consider the role of domestic violence awareness through education amongst Muslim American Religion 1:2 146 communities, particularly in terms of the resources and services that are made available. Chapter four further develops the need for education around domestic violence, while chapter five examines the work of American Muslim male prayer leaders (imams) and their efforts against domestic violence, especially in the context of mosques. Chapter six surveys some of the services that are available to Muslim victims and the survivors of domestic violence, such as FAITH (Foundation for Appropriate and Immediate Temporary Help) and Peaceful Families. This chapter utilizes the author’s interview material to create vignettes of individual service providers and advocates, be they Muslim woman lawyers or counselors, who have created organizations that support battered women across America. For instance, it provides some field note reflections of Hammer’s visit to a Muslim women’s group home, where she participated in group counseling and took part in a meal and prayers. Here the need for having a specific Muslim women -only group home that addresses the cultural and religious needs of Muslim women is highlighted. DV-support systems that serve Muslim victims are important resources, however their focus on Muslim clientele means that they are not eligible to receive funding from the federal and state level, because the services provided are not publicly available to non-Muslims. As such, many of the noted organizations that serve Muslim women are dependent on funding and patronage from Muslim communities and individual patrons. Yet, such support remains an issue, as some of the same communities have a difficult time acknowledging the existence of domestic violence and abuse as a problem. Further, even in the context of interfaith -based anti-DV organizations, Hammer found instances (i.e., workshops) that maintained racist or bigoted perceptions of Islam. Islam was treated as a unique threat to anti-DV work; much of this is because, as Hammer writes, “Muslims, as advocates, providers, and victims, are never disconnected from negative perceptions of their religion and communities, and are even affected by them if they themselves do not foreground being Muslims as their defining identity” (222). One of the consistent themes that appears throughout the study is the praxis of Qur’anic verse 4:34, and the challenge it poses to the idea of an Islam, at least scripturally, that is against domestic violence and abuse. Here the responses by Muslims, religious leaders, and anti-DV advocates and providers indicate how they navigate the realities of gender justice and equity and/or egalitarianism differently. For instance, Hammer found that many of her interlocutors constructed notions of “protective” or “benevolent patriarchy,” where some believed it is because of the God...

Judo as a tool for social integration in adolescents at risk of social exclusion: A pilot study

Purpose: Social policies of the advanced countries have begun to incorporate sport to speak on manifestations of social exclusion, as tool to reach out to young people, strengthen their identity or enhance self-esteem vulnerable groups. Judo can be a good tool for the fulfilment of this purpose because has a philosophy and educational practice that contains much of the core competencies of the educational system. The aim of this study is to analyse the incidence of judo practice in changing attitudes, values, norms and capabilities across organizational forms as a means of enhancing socialization in their interventions with young people at risk of social exclusion. Material/Methods: We used a qualitative research methodology, linked to interpretive or comprehensive paradigm with various methods of data collection: interviews (open o semi-structured), participant observation and literature review. The sample consists of 15 adolescents, 4 girls and 11 boys, of whom have been intervened in six cases. Results: The most significant findings have been is in the area of collaboration and cooperation. The dimension with the greatest improvement was related to cognitive aspects. It is observed a total acceptance in the sports rule, which will help to improve the acceptance of social norms. Conclusions: The results show that judo can be a reinforcement on different personal aspects of these young people and to serve as a tool of socialization.

ANALISIS KEBIJAKAN POLITIK HUKUM PEMERINTAH KOTA CILEGON ATAS PENINGKATAN PEMBANGUNAN EKONOMI TAHUN 2010-2015

ABSTRACT The research aims to find out how far the effectiveness of some of the making and stipulation of regulations and legislation support efforts to improve economic development, as happened in cilegon city. efforts to obtain the achievements and progress for the improvement of economic development need to be done policy analysis on matters relating to political and legal policy for then conducted a review of documents, observation and interview. thereby facilitating an analytical, constructive, explorative and documentative study. this is often called the data triangulation method. namely a method that combines various methods of data collection. The study was carried out in Cilegon city, divided into 4 stages: 1). preparation stage: preparation of proposals. 2). implementation stage: data collection and processing, 3). Reporting stage: preparation of reports and accountability. 4). stages of publication: dissemination in local and / or national seminars and publications in accredited scientific journals. In this research the methodology used is Qualitiative with Grounded Theory Approach. data collection techniques is by data triangulation method. this is often called a method that combines various methods of data collection, such as observation, interviews and documentation. from this research is expected to increase the productivity of policies and efficiency of planning programs in the field of politics and law formulated by the regional government of Cilegon city can increase economic development and people's welfare. The results achieved from this research is the policy of political law conducted by the City Government Cilegon can push for the increase of regional economic development, it can be seen from the legislation product that legitimately by the Parliament of Cilegon City in quality and quantity has been so good that the product can well executed by the executive and provide juridical strength for the City Government of Cilegon in the improvement of economic development, as seen from the indicators of improvement of economic development itself. The political policy of law that is processed and synergized between government institutions in Kota Cilegon, indicates the strong and strong commitment of these institutions to encourage and promote economic development on an ongoing and measurable basis. Keywords: Political Law, Regional Government, Economic Developmen

Жилищная мобильность: направления социологического анализа

Елизавета Валерьевна Полухина – к. с. н., доцент факультета социальных наук НИУ ВШЭ, доцент ГАУГН, Москва, Россия. Электронная почта: epolukhina@hse.ru
 DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2017-15-4-589-602
 Статья описывает смену индивидом места жительства, т. е. явление жилищной мобильности. Актуализируется идея изучения жилищного опыта, историй смены жилья и тенденций в изменении жилых пространств. Жилищная мобильность рассматривается преимущественно в контексте переездов внутри одного города. Предлагаемый анализ позволяет понять: (а) какие динамические процессы происходят в жизнедеятельности изучаемых групп и территорий; (б) как меняется социальная и физическая структура среды обитания; (в) какими смыслами наполняется это изменение. Оптика рассматриваемого явления помогает увидеть какие социальные группы «преуспевают» в рамках существующего порядка, а какие находятся в стагнации. Такая аналитика является значимой для обнаружения социальных проблем. Поднимаются вопросы о критериях выделения жилищного статуса как иерархической позиции, важности учета многокомпонентной структуры, влияющей на этот статус (значение жилья в структуре доходов, отношения собственности, характеристики основного места жительства). В статье сделан акцент на методических ограничениях изучения жилищной мобильности. Во-первых, показана неоднозначность в определении элементов жилищного статуса, границ в формировании жилищных групп и носителей статуса (семья или индивид). Во-вторых, обозначена проблема в определении генеральной совокупности. В-третьих, обсуждается недоступность наиболее «мобильных» и ресурсных групп, проживающих в «труднодоступных» жилых домах (подъездах с консьержами, например) и редко находящихся дома, что ограничивает опросы по месту жительства и вынуждает комбинировать различные методы сбора данных. В-четвертых, представленные в социологическом арсенале шкалы типов жилья и жилищных условий разобщены и эмпирически не укоренены, так как не учитывают особенностей жилищного фонда и многокомпонентную структуру жилищного статуса россиянина. Адекватным методическим решением является работа с локальными территориями – малыми городами, районами, селами. В статье обозначена важность интеграции качественных методов, изучающих смысл жилищных изменений, и количественных, позволяющих понять их масштаб и динамику трансформаций при изучении жилищной мобильности.

Value co-creation practices and capabilities: Sustained purposeful engagement across B2B systems

The paradigm of value co-creation in business markets is now well established in the marketing literature. However, the practices and capabilities for collaborative value co-creation are less understood, particularly in increasingly boundary-less interorganizational, network and ecosystem relationships. This paper describes sets of practices that organizations in business markets adopt to co-create value. We provide a theoretically-grounded, empirically-informed classification of value co-creating practices, identifying the underlying capabilities needed to realize value in B2B systems. We adopt a case study approach utilizing various methods of data collection to explore co-creation practices from four organizations. The analysis reveals that ‘sustained purposeful engagement’ underpins the organizations' ability to co-create and capture value. Implications for organizations willing to develop co-creation capabilities and practices are discussed.

Confirmation of the Chinese Version of the Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire Short Form (PIUQ-SF)

Although an increasing number of studies have focused on problematic Internet use, numerous measures exist with only modest investigation into their reliability and validity, both within and across different cultures (Kiraly et al. 2015). The most frequently used questionnaire is the Internet Addiction Test (Young 1998). However, its factor structure appears to be unstable (e.g., Fernandez-Villa et al. 2015; Pontesetal. 2014). Koronczai et al. (2011) suggested that a suitable measure should fit six basic requirements. More specifically, it should be (i) comprehensive, that is examining more, possibly all, aspects of problematic Internet use; (ii) as concise as possible, in order to be able to assess the more impulsive population, and to use in time-limited surveys (or having different forms with different length). Such a measure should be (iii) reliable and valid for different methods of data collection (e.g. online, paper-and-pencil self-rating, face-to-face); as well as (iv) for different age groups (e.g. adolescents and adults), and (v) in different cultural settings. Finally, (vi) cut-off scores should be defined on the basis of clinical examination. The Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire (PIUQ) (Demetrovics et al. 2008) fulfills several of the aforementioned criteria. The 18-item PIUQ is a comprehensive measure that assesses three basic aspects of problematic Internet use (i.e., obsession, neglect, and control disorder). The 18-item and the shorter 9-item versions of the PIUQ have a reliable structure, and are suitable for time-limited surveys and have proved to be valid across various methods of data collection (i.e., online as well as paper-pencil) and age groups (Demetrovics et al. 2008; Koronczai et al. 2011). However, its implementation has so far mostly taken place in Western individualistic cultures (Kelley and Gruber 2010, 2013; Koronczai et al. 2011; Zahodne et al. 2011. To date, the PIUQ has also been applied in a survey in Iran with good Cronbach’s alpha coefficients and subscales (Mazhari 2012a, 2012b). Consequently, validation of the questionnaire in a culture that is significantly different from the Western culture is needed. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was the validation of the 9-item PIUQ among the Chinese population.

Children’s Perspective on Subjective Wellbeing Living in Tirana

The main focus of this study is to draw an overall development of children, especially during the transition from childhood to adolescence age. Dynamic relationship, effects that certain periods, activities and relationships may have on their general wellbeing. In this study are interviewed twelve children living in Tirana. Interviews with children didn’t last more than an hour and thirty minutes. The interview was semi-structured and drafted in a way that was not boring for them, but interesting so that children could express themselves through a variety of communication forms. This was accomplished by including various methods of data collection as activities to break the ice, drawing or writing techniques, different exercises, use of visual aids, writing an essay or paper.The conceptual framework used in this study highlights the relationships of children with the world in which they live. The biological model presented by Bronfenbrenner is a key instrument in presenting this perspective. The views of children regarding health and wellbeing were focused mainly on the physical aspect of it. Proper nutrition and getting into physical activity were considered for most of them key factors for having a healthy body. Children generally considered themselves as healthy . All children interviewed considered smoking as a negative habit and none of them thought they would drink when he/she grew up. Alcohol is not considered to be as negative as cigarettes, if drinked carefully. All of them had had at least one experiece with or alcohol consumption. When thinking about parenting almost all children thought it was something hard. Being a parent for them meant being very careful and responsible with children. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2016.v5n1p139