Various Forms Of Tourism Research Articles

Open Space and Ocean Grabbing: The Sea in the Geographic Opening of the Galápagos

The sea has long been a barrier guaranteeing the ecological isolation of the Galápagos. When Ecuador annexed the archipelago, the sea became an obstacle, because neither the state nor the island residents had ships to maintain regular relations with the mainland. On the contrary, the Galápagos Islands are an open space for foreign actors who, having adequate transport, freely use its natural resources and strategic location. At the end of the twentieth century, air travel overcame the oceanic distance and led to the unlimited development of maritime and land tourism in the archipelago’s protected areas. The needs of the Galápagos’ growing population are supplied by cargo ships and, through a process of ocean grabbing, its sea is exploited by various forms of tourism and export fishing. The sea is thus the main vector of the geographical opening of the Galápagos, a process characteristic of globalization that causes profound spatial, ecological, and social changes in a once isolated region.

Aspiring Geopark Gorontalo: Geological Site Preparation Solution for Post-COVID-19 Tourism

The Geosite Area of Gorontalo Evaluated Using Quantitative Descriptive Research Method for Tourism Preparedness Post-COVID-19" The Gorontalo geosite area was evaluated using a quantitative descriptive research method in this study to determine its readiness to host tourism after COVID-19. Changes in the attitudes and behaviours of tourists have occurred as a result of the COVID-19 epidemic, significantly impacting the domestic and international tourism environment. The objective of this research is to gain an understanding of the factors motivating tourists, classify various forms of tourism, and observe specific geosites in Gorontalo based on official designations. Different local attitudes towards the "new normal tourism" are crucial factors in the highlighted destination preparation differences presented in the conclusions. Despite the economic considerations influencing the continuous implementation of health protocols, the government, local communities, and businesses must collaborate towards achieving optimal and sustainable tourism recovery

Phân tích mối tương quan về du lịch của tỉnh Bến Tre với khu vực lân cận dựa vào mô hình không gian

The article employs a spatial analysis model using two methods, Average Nearest Neighbour (ANN) and Kernel density, to identify correlations in tourism development in Ben Tre province compared to neighboring areas. The study focuses on surveying five types of tourist attractions: natural ecology, history and culture, modern entertainment, community, and spirituality. The results indicate the distribution trends of these types of attractions, serving as a basis for formulating resource exploitation strategies and developing various forms of tourism in Ben Tre province to create differentiation and enhance competitiveness in the region.

Międzypokoleniowe aspekty komunikacji marketingowej na przykładzie Parku Mużakowskiego

Division of the tourism market based on age allows for a more accurate adjustment of tools and methods of communication to the needs of individual groups. This leads to increased benefits for both tourism product providers and tourists themselves, who appreciate a diversified offer that takes into account their lifestyle and expectations. Research on the tourist activity of generations X, Y and Z can be included in the process of creating marketing messages addressed to tourists visiting Muskau Park in the Lubusz Voivodeship. The HubSpot tool, literature and generational research provide a solid basis for marketing communication strategies, innovations and various forms of tourism.

Sustainable tourism development activities and planning systems in Vhembe district, Limpopo province, South Africa: A comprehensive eco-touristic and sustainability perspective

PurposeThis study aims to examine Musina municipality’s tourism development status and plans with existing documents and respondents’ responses on their envisaged implications on tourism development and sustainability initiatives in Vhembe District, Limpopo Province, South Africa.Design/methodology/approachSurveys, interviews and focus group discussions, supplemented by field observation and document reviews, gray literature alongside published literature, were applied. Subsequently, Microsoft Excel and cross-tabulation analysis orchestrated the analysis of the data.FindingsThe policy and strategy aspects contributing to the previous and actual tourism statuses in Musina municipality are defined. The study concludes that Musina Municipality has rich tourism possibilities but lacks a better tourism strategy to empower local communities. Nonetheless, it dwells in the most tourism-based landscape within the Vhembe District of Limpopo.Originality/valueMusina Municipality is one of the driest areas in the north of Limpopo Province in South Africa. It is also marked by impoverished rural communities. Studies on sustainable tourism and development have increased in recent years. However, rare studies specialize in synergies within various forms of tourism. Also, significant resources to advance local communities in rural areas are not sufficiently appreciated.

Exploring the Potential of Adventure Tourism in Mongolia’s Eastern Region: A Resource-Based Approach

The tourism industry has emerged as a significant economic sector, playing a pivotal role in the socio-economic advancement of the nation. In recent years, special interest tourism has experienced rapid growth among various forms of tourism. This type of travel is characterized by individuals pursuing their unique interests, aspirations, and desire for novelty. Among the various types of special interest tourism, we have chosen adventure tourism. Currently, the range of adventure tourism services emerging in Mongolia is constrained, exhibiting limited innovation and failing to capitalize fully on available prospects. This form of tourism is confined to a select few activities, including horseback riding, cycling, hiking, camel riding, and mountain climbing. According to researchers, the majority of tourists exhibit a preference for skill-based adventure tourism in remote regions, as opposed to less skill-intensive adventure tourism in popular tourist destinations. The presence of abundant natural resources in the eastern region of Mongolia constitutes a distinct advantage for the advancement of adventure tourism. Nonetheless, a thorough examination of these natural resources is imperative to ascertain their suitability for the development of tourism, particularly adventure tourism. Adventure tourism natural resources can be categorized into two primary groups: land resources, encompassing mountains, rocks, sand dunes, steppes, and forest areas, and water resources, including rivers and lakes. Each of these two groups and their seven elemental resources exhibit distinct characteristics and indicators. This article delineates the indicators used to assess each element of these resources, presents the outcomes of research conducted to gauge their potential level (corresponding level), and highlights select findings from studies aimed at identifying natural resources for the advancement of adventure tourism in the eastern region of Mongolia.

Leveraging Information and Communication Technologies in Forest Ecotourism: A Case Study from Poland

Ecotourism encompasses various forms of tourism which are implemented in accordance with the principles of sustainable development of the EU. They maintain a balance between the three pillars of sustainable development: economic development, sustainable use of natural resources, and respect for social and cultural values. Ecotourism in forests holds particular significance due to its ability to sustain the ecological, social, and economic integrity of these areas. Activities promoting access to forests focus on ensuring a safe and enriching experience for forest users while simultaneously conserving nature. In response to the needs of forest tourism and recreation enthusiasts, innovative developments and new information and communications technologies (ICTs) such as websites, web platforms, mobile apps, QR codes, and others are being introduced with increasing frequency. These technologies already have a wide range of applications in providing access to tourism information and services in other sectors of tourism management and are now supplanting conventional sightseeing information systems. This paper aims to present the activities currently underway in connection with the development of a new tourism and recreation offering in the forests owned by the State Treasury and managed by the State Forests National Forest Holding in Poland. The research involved conducting an environmental survey among representatives of all forest districts in Poland (n = 425). A questionnaire survey was created using the Microsoft Forms web-based programme and made available online to representatives of all State Forests’ forest districts in Poland participating in the Stay Overnight in the Forest programme. The scope of this paper covers the present day, with a primary focus on desk research and analysis of statistics and source materials pertaining to the period from 2007 to 2022, retrieved from internal documents and reports prepared by the General Directorate of the State Forests. The research demonstrated that technological innovations such as mobile apps, social media, websites, web portals, and YouTube TV, when employed for developing forest tourism and forest recreation in Poland, can contribute to the advancement of the forest’s non-productive role, namely, a social role and in particular, the tourism, leisure, and recreational function of the State Forests.

Land Areas Management for Development of Tourism Different Types

This paper discusses the importance of the use of land resources for the development of tourism and recreational activities. The study of economic mechanisms of nature management stimulates interest in various forms of tourism, such as ecotourism, agrotourism, forest tourism. The expansion of the tourism industry, combined with a decrease in international tourist flows, leads to an increase in the number of specially protected natural areas. Land management is a system of measures aimed at compliance with land legislation, regulation of land relations and ensuring the rational use and conservation of land resources. The influence of factors connected with natural and cultural features of tourist places influences the development of land resources. In this paper, some researches are conducted to analyze how an efficient land management can stimulate different types of tourism. 

Sustainable Tourism of Important Plant Areas (IPAs)—A Case of Three Protected Areas of Vojvodina Province

In the northern part of Serbia, where the Autonomous Province (AP) of Vojvodina is located, a total of 27 important plant areas (IPAs) have been established. Within three selected IPAs, there are different biocenoses inhabited by endemic plant and animal species, which form a unique sensitive ecosystem. Furthermore, in these areas, there are wetlands and areas important for geodiversity maintenance. The three studied IPAs include the territory of special nature reserves of the same name: the Special Nature Reserve (SNR) Zasavica, the SNR Obedska Bara, and the SNR Koviljsko-Petrovaradinski Rit. In these selected protected areas, tourist activities are carried out at different levels of development and through various forms of tourism. This research used quantitative methodology to examine the degree of sustainable tourism development and its impact on residents. A total of 1134 respondents were surveyed using a questionnaire as an instrument. The obtained results indicate that the selected IPAs can be destinations for sustainable tourism development. Ecological and sociocultural dimensions of sustainability contribute to this type of tourism to the greatest extent. Analyzing the data related to the impact of sustainable tourism on the respondents’ satisfaction, we concluded that they feel a certain satisfaction with sustainable tourism in all three investigated protected areas. The survey results called attention to the possibility of developing nature-based forms of tourism, in which the residents’ role in tourism planning and development should be strengthened. All forms of tourism that are developed here should have the primary goal of protecting nature in these IPAs.

Tourist-regional work as a means of forming a healthy way of life for schoolchildren for schoolchildren

The purpose of the work is to systematization and analysis of literature data reveals the organizational and methodological foundations of tourism and local lore work of schoolchildren, which are effective, efficient and very powerful means of educating a comprehensive and harmoniously developed creative personality of schoolchildren. The results of modern scientific research show that a significant amount of empirical and theoretical and methodological material has been accumulated, which shows that the use of various forms of tourism and local lore provides a comprehensive nature in the education, upbringing and rehabilitation of schoolchildren.
 The health value of tourism is determined by the presence in the natural environment, the positive effect of various natural factors in conjunction with physical activity. It is natural factors combined with physical exercises, as scientists say, are effective means of strengthening the health and physical development of the child's body, which are best found in a variety of forms of tourist-local lore work.

Development Trends and Potential in the Field of Virtual Tourism after the COVID-19 Pandemic: Generation Z Example

Until the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, virtual tourism was not as popular as during its duration in 2021, when traveling in the real world was not possible due to social isolation and forced quarantine. In response to the lockdown and the lack of freedom of movement around the world, tourists decided to travel in cyberspace during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this way only, and without leaving home, could they visit tourist attractions, watch museum exhibitions, participate in various media events and take virtual walks. After the “unfreezing” of tourism, the time has now come to adapt tourism to the post-pandemic normality. The aim of the paper is to discover whether the new trend of online tourism that developed during the pandemic will stay with us forever and how it will evolve, especially for Generation Z, who are just entering the labor market but who, at the same time, will determine the future of tourism soon. The research results show that as the pandemic restrictions disappear, the need to experience various forms of tourism in places previously viewed in cyberspace (virtually), occurs among the representatives of Generation Z. Thus, virtual tourism is a form that precedes and complements a real journey. The qualitative method was chosen for the research conducted in Poland. The research was carried out in 2022. A total of 40 focus groups of 7 people each (N = 280) participated in the research. They consisted of Generation Z representatives born after 1995; the oldest of them will be 27 in 2022. In parallel, the method of in-depth individual interviews was used in the research. In order to reach the participants, a non-random sample was chosen using the “snowball” method. In total, 100 people took part in the in-depth individual interview. The two-track research allowed to obtain a total sample of N = 380.

The Rupite Protected Area, Bulgaria: Construction of a Landscape

By examining the different layers and roles of related actors, this study aims to reveal the ways in which the local people view the locality of Rupite in southwest Bulgaria and in which the landscape is constructed. The construction of Rupite as a landscape and tourist destination is mainly happening from the bottom up, through separate initiatives of different actors rather than following a certain vision or development plan created by the responsible institutions. Rupite is being constructed as a multi-layered landscape of sacred, cultural, historical and natural significance, on which different actors draw to develop various forms of tourism: religious, cultural and historical, spa. The inextricable connection, which was built between the image of the prophetess Vanga and Rupite, leads us to think about the locality as an extremely sacred place. Vanga and the sacrality form the main layer of the landscape. The rest of the elements (cultural, historical and natural) characterising the landscape, on the one hand serve as additional ‘evidence’ of the sacrality, and on the other, win recognition by means of the image of Vanga. Each actor related to Rupite constructs the place in a specific manner. However, all of them use one main mechanism and draw symbolic capital (and thus legitimise their positions and activities, even though these are often contradictory) from one main source – the image of Vanga.

Capturing Unobserved Tourists: Challenges and Opportunities of Processing Mobile Positioning Data in Tourism Research

Even though tourism (both domestic and international) is one of the main triggering factors of human mobility worldwide, some of its forms are unexplored. This can be partly linked with the lack of reliable data and obstacles related to data processing and interpretation. Mobile Positioning Data (MPD) allows us to identify various forms of tourism that are undetectable through traditional data sources such as accommodation statistics. Using MPD, not only same-day tourists but also the real time mobility patterns of tourists among various destinations can be revealed, and even hidden (i.e., unobserved) forms of tourism can be detected. However, despite the obvious benefits of such data, very few comprehensive studies exist to date on the processing, and interpretation of MPD in tourism research. In this paper, a case study is presented on the challenges and opportunities of processing MPD from raw to good quality researchable data offering a baseline tool for MPD-based research in the field of tourism. With the methodology introduced in this paper, it is possible to provide a more accurate picture of tourist flows regarding unobserved tourists, including same-day visitors.

Exploring the Experience of Traveling to Familiar Places in VR: An Empirical Study Using Google Earth VR

Considered to be an emerging topic in tourism research, traveling to familiar places benefits both the travelers and destinations. However, the current development of familiar tourism is severely affected by the epidemic. Recognizing the potential of virtual reality (VR), this research aims to explore VR’s relevance in the application of visiting familiar places and the empirical features of VR beyond on-site familiar tourism. We first reviewed the literature and developed an experience framework. Secondly, we conducted an exploratory activity in which participants (N = 16) used Google Earth VR to travel to their familiar places with two conditions (free exploration and task-oriented travel). In the activity, we employed think-aloud protocols, a scale, and semi-structured interviews. With our framework, we categorized findings into five dimensions and indicated the similarities and differences between familiar tourism in VR and that in actual places. Particularly, three empirical features (the sense of distance, multi-view space, and montage time) were recognized and formed VR’s opportunity to outperform on-site travel. We conclude by discussing the impacts of VR on familiar tourism and providing implications, including designing the timeline, sounds, tasks, and virtual guides. These suggestions inspire designers to acknowledge VR limitations and identify directions for future tourism applications. As a beginning of empirical investigation on VR familiar tourism, this study opens up a new field of discussion around VR tourism experience. We invite the Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) community to collectively probe into the VR experience and design of visiting familiar places. Efforts in this area will stretch beyond the current understandings of various forms of tourism and contribute to crafting rich travel experience by immersive technologies.

Methodological features of tourist and land knowable activity in general secondary education institutions

The purpose of the work is to systematization and analysis of literature data reveals the organizational and methodological foundations of tourism and local lore work of schoolchildren, which are effective, efficient and very powerful means of educating a comprehensive and harmoniously developed creative personality of schoolchildren. The results of modern scientific research show that a significant amount of empirical and theoretical and methodological material has been accumulated, which shows that the use of various forms of tourism and local lore provides a comprehensive nature in the education, upbringing and rehabilitation of schoolchildren. The study of psychological and pedagogical foundations of tourist and local lore work is primarily related to improving the educational process of secondary school, systematization of content, forms and main tasks of tourist and local lore work of schoolchildren. On the basis of the conducted research it is established that tourist and local lore activity has an effective contribution to the development of personal potential of students; is an important direct extracurricular education and upbringing. It is aimed at involving children in active activities to study the history of the native land, environment, geography, historical places and phenomena of public life and the formation of a fully educated personality.

Sustainable tourism development - an applied model of the Bucegi Mountains

The planning and management of the Bucegi Mountains require tools which allow a broad and essential view in order to identify the tendencies and promotion of some balanced projects of development. Based on the connection between the development of tourism, specific activities and touristic destination, the Bucegi Mountains capitalize the presence of some touristic facilities and technical-utility features which may ease the capitalisation, mainly, of the natural potential – support for the practice of various forms of tourism: mountainous tourism, recreation tourism, adventure tourism, cave diving, etc. The most important principles of sustainable tourism can be applied to all forms of tourism, including the niche tourism. Consequently, the way some forms of tourism are practised in natural reserve areas must maintain the essential ecological process, so as the aesthetical values or the cultural authenticity of the host communities to promote the traditional values or the cultural-historical patrimony. Thus, sustainable tourism must contribute to the reduction of the risk of poverty in the local communities.

THE POLISH SAFETY MODEL FOR CHILD AND YOUTH TOURISM – LEGAL ASPECTS

Purpose. Analysis of the legal solutions adopted in Poland relating to the ensuring safe practice of various forms of tourism during the school year when the school acts as a tour operator and in the period free from classes, when recreation is organised by entities conducting economic activity. Method. The implemented methods is critical analysis of legal acts and literature on the subject. Results. In the study, the necessity is shown to modify the adopted legal solutions in order to clarify the responsibilities of the school headmaster, in terms of ensuring the safety of school trip participants by teachers, depending on the type of tourist activity, especially in relation to active tourism. On the other hand, the recreation of children and adolescents is based on the provision of appropriate staff with the appropriate authorisation, and on the control activities of state bodies and relevant services. Research and conclusion limitations. Analysis of specific legal regulations and selected general regulations, which indirectly relate to the safety of organizing activities when it comes to children and youth tourism. Practical implications. In the research, it has been shown that the school principal, as the entity responsible for ensuring the safety of students during events and excursions organised by the school, has to rely on too general provisions of the legislation, especially with reference to the number of teachers in relation to the number of students under their direct care, without taking into account the particular form of excursion within the framework of active tourism. Originality. The article is an attempt to synthesize the problem of the model of safety adopted in Poland for school tourism and recreation of children and adolescents in the period free from classes. Type of work. In the article, the results of theoretical research are presented.

Prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo, South Africa

Musina municipality is one of the driest municipality in the far North of Limpopo Province, South Africa. It is plainly constituted by poor livelihoods of rural communities, as extensively does most rural communities elsewhere. Nevertheless, the Municipality represents some of the most tourism-based areas in the Vhembe district of Limpopo. The matters of tourism, community livelihoods and sustainable development have been increasingly coming to the forefront. Nonetheless, numerous studies fail to properly assume the integral significances and the comprehensive roles of various forms of tourism in community development within many rural areas; such being a special contribution to the academic knowledge from this investigation. This study evaluates “prospects of using tourism industry to advance community livelihoods in Musina municipality, Limpopo South Africa”. In order to adequately comprehend the dynamics of tourism in Musina municipality, data were ultimately gathered through the use questionnaire surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, document reviews and field observations. Thus, Microsoft Excel, Spread sheet and Manual sorting of data contributed to both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. The study discovered that there are vast tourism potentials, attributed by poor tourism impacts and benefits on local community’s livelihoods improvement. The implications and contributory factors leading to the actual and potential tourism statuses in Musina municipality were essentially scrutinised. The study resolves that Musina municipality is well endowed with tourism potentials that require a proper tourism strategy to afford the benefits to the locals.

Risk Management of Tourism Demand in South-Western Bulgaria through Correlation Analysis

Research background: The geographical location and the favorable natural features in Bulgaria are a solid precondition for the country to establish itself as a traditional tourist destination. Purpose of the article: This research attempts to find out which parameters affect the processes of tourist demand and supply, thus creating the conditions for optimization of the tourist enterprise as an economic indicator. Methods: The aim of the study is to make a quantitative assessment of the strength of the dependence between the factors that influence the tourism demand and receiving economic results via correlation and regression analysis. On the basis of this quantitative assessment, the risk can be managed and valuable conclusions can be drawn to improve the use and management of resources. Findings and Value added: The empirically investigated relationships show whether the level of labor productivity of the analyzed tourist enterprises is affected by the level of employment on the tourist site. It is necessary to intensify the activities for attracting new customers such as advertising, PR., improving the image of the tourist site. All this will have a positive impact on the development of the various forms of tourism and the social situation of the population in the study region. The strong influence of the size of the current expenditures on the economic results, found in all the studied tourist sites, necessitates the improvement of the tourist demand. Managers can apply flexible approaches to managing risk related to expenditures and revenue at the tourist enterprises.

Prijedlog modela turističke valorizacije gusala i guslarskog pjevanja na ruralnom području Zadarske županije

U Zadarskoj županiji postoji velika razlika razvijenosti između obalnih i ruralnih područja. Područja na obali Jadranskog mora znatno su razvijenija od ruralnih područja. Razvijenost različitih oblika turizma itekako utječe na. Rad se bavi turističkom valorizacijom gusala i guslarskog pjevanja, tradicionalnoga glazbala i načina pjevanja bogate kulturne osnove. Turističkom valorizacijom gusala i guslarskog pjevanja mogu se kreirati različiti tipovi turističkih proizvoda, pri čemu se također daje doprinos očuvanju nematerijalne kulturne baštine Zadarske županije. Gusle i guslarsko pjevanje važan su, a pri tome neiskorišten oblik turističke ponude Zadarske županije te je potrebna inicijativa ključnih dionika u turizmu za bolju i efikasniju turističku valorizaciju gusala i guslarskog pjevanja. U radu se iznosi model turističke valorizacije gusala i guslarskog pjevanja na razini ruralnog područja Zadarske županije.