Various Levels Of Physical Activity Research Articles

Titration of sedentary behavior with varying physical activity levels reduces mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Both physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) exert important impact on type 2 diabetes, but it remains unclear how maximum impact on improving the mortality and optimized proportion of the two lifestyles combination exists. To explore the impacts of PA/SB combinations on mortality in patients with diabetes. Patients with type 2 diabetes patients samplings were collected from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset. Their lifestyles were categorized into eight groups based on combinations of the PA and SB levels. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals. During the follow-up period, 1,148 deaths (18.94%) were recorded. High SB (sedentary time ≥6 hours/day) was significantly associated with higher all-cause mortality (HR 1.65). In participants with low SB (<6 hours/day), low PA was associated with lower all-cause mortality (HR 0.43), while further increase of PA level did not show further reduction in either all-cause or cardiovascular mortality. In contrast, in participants with high SB，all levels of PA were associated with lower all-cause mortality (p<0.05), but only moderate PA was associated with lower cardiovascular mortality (HR 0.30). In patients with type 2 diabetes, different combinations of various levels of PA and SB are associated with different degree of risk for all-cause or cardiovascular mortality.

Examining the association between delay discounting, delay aversion and physical activity in Chinese adults with type-2 diabetes mellitus.

The role of physical activity in diabetes is critical, influencing this disease's development, man-agement, and overall outcomes. In China, 22.3% of adults do not meet the minimum level of physical activity recommended by the World Health Organization. Therefore, it is imperative to identify the factors that contributing to lack of physical activity must be identified. To investigate the relationship among delay discounting, delay aversion, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and various levels of physical activity in Chinese adults diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 2023, 400 adults with T2DM were recruited from the People's Hospital of Linxia Hui Autonomous Prefecture of Gansu Province. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to gather demographic data and details on physical activity, delay discounting, and delay aversion. In addition, HbA1c levels were measured in all 400 participants. The primary independent variables considered were delay discounting and delay aversion. The outcome variables included HbA1c levels and different intensity levels of physical activity, including walking, moderate physical activity, and vigorous physical activity. Multiple linear regression models were utilized to assess the relationship between delay discounting, delay aversion, and HbA1c levels, along with the intensity of different physical activity measured in met-hours per week. After controlling for the sample characteristics, delay discounting was negatively associated with moderate physical activity (β = -2.386, 95%CI: -4.370 to -0.401). Meanwhile, delay aversion was negatively associated with the level of moderate physical activity (β = -3.527, 95% CI: -5.578 to -1.476) in the multiple linear regression model, with statistically significant differences. Elevated delay discounting and increased delay aversion correlated with reduced levels of moderate physical activity. Result suggests that delay discounting and aversion may influence engagement in moderate physical activity. This study recommends that health administration and government consider delay discounting and delay aversion when formulating behavioral intervention strategies and treatment guidelines involving physical activity for patients with T2DM, which may increase participation in physical activity. This study contributes a novel perspective to the research on physical activity in adults with T2DM by examining the significance of future health considerations and the role of emotional responses to delays.

Anxiety levels of young people in Gazipur, Bangladesh, with different physical activity levels

Background: An occasional feeling of anxiousness is common in life. Concerns about one's health, finances, or family issues are common. However, anxiety disorders encompass more than just fleeting fear or worry. People who suffer from anxiety disorders often experience persistent anxiety that may worsen with time. The symptoms may make it difficult to carry out regular tasks including relationships, employment, work and schooling. It is crucial to comprehend the psychological well-being of the Bangladeshi population during this unpredictable global period. Less information is currently available about the patterns of anxiety among adult Bangladeshis across time. The people's mental health has been severely impacted by their fear of infection and confusion about the situation. The purpose of this study is to make it easier to counsel the young people on how to promote their psychological health and better lifestyle by boosting their physical activity. Method: Data was gathered using a well-structured questionnaire that included sections including one for demographics. Because of its thoughtful validity and practicability, we employed the generalized anxiety disorder scale to evaluate anxiety levels and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire scale to test various levels of physical activity. Subsequently, the two variables were compared to determine the relationship between anxiety levels and various degrees of physical activity. Results: Anxiety was determined to be 8.20 ± 3.67 on average in the sample and the prevalence of anxiety (GAD-8 score 10 or greater) was determined to be 31.2%. Using Pearson correlation analysis, it was discovered that growing older was a risk factor for anxiety. Anxiety and Physical Activity differed significantly, according to a one-way analysis of variance. There was a significant difference in anxiety levels between those who engaged in vigorous physical activity and those who did not, according to the post-hoc Tukey test.

Assessment of the aerogenic risk in adolescent boys at various levels of physical activity

Introdution. Aerogenic exposure to chemicals can contribute to the formation of violations of the main regulatory systems of the body. &#x0D; The aim is to assess the aerogenic risk to the health in adolescent boys at various levels of physical activity. &#x0D; Materials and methods. The content of chemicals in the air of sports halls of general education and sports schools was assessed by single samples, the risk was calculated from the average values of samples taken over 1 hour. The risk is calculated for young 13–17 years boys, taking into account somatometric indicators, the intensity of physical activity.&#x0D; Results. Somatometric indicators of adolescents with moderate and intense levels of activity corresponded to the age norm. The concentrations of suspended solids, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen, formaldehyde in the air of sports halls met the hygienic standards. An aerogenic risk at a moderate level of activity corresponded to hazard index (HI) = 1.5–1.9 at rest, HI = 1.9–2.3 after exercise; intensive level – HI=2.1–4 and HI=3.9–7, respectively. The value of HI at rest and after exercise by 57–58.9% is determined by the content of suspended solids, including PM2.5 = 30-32%, PM10 = 25-26.9%.&#x0D; Limitations of the study are due to the fact that when assessing the hazard index, not all chemicals that may be present in the air of sports facilities are taken into account. &#x0D; Conclusion. The study points to the need to control chemicals in the air of sports facilities and study the effect of chemicals on the state of the leading systems &#x0D; of adolescents, taking into account the level of physical activity.

Automatic processes moderate the association between reflective processes and movement behavior: A cross-sectional study

Dual-process theories postulate that both reflective and automatic processes regulate health behavior. Further research is required to test the basic postulates of dual-process theories. We investigated the direct associations and moderating effect between automatic processes and multiple indicators of reflective processes on various levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior assessed using accelerometry in adults who were not participating in regular physical exercise programs. This cross-sectional study included 257 adults. Each participant completed a computerized test for automatic associations, a set of questions assessing reflective processes, a seven-day assessment using accelerometers to determine their levels of physical activity and sedentary behavior. The results showed a direct relationship between perceived benefits (B = 15.90, p = 0.043), perceived cons (B = −12.81, p = 0.034), decisional intention (B = −0.07, p = 0.049) with light physical activity, and self-efficacy with daily steps (B = 485.71, p = 0.008). There was a positive association between intention strength and daily steps when implicit associations favored physical activity (b = 623.36, LLCI = 79.09, ULCI = 1167.62, p = 0.025); a negative association between self-efficacy and sedentary behavior when implicit associations favored sedentary behavior (b = −25.73, LLCI = −49.77, ULCI = −1.70, p = 0.035); and a positive association between intention strength and sedentary behavior when implicit associations favored physical activity (b = 34.18, LLCI = 8.81, ULCI = 59.56, p = 0.008). These findings underscore the importance of considering the interplay between reflective and automatic processes in shaping movement behavior.

Prevalence of sufficient physical activity among general adult population and sub-populations with chronic conditions or disability in the USA.

Recently, the World Health Organization (WHO) released an updated global guideline on physical activity and sedentary behavior, including recommendations for sub-populations living with chronic conditions or disabilities. We aimed to examine the prevalence of meeting the WHO recommendations among these sub-populations in the USA. We conducted a cross-sectional study using data from the 2017 to 2018 cycle of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). We revealed variations in physical activity levels among individuals with chronic conditions and disability. US adults with diabetes, hypertension or disability had a lower prevalence of recommended physical activity levels than the general population. In addition, certain demographic groups such as being female, older and having lower socioeconomic status were associated with a lower likelihood of meeting the WHO recommendations on physical activity. Our findings underscore the importance of promoting physical activity levels among US adults, especially those with older age, low socioeconomic status, hypertension and disability.

P-161 Impact of physical activity (PA) on oocyte quality: a prospective study among IVF/ICSI patients

Abstract Study question To determine if various levels of PA have an influence on oocyte quality, ovarian response to controlled stimulation and IVF/ICSI success rate. Summary answer Globally, PA has no influence on ovarian response in IVF cycles. However, in certain subgroups (endometriosis, disovulation, normal-BMI) high PA is associated with higher response. What is known already Lifestyle is considered a key factor concerning health. According to WHO, moderate PA is an effective way to lower the risk of many pathologic conditions, although the impact of PA on female fertility is still unknown. There is scientific evidence that vigorous exercise can be detrimental for female fertility Studies evaluating the effect of PA on oocyte quality are lacking. However, murine models show that PA may have a positive impact on it. Study design, size, duration Prospective observational study. PA was evaluated before the IVF cycle, using the International PA Questionnaire (IPAQ) (n = 617), assessing frequency and duration of PA in the previous week, and using accelerometer (n = 102). Mean age of women was 35. Patients were classified into three levels of PA: low, moderate, high. The following outcome measures were analysed: number of collected oocytes, mature oocytes, ovarian response, biochemical pregnancy rate. Size: 617 infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles January 2019 - October 2020 Participants/materials, setting, methods 617 participants voluntarily fulfilled the IPAQ prior to IVF/ICSI cycle. Ethical approval was obtained from the Clinical Research Ethics Committee (CEIC E19/06). IPAQ’s results were measured in metabolic equivalent of task (METs-min/week) (Walking = 3.3 METs; Moderate PA = 4 METs; Vigorous PA = 8 METs). 1 MET = resting metabolic rate. In 102 participants PA was objectively measured for 7 consecutive days, prior to IVF cycle, using triaxial accelerometry. Setting: Human Reproduction Unit of a Universitary Hospital (Spain) Main results and the role of chance The number of collected oocytes was similar in all three groups according IPAQ (9.23 ± 7.72; 8.35 ± 5.57; 8.82 ± 6.38). Something similar happened with the number of mature oocytes (MII) (6.97 ± 5.99; 6.84 ± 4.85; 7.05 ± 5.61) and fertilized oocytes (3.72 ± 3.84; 4.16 ± 3.35; 3.98 ± 3.88). Biochemical pregnancy rate was slightly superior in high PA vs moderate vs low (38% vs 34.8% vs 29%), but without statistical significance. In the subgroup of patients having endometriosis the number of MII oocytes was significantly superior in high and moderate vs low PA (p = 0.024). In the group of disovulating women there were also more MII oocytes in high vs moderate vs low PA (p = 0.038). When performing the analysis according to accelerometer, even though the number of total collected oocytes (9.93 ± 9.1; 7.93 ± 5.38), MII oocytes (8.36 ± 7.64; 6.79 ± 4.63) and fertilized oocytes (5.25 ± 6.41; 3.91 ± 2.82), tended to be slightly superior in high vs moderate PA, there were no significant differences. In women with normal BMI, high PA was associated with a greater number of collected oocytes (p = 0.005), MII oocytes (p = 0.004) and fertilized oocytes (p = 0.007). Limitations, reasons for caution This study was performed in infertile women undergoing IVF/ICSI cycles. Hence, it is not possible to determine if PA has an impact on natural fertility. The self-administration of IPAQ has some disadvantages as subjectivity, memory bias or overestimation of PA. Subgroups’ sample size was small. Wider implications of the findings In general it does not seem that modifying short-term PA in women undergoing IVF could improve oocyte quality. However in some subgroups of patients (endometriosis, disovulation, normal-weight women), perhaps changes in PA could improve oocyte quality and ART success rates. More prospective clinical studies are needed. Trial registration number Not applicable

Gait speed and kinesiophobia explain physical activity level in adults with osteoarthritis: A cross-sectional study.

Identifying potential contributing factors for physical inactivity in people with knee osteoarthritis is vital for designing practical activity promoting interventions. Walking is a common activity, but it is unknown how gait characteristics may influence physical activity and if psychological factors, specifically fear of movement (kinesiophobia), contribute to this relationship. The aim of our study was to investigate the contributions of select gait parameters and kinesiophobia to activity levels. Cross-sectional data from 40 participants (F 24|M 16; age 57.6 ± 8.9 years; BMI 34.7 ± 7.0 kg/m2 ) with uni- or bilateral knee osteoarthritis were included. Physical activity and kinesiophobia were assessed by self-report using the University of California, Los Angeles activity rating scale, and Tampa scale for kinesiophobia, respectively. Gait parameters were collected with three-dimensional gait analysis while participants walked on an instrumented split-belt treadmill at a self-selected speed. Higher peak sagittal plane joint moments at the ankle (ρ = 0.418, p = 0.007), and hip (ρ = 0.348, p = 0.028), faster self-selected gait speed (ρ = 0.553, p < 0.001), and less kinesiophobia or fear of movement (ρ = -0.695, p < 0.001) were independently related to higher physical activity level in adults with knee osteoarthritis. In hierarchical regression models, after accounting for covariates, only self-selected gait speed, and kinesiophobia significantly contributed to explaining the variation in physical activity level. Statement of clinical significance: Interventions aimed at improving physical activity participation in those with lower limb osteoarthritis should consider assessing the contribution of pain-related fear of movement.

Fourteen days free-living evaluation of an open-source algorithm for counting steps in healthy adults with a large variation in physical activity level

BackgroundThe number of steps by an individual, has traditionally been assessed with a pedometer, but increasingly with an accelerometer. The ActiLife software (AL) is the most common way to process accelerometer data to steps, but it is not open source which could aid understanding of measurement errors. The aim of this study was to compare assessment of steps from the open-source algorithm part of the GGIR package and two closed algorithms, AL normal (n) and low frequency extension (lfe) algorithms to Yamax pedometer, as reference. Free-living in healthy adults with a wide range of activity level was studied.ResultsA total 46 participants divided by activity level into a low-medium active group and a high active group, wore both an accelerometer and a pedometer for 14 days. In total 614 complete days were analyzed. A significant correlation between Yamax and all three algorithms was shown but all comparisons were significantly different with paired t-tests except for ALn vs Yamax. The mean bias shows that ALn slightly overestimated steps in the low-medium active group and slightly underestimated steps in high active group. The mean percentage error (MAPE) was 17% and 9% respectively. The ALlfe overestimated steps by approximately 6700/day in both groups and the MAPE was 88% in the low-medium active group and 43% in the high active group. The open-source algorithm underestimated steps with a systematic error related to activity level. The MAPE was 28% in the low-medium active group and 48% in the high active group.ConclusionThe open-source algorithm captures steps fairly well in low-medium active individuals when comparing with Yamax pedometer, but did not show satisfactory results in more active individuals, indicating that it must be modified before implemented in population research. The AL algorithm without the low frequency extension measures similar number of steps as Yamax in free-living and is a useful alternative before a valid open-source algorithm is available.

Physically active undergraduates perform better on executive-related oculomotor control: Evidence from the antisaccade task and pupillometry.

Previous studies have shown that exercise can improve executive function in young and older adults. However, it remains controversial whether a sufficient amount of physical activity leads to higher-level executive function. To examine the effect of physical activity on executive function, we used eye-tracking technology and the antisaccade task in 41 young undergraduates with various levels of physical activity. Moreover, we also investigated their differences in cognitive ability by examining their pupil size during the antisaccade task. Eye-tracking results showed that physically active individuals showed shorter saccade latency and higher accuracy in the antisaccade task than their physically inactive counterparts. Furthermore, the former showed larger pupil size during the preparatory period of antisaccade. These findings suggest that individuals with higher-level physical activity have higher-level executive function. The larger pupil sizes of physically active individuals may imply that their locus coeruleus-norepinephrine system and executive-related prefrontal cortex are more active, which contributes to their higher-level cognitive ability.

Accelerometer-Measured Physical Activity Levels and Patterns Vary in an Age- and Sex-Dependent Fashion among Finnish Children and Adolescents.

Background: The purpose of this study was to measure physical activity (PA), sedentary behavior (SB), and hour-by-hour PA patterns with an accelerometer in a population-based sample of Finnish children and adolescents. Methods: A total of 3274 participants (3rd, 5th, 7th, 9th graders) from 176 schools wore a hip-worn triaxial accelerometer for seven days during waking hours. Mean amplitude deviation of the acceleration data was used to assess PA intensity that was converted to metabolic equivalents and categorized into light, moderate, and vigorous PA. Angle for posture estimation was used to measure SB and standing. Results: The majority of participants’ PA consisted of light PA, and they were sedentary for more than half of their waking hours. Children were more active than adolescents, and boys were more active than girls. Participants took, on average, 9890 steps daily, and one third met the PA recommendation. The participants were divided into tertiles based on daily steps to investigate the variation in PA patterns. Compared to the least active tertile, the most active tertile took twice as many steps on weekdays and nearly three times as many steps on the weekend. Conclusions: The majority of the participants were not active enough, and there was a great variation in PA levels and patterns, especially among the adolescents and on weekends.

Respiratory responses to hypoxia during rest and exercise in individuals born pre-term: a state-of-the-art review.

The pre-term birth survival rate has increased considerably in recent decades, and research investigating the long-term effects of premature birth is growing. Moreover, altitude sojourns are increasing in popularity and are often accompanied by various levels of physical activity. Individuals born pre-term appear to exhibit altered acute ventilatory responses to hypoxia, potentially predisposing them to high-altitude illness. These impairments are likely due to the use of perinatal hyperoxia stunting the maturation of carotid body chemoreceptors, but may also be attributed to limited lung diffusion capacity and/or gas exchange inefficiency. Aerobic exercise capacity also appears to be reduced in this population. This may relate to the aforementioned respiratory impairments, or could be due to physiological limitations in pulmonary blood flow or at the exercising muscle (e.g. mitochondrial efficiency). However, surprisingly, the debilitative effects of exercise when performed at altitude do not seem to be exacerbated by premature birth. In fact, it is reasonable to speculate that pre-term birth could protect against the consequences of exercise combined with hypoxia. The mechanisms that underlie this assertion might relate to differences in oxidative stress responses or in cardiopulmonary morphology in pre-term individuals, compared to their full-term counterparts. Further research is required to elucidate the independent effects of neonatal treatment, sex differences and chronic lung disease, and to establish causality in some of the proposed mechanisms that could underlie the differences discussed throughout this review. A more in-depth understanding of the acclimatisation responses to chronic altitude exposures would also help to inform appropriate interventions in this clinical population.

Equalisation of Children's Various Levels of Physical Activity Using Increased Physical Activity at School Among Ninth Graders.

The purpose of this study was to examine whether 60 min of physical activity implemented during school hours, would have an impact on 15-year-olds' MVPA (moderate to vigorous physical activity) throughout the school day, and what effect it would have on low-, average-, and high- physically-active students. The intervention study included a sample of every 93 students in the ninth grade from a school in Trøndelag, Norway. Data on the students' physical activity levels during schooltime were measured using accelerometers and analyzed using the Actilife program. A significant higher change in MVPA was found in the intervention group compared to the control group, with an average increase of 25 min in MVPA in the pre-test to 42 min in post-test. Further analyses showed that the that both the low-active and the high-active had a significant increase in MVPA, taking the results of the control group into consideration. However, the low-active participants had the largest increase, with a 123% increase in MVPA during schooltime. The implication of the study is that PA interventions in school have the largest percentage effect among the low-active students in the study, which indicates that school-based interventions can be important in bridging social differences in MVPA among adolescents.

Physical inactivity, and its association with hypertension among employees in the district of Colombo

BackgroundPhysical inactivity is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality and is a major public health problem. Insufficient activity is responsible for a large proportion of non-communicable diseases such as hypertension.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess socioeconomic variations in physical activity and to measure the association between physical inactivity and hypertension among government officials in Sri Lanka.MethodsA cross-sectional study was carried out among 275 senior-officers(SOs) and 760 managerial-assistants(MAs) aged 30–60 years and attached to Public Administration institutions in Colombo District in Sri Lanka. Physical-activity(PA) was gathered using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire(IPAQ) adopted and validated to the Sri Lankan context. Blood pressure(measured and classified using JNC-7 guidelines) and anthropometric indices were recorded. Energy utilization of all vigorous and moderated PA and walking was expressed as metabolic-equivalent-of-task(MET) min per week. A total-MET-score was calculated and categorized based on IPAQ guidelines.ResultsSocioeconomic variations in PA levels were observed as 58.1%(n = 158) SOs and 30.6%(n = 226) MAs were involved in inadequate PA. Among the SOs diagnosed with hypertension, more half(59.1%; n = 52) were physically inactive, while among MAs, 65.9%(n = 143) with hypertension were physically inactive. After adjusting for potential confounding factors being physically inactive was associated with a higher risk of hypertension among SOs[OR 2.08 [95% CI 1.07, 4.6] and MAs[OR 2.8 [95% CI 1.8, 4.6]. The main modality of commuting to work for SOs(59%) was private transport, and MAs(64%) public transport Commuting distance was positively correlated(p < 0.05) with total transport MET among SOs and MAs. After adjusting for confounders, commuting distance of > 20 km was found to lower the odds of hypertension among SOs and MAs(OR = 0.713; 95% CI 0.4 to1.3; and OR = 0.63; 95% CI 0.46 to 0.87).ConclusionDespite the current knowledge that being physically active promotes health, the practice was different. Physical inactivity was associated with hypertension and prevalent among both SOs and MAs. Higher commuting distance is positively correlated with total transport MET and associated with lower odds of hypertension among SOs and MAs. Longitudinal studies are required to provide a causative association between physical inactivity and hypertension among these employees.

Beyond the Acute Phase: Understanding Relationships Among Cardiorespiratory Response to Exercises, Physical Activity Levels, and Quality of Life in Children After Burn Injuries

Abstract The long-term cardiorespiratory function in burn-injured children can be jeopardized due to complications brought on by the injury. This study sought to assess the cardiorespiratory responses to maximal exercise in children who sustained a burn injury and explore the relationships among cardiorespiratory response, physical activity levels (PALs), and health-related quality of life (HRQL). Forty-five burn-injured children (age: 13.89 ± 2.43 years; duration since burn injury: 3.13 ± 0.93 years) and 52 age- and gender-matched healthy children (14.15 ± 2.27 years) participated in this study. Both cohorts were evaluated for the maximal exercise capacity (defined by peak oxygen uptake [VO2peak], maximum heart rate [HRmax], minute ventilation [VE], ventilatory equivalent [VEq], respiratory rate [RR], and respiratory exchange ratio [RER]), PALs, and HRQL. The burn-injured children had significantly lower VO2peak (P = .0001) and VE (P = .003) and higher VEq (P &amp;lt; .0001) and RR (P = .007) than their healthy controls, indicating less-efficient cardiorespiratory capacity. However, the HRmax (P = .092) and RER (P = .251) were similar. The burn-injured children reported significantly lower PALs (P = .014) and HRQL (P &amp;lt; .0001). The PALs (r [95% CI] = .411 [0.132–0.624]; P = .005) and HRQL (r [95% CI] = .536 [0.284–0.712]; P = .0001) were significantly correlated with the cardiorespiratory capacity represented by VO2peak in burn-injured group. The variations in VO2peak explained ~17% and 28.7% of the variations in PALs and HRQL, respectively. In conclusion, the cardiorespiratory efficiency of the burn-injured children may remain limited, even up to a few years following the injury. The limited cardiorespiratory capacity accounts in part for the reduced PALs and HRQL.

Examining the Relationship between Cellphone Use Behavior, Perceived Exercise Benefit and Physical Exercise Level Among University Students in Taiwan.

This study investigated how perceived exercise benefit affects the relationship between cellphone usage and physical activity level. This cross-sectional study performed a survey of Taiwanese university students selected using cluster sampling. A total of 975 students were recruited (male = 367, female = 608, average age = 20.10 ± 1.42). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and hierarchical regression. The results show that cellphone usage was negatively correlated with physical activity level, whereas perceived exercise benefit was negatively correlated with cellphone usage and positively correlated with physical activity level. In hierarchical regression, the main effects of cellphone usage and perceived exercise benefit explained 22% of the variance in physical activity level. After controlling for the main effect, the interaction term accounted for an additional 1% of the variance. Cellphone usage and perceived exercise benefit thus had significant power to explain physical activity level. The results of this study reveal a novel phenomenon—that students who perceived the benefits of exercise to be greater are more physically active.

Increased Strength following Achilles Tendon Rupture Repair is Associated with Return to Same Level of Play in Patients with Higher Pre-Injury Level of Activity

Category:Hindfoot; Sports; TraumaIntroduction/Purpose:Rupture of the Achilles tendon is a common injury that requires a lengthy duration of recovery and rehabilitation. Patients of various levels of physical activity, ranging from professional high-impact sports to low-impact recreational activities, can be affected by this injury. Often, one of the most important outcomes from the patient’s perspective is the ability to return to the same pre-injury level of sporting activity after recovery. The objective of the current study is to examine the relationship between global ankle strength and the ability to return to previous level of play following surgical repair of an Achilles tendon tear.Methods:Patients aged 18-50 years old at a minimum 1-year post-op from surgical repair of an isolated Achilles tendon rupture were recruited to return for a study visit. Patients reported both pre-injury and current activity level using the 10-point Tegner Activity Level Scale. Isokinetic strength testing was performed and the Isokinetic Strength Score (ISS) was calculated using maximal effort dorsiflexion and plantarflexion strength at 30o/s, 90o/s, and 240o/s comparing the operative and uninvolved extremity. The primary outcome was the patients’ ability to return to same level of play or within 1 Tegner activity level. Logitistic regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between ISS and return to play. Subgroup analysis was performed on patients participating in high level athletic activity (pre-injury Tegner >= 7) an those participating in only recreational or low level activity (pre-injury Tegner <7).Results:A total of 36 patients (mean 35 years, 72% male) completed the study protocol at a mean 1.8 years post-op (range 1 year to 3.6 years). Logistic regression revealed no association between ISS and return to play in the complete cohort. Subgroup analysis revealed that for 20 patients who had participated in high level competitive athletics prior to injury (Pre-injury Tegner >= 7), for every 16 point increase in ISS, the odds ratio for return to same level of play was 8.3 (p=0.055) and the OR for return to within 1 Tegner level of play was 6.3 (p=0.043). There was no association between ISS and return to previous activity in the 16 patients with lower pre-injury levels of activity.Conclusion:Improved ankle strength was associated with return to previous level of activity only in patients who participate in high level athletic activity. These results suggest that patients with more strenuous athletic activity prior to injury are more dependent on recovery of ankle strength in the post-operative time period in order to return to their previous high level of play. In contrast, regaining strength may be less important for returning to normal activities for less active patients.

Epidemiological Study on the Dose-Effect Association between Physical Activity Volume and Body Composition of the Elderly in China.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate Chinese old adults’ different body compositions in response to various levels of physical activity (PA). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the dose–response relationship between PA and body composition in old adults. Methods: 2664 participants older than 60 years (males: n = 984, females: n = 1680) were recruited for this cross-sectional health survey. PA was assessed by the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and the body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) instruments. The differences of separate body composition indices (lean body mass, LBM; bone mass, BM; and fat mass, FM) of older participants with different PA levels (below PA recommendation and over PA recommendation) were examined using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). To compare the differences of three body composition indices with six different multiples of PA recommendation (0–1 REC, 1–2 REC, 2–4 REC, 4–6 REC, >6 REC), the one-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test was used for the post hoc analysis to identify the upper PA-benefit threshold in different indices of body composition. Results: The LBM and BM are significantly higher and the FM are significantly lower in old adults performing more PA volume than the WHO recommendation, compared with individuals performing less PA volume than the WHO recommendation. There were significant increases in LBM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, and “>6 REC” groups, compared with the “0–1 REC” group; and there were significant increases in BM for males in “1–2 REC”, “2–4 REC”, compared with the “0–1 REC” group. The best PA volume for LBM and BM in females was the PA volume of “2–4 REC”. Additionally, whether males or females, there was no significant difference in FM between the “0–1 REC” group and other separate groups. Conclusion: The PA volume that causes best benefit for body composition of the elderly occurs at 1 to 2 times the recommended minimum PA for males, while it occurs at 2 to 4 times that recommended for females. No additional harms for old adults’ body composition occurs at six or more times the recommended minimum PA.

Predictors of physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease: a cross-sectional study.

To investigate whether modifiable predictors (depressive symptoms, impairment in behavior and mood, balance impairments, and knee extensor muscle strength) are determinants of the physical activity level in Parkinson's disease. A cross-sectional study with individuals diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. Regression analysis of the data was used to investigate whether depressive symptoms, impairments in behavior and mood, balance impairments, or dominant knee extensor muscle strength are predictors of physical activity levels in Parkinson's disease. A total of 50 individuals with mild to moderate Parkinson's disease participated in this study, with a mean age of 67 ± 8 years and 68% male. Balance impairments explained 29% of the variation in the physical activity levels. The explained variance increased to 34% when depressive symptoms were included in the model. Among the predictor variables investigated in our study, only balance impairments and depressive symptoms explained the variance in physical activity levels in individuals with Parkinson's disease.

The information-motivation-behavioral skills model explains physical activity levels for adults with type 2 diabetes across all weight classes

ABSTRACT Physical activity is an evidence-based, effective treatment for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D), yet insufficient numbers of adults achieve recommended daily levels, particularly amongst higher weight classes. This cross-sectional study assessed whether the Information-Motivation-Behavioural Skills (IMB) Model explained physical activity levels in adults with T2D across different body mass index (BMI) levels (N = 381). Measures included the American Adults Knowledge of Exercise Recommendations (AAKER), Behavioural Regulation in Exercise Questionnaire (BREQ-2), Barriers Specific Self-Efficacy Scale (BARSE) and the outcome measure, International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ-short form). Analyses included structural equation modelling (SEM) and ordinal logistic regression models. SEM demonstrated a good fit of the IMB Model to the data, accounting for 44% of variance in physical activity levels. Both motivation and self-efficacy had a direct effect, and motivation indirectly predicted physical activity through self-efficacy. Further analyses found the effect of the IMB predictors did not vary according to BMI status. This study supports the application of the IMB Model in explaining physical activity behavior in adults with T2D. In particular, the contribution of motivation and self-efficacy as substantive and modifiable predictors of physical activity will facilitate the development of targeted and evidence-based interventions for individuals of all BMI classes.