Various Forms Of Social Activities Research Articles

INTELLIGENCE AS A FACTOR FOR PREVENTING AGGRESSIVE MANIFESTATIONS OF SOCIETY OR HUMANITARIAN STEPS TO THE THIRD WORLD...

Goal. The article reveals the process of transformation of interneighborly relations in the conditions of the organization of wartime and postwar Ukrainian society, periodic changes in the scientific paradigms of their development. The role and place in these transformations of various forms of social activity, including and scientific. The influence of science on the formation of social consciousness is studied, taking into account both the action of objective and aggressive factors. The considered processes and management methods are determined by the post-Soviet traditions of volunteer lobbying of the interests of certain political groups, industries, regionalists, in a word, interested parties. The analysis of aggressive motives, which are guided by the subjects of scientific interaction, depending on the level of their mastery of the subject of research, important resources, etc., was carried out. Results. According to the results of the study of public opinion and the available publications, the vectors of the development of the intellectual potential of the modern paradigm of the development of Ukrainian science, and as a derivative of artificial intelligence (AI), the imitation of activities useful for society, the stimulation of artificial needs, which is accompanied, in wartime conditions, by the exponential growth of crisis phenomena, have been identified in a number of important for society spheres of its life activity. Proposals have been made to determine directions for improving the management of these processes. Scientific novelty. The expediency of forming an organizational model of the absurdity of the occurrence of wars in human society is substantiated. The destructive, for modern civilization, content of neglecting the development of highly moral, humanistic scientific traditions based on the principles of truth, objectivity, historicism, scientific substantiation and reorientation not only on material goods, but on the development of national memory and the cultural potential of people is revealed. The necessity of changing the paradigm of development, national and scientific traditions formed in the post-totalitarian period and reorienting them to the anticipatory development of measures to prevent aggression, using not only AI, but also productive cultural and humanitarian potential for this has been established. The practical significance of the creative idea lies in the practical possibilities of using the proposed developments and proposals in the field of public administration in the war and post-war period. Excessive accumulation of wealth, which tends to be concentrated in a narrow circle of oligarchs - subjects of economic activity, giving rise to monopolistic tendencies in the conditions of a globalized economy, directed to meeting the needs of the people, can ensure peace and stability both in societies and in the world as a whole.

МУСУЛЬМАНСКАЯ БЛАГОТВОРИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ В ДОРЕВОЛЮЦИОННОМ ОРЕНБУРЖЬЕ

The article is devoted to the main directions and features of the organization of Muslim charitable activities in the Orenburg province in the pre-revolutionary period. The authors also focus on the theological foundations of the formation of the tradition of Islamic social service and the main directions of its manifestation in the socio-cultural life of that time. They examine the active participation and contribution, in particular, of Tatar merchants and Muslim clergy to organizing the construction of mosques, mektebas and madrasas, holding various public events, developing the system of religious education, and helping the state during the famine. On the basis of archival materials, research works, pre-revolutionary reference materials, the events of the past are reconstructed, the scale of charitable activities of Muslims, its features and significance for society and the state are revealed. The authors identify the main stages of the emergence of charitable societies in the life of pre-revolutionary Orenburg region and the formation of a tradition of various forms of social activity of religiously oriented societies. They note that, although Muslim charity in the Orenburg province with its significant Muslim population had many similarities with general Islamic charity, it also had its own specific features due to its "frontier" status: as the Tatar merchants gained financial stability, it was Tatar charity as well as the nature of private initiative in its implementation that prevailed in the region.

«Третья миссия» университета в контексте взаимодействия академического сообщества и НКО-сектора

The article actualizes the problem of the “third mission” of universities. Referring to the relevant foreign and domestic scientific works, the author considers the definition of the “third mission” and proposes to dwell on the peculiarities of the realization of the “third mission” by Russian universities — the social orientation of domestic universities and the interaction with the NPO-sector, the refusal of commercial understanding of the “third mission”. As part of the development of the scientific concept of the “third mission” of universities, an attempt is made to justify the need to include in its third element (“social component / social involvement of the university”) an additional criterion — the development and introduction in the curricula of modern Russian universities of courses/subjects aimed at studying various forms of social activity of citizens (whether it is volunteer activity or participation in the work of public organizations). In the author’s opinion, it is the presence of this indicator in the work of modern universities that will allow to consider the concept of the “third mission” more complete, comprehensive, and accomplished. The theoretical material of the article is diluted by practice: using sociological methods of research, the author conducted a survey of full-time and part-time university students who studied the course “Sociology of NPO”. The results of the study are characterized by relevance and scientific novelty, implemented in university courses to promote harmonious interaction between the academic and NPO-community, and, consequently, the successful implementation of the ‘third mission’ of universities.

Формы социальной активности как предикторы региональной идентичности у молодежи

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> To consider the forms of social activity as predictors of the formation of beliefs and regional identity.<br><strong>Background. </strong>The social activity of modern youth is characterized by a variety of different forms, both in real and virtual environments. It is necessary to analyze and scientifically comprehend the influence of various forms of social activity on the formation of regional identity and beliefs of young people.<br><strong>Study design. </strong>After carrying out the diagnostic stage of the study, which includes obtaining indicators regarding beliefs, regional identity, as well as social activity, a regression analysis was carried out. This method was used to identify predictors of regional identity and beliefs. All the author's scales have been peer-reviewed by social psychologists and checked for internal consistency.<br><strong>Participants. </strong>920 respondents, 35% male, aged 14-35 years, average age 20 years. Of these, 7% live in rural areas, 24% in small towns, 63% in large cities, and 6% in megacities.<br><strong>Measurements. </strong>Scales aimed at measuring various types of social activity (R.M. Shamionov, M.V. Grigorieva, I.V. Arendachuk, etc.). Author's scales aimed at studying the assessment of civic consciousness. Questionnaire “Scale of basic beliefs” (adapted by O.A. Kravtsova).<br><strong>Results. </strong>The main predictors of regional identity are such forms of social activity as Internet search, professional and subcultural. Positive predictors are a professional group, a subcultural group, and a negative predictor is a form of activity associated with the search for information and social contacts in a virtual environment. No significant predictors among the forms of social activity for the beliefs “Favor of the world” and “Justice of the world” have been identified. For the “Kindness of People” belief, the main positive predictors are civic, professional, and subcultural forms of activity, and the negative predictor is Internet–network activity. The main positive predictor for the belief “Controllability of the world” is civic activity, and the negative one is family and household activity. For the belief “Randomness of what is happening”, the positive predictor is Internet network activity, and the negative predictors are leisure and subcultural. Leisure activity is a positive predictor for the belief in the value of one's self, and subcultural activity is a negative predictor. For the “Degree of self-control” belief, the main positive predictor is Internet network activity, and the negative predictors are socio-political and Internet search activity. The main negative predictor for the belief “Degree of luck” is educational and developmental activity.<br><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The regional identity of young people is slightly determined by the forms of social activity in which young people are included. The main predictors of regional identity are those forms of social activity that are implemented in local groups at the regional level (professional, subcultural). The most significant predictors of the forms of social activity of young people for the basic beliefs of the individual are Internet-network and subcultural activity, acting as a predictor for the 3 basic beliefs.</p>

The Role of Civic Identity, Religiosity, Sex, and Education in Young People's Commitment to Various Forms of Social Activity

The problem of social activity of young people is in the field of research attention of psychology, sociology, law, pedagogy and other sciences. The social activity of young people is an important basis for the dynamic and innovative development of society. Studying the factor structure and the role of socio-psychological characteristics in integral (combined) forms of social activity is an important task of modern social psychology. The aim of the study is to investigate the structure of social activity of young people and, based on a path analysis, to determine the role of civic identity, religiosity, sex, and education in commitment to various (combined) forms of social activity. The study involved 305 people aged M = 21.2; SD = 2.95 (men - 35.4%), 17.4% of the participants were married. A questionnaire aimed at fixing socio-demographic characteristics, civic identity, religiosity, attitudes of social activity, and developed scales aimed at measuring commitment to various types of social activity were used. To assess this commitment, previously developed scales were used. Civil identity was determined using A.N. Tatarko’s scale. Descriptive statistics methods, factorial, correlation, regression and path analyses were also applied. It has been shown that the four-component (civil-political, protest-subcultural, spiritual-educational, leisure) factor model of forms of social activity is acceptable for all the analyzed dimensions. As a result of modeling, a direct relationship between gender and education is established with the manifestations of educational-developing, civil-political and leisure, educational-developing activity respectively. Civil identity is a positive factor in civil-political activity and a negative factor in protest-subcultural activity. At the center of the model is the commitment to spiritual and educational activity, which contributes to the prediction of all the other forms of activity, i.e., civil-political and leisure (directly), and protest-subcultural (indirectly). The facilitating or hindering and mediating role of civic identity, religiosity, gender, and education in commitment to various forms of social activity can be used in organizing social activity of young people as well as in developing “guided” socialization programs.

Основные методологические подходы и исследовательские установки в контексте формирования новой культуры социальной деятельности

In this article, the author explores the most productive methodological developments from his point of view, which allow a more comprehensive look at the nature of the cultural foundations of social activity. The author suggests the advantages and disadvantages of a number of methodological approaches, gives an assessment of their scientific effectiveness. Analyzing these approaches, the author speaks about the need to adjust them in accordance with the demands of time, the risks of modern transformational processes. The main conclusion reached by the author is related to the assessment of cultural diversity as the most important factor and condi-tion for the comprehensive development of society in general and man in particular. The author offers a histo-ry of research on methodological approaches, which, from his point of view, give a fairly complete picture of the nature and content of the cultural foundations of various forms of social activity. The most effective methodological constructs will make it possible to determine the main priorities for correcting, reforming so-cial activity, deepening its ideological foundations and forming a wide variety of concepts and discursive practices. This formulation of the question corresponds to the main research trends, ensures the correct vecto-rality of cognitive activity in this problematic space. The author paysspecial attention to the correlation of different cultures as the most important factor in further development. However, in practice, this diversity sometimes leads to opposition, sometimes reaching a high level of aggression and rejection. The author de-fines his position by assessing tolerance as the most important condition for the humanistic development of society.

Субъективное благополучие в связи с различными формами активности студенческой молодежи

Social activity is the sphere of students’ personal socialization and fulfillment. The study of interconnection between adherence to various forms of social activity and characteristics of subjective well-being allows unveiling the most general parameters of student activity’s consistence and personal orientation. The purpose of the study is to carry our analysis of the interconnection between subjective well-being characteristics and social activity forms. It is assumed that various forms of activity have the potential for satisfying students’ psychological needs and creating a balance between the desired and the real situation. Participants. 215 university students of Russia (aged from 17 to 27; the mean age was М = 20,2; SD = 2.44 (42.3% males). Measurements. The following techniques were used: questionnaire for defining major demographic characteristics and adherence to various forms of activity that were classified as follows: civil-political, protest-subcultural, spiritual-educational, and leisure activity, to define subjective well-being characteristics we used the Basic Needs Satisfaction in General Scale (M. M. Johnston, S. Finney); Subjective well-being scale (S. Lyubomirsky, H. Lepper); Life satisfaction scale (E. Diener); Social frustration technique (L. I. Wasserman). Results. The cognitive component of subjective well-being in students is coupled with their desire for civil and political participation, volunteerism, potential development, and education. Emotional component is positively correlated with implementation of spiritual search, educational activity, self-development; it is negatively correlated with protest forms of activity and participation in sub-cultural movements. It has been found out that leisure forms of activity are correlated with satisfaction of basic needs for autonomy, competence and pertinence; protest-subcultural forms of activity do not fully promote satisfaction of the need for autonomy and competence; students’ adherence to civil-political and spiritual-educational activity is linked with satisfaction of their need for competence. Conclusions. The most psychologically-tense forms of students’ social activity are the protest ones, as well as participation in subcultural movements; they are related to basic needs’ frustration and social frustration.

The role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment

The paper analyzes the role of values and involvement of young people in various forms of social activity in the preference of online or online environment. The relevance of such a research design is related to the need to determine the determinants of the preference for the environment of social activity in a situation of total digitalization of society. The purpose of the study is to analyze the role of values and realized forms of social activity of young people in the preference of the online/offline environment. The study involved 442 people, average age M = 21.82; SD = 6.23 (men — 33.5 %, women — 64.5 %). We have suggested that the preference for an online or offline environment may be due to involvement in various forms of activity and values, as well as their joint effect. The design of the study assumed the use of the regression method and the method of structural modeling. The following techniques were used. To identify the degree of involvement in various forms of activity, a modified questionnaire was used, built according to the type of direct scaling (Shamionov et al.), the analysis of values was carried out using the Schwartz’s technique “Portrait value questionnaire”, the degree of trust was revealed using the technique “Scale of social trust” by I. Yu. Leonova and I. N. Leonova. The determining role of the Internet-network and Internet search, leisure and subcultural (positive) and religious and sports and wellness (negative) has been established activity in preference to the online environment; sports and recreation, family, and household, cultural and mass, Internet search (positive) and protest (negative) activity in the offline environment preferences. The values of stimulation, power-dominance (positive) and tradition (negative) determine the preference for the online environment, and independence-actions, stimulation, tradition (positive) and interpersonal conformity (negative) — the preference for the offline environment. The joint effect of values and involvement in different forms of activity in the preference of the online/offline environment is revealed. The preference of the online environment in the implementation of social activity is associated with social distrust. The research results can be used to develop programs to balance the preferences of the activity environment.

Transformation of scientific traditions in the administration field in the conditions of renewed post-war Ukrainian society

The article reveals the process of transformation of national traditions in the conditions of wartime and post-war Ukrainian society, as well as periodic changes in the scientific paradigms of its development. The role and place in these transformations of various forms of social activity, including scientific activity, are determined. The influence of science on the formation of public consciousness is studied, taking into account the influence of objective factors. The processes and methods of governance due to the post-Soviet traditions of voluntaristic lobbying for the interests of certain political groups, industry professionals, regionalists, i.e. stakeholders, are considered. The author analyzes the motives that guide the subjects of scientific interaction, depending on the level of their knowledge of the subject of research, important resources, etc. The sources of growth of the intellectual potential of the modern paradigm of science development and imitation of activities useful for society, stimulation of artificial needs, accompanied by exponential growth, crisis phenomena in a number of important spheres of society's life, are identified. The necessity of changing the paradigm of development, national and scientific traditions formed in the post-totalitarian period and reorienting them to the advanced development of productive cultural capital is established. The importance of defining long-term goals, developing strategies for their achievement and transferring national traditions from a reflexive response to problems and changes in consumer demand to making effective management decisions is actualized. The author proposes the formation the Moral Code of Behavior of scientist as a set of actions in accordance with the fastest possible achievement of the set goal with the most effective result. The article reveals the destructive content of neglecting the development of highly moral, humanistic scientific traditions based on the principles of truth, objectivity, historicism, scientific substantiation and reorientation not only to material goods, but also to the development of people's cultural potential. The characteristic features of manifestations of transformational, destructive and degradation processes in the state are identified.

Студентський парламент: досвід Харківського національного педагогічного університету імені Г. С. Сковороди

In the article, the author drew attention to the problem of the formation of professionally significant personality characteristics of the future teacher: the active life position of each student in social life, the level of his democratic culture, participation in the social life of the community, the city. The author noted that work in the student parliament serves as a guarantee for the formation of leadership qualities and the development of the professional orientation of the individual. The research was carried out in accordance with the axiological approach, the principles of the educational direction of the educational process, and the mutual responsibility of the participants of the educational process. The methods of analysis (historical-pedagogical, systemic, surveyanalytical), generalization, content analysis of reports on the work of the student parliament of the H. S. Skovoroda KhNPU. This self-governing structure plays a significant role in students gaining experience in self-organization and positive actions in the social environment. In the student parliament everyone, depending on their desire, skills and abilities, chooses the direction they want to pursue. Members of the student parliament actively participate in the organization of student projects at the level of the university and individual faculties, are participants and winners of various student tournaments, contests, olympiads, circles, participate in the preparation and holding of informative webinars, scientific and practical conferences. The student parliament of H. S. Skovoroda KhNPU is structured and carries out its work systematically. An important aspect of the activity of the student parliament is involvement in the implementation of the universityєs mission and vision. An important area of activity of the student parliament of H.S. Skovoroda KhNPU is professionally oriented scientific work. The article defines the following promising directions of activity of the student parliament: creation of conditions for self-realization of students in the interests of the individual, society, institution, and the state; promotion of various forms of social activity, public initiatives, socialization of the young generation; improvement of living conditions and leisure time of students; formation of students’ skills and qualities necessary for developing an active life position, organizational and leadership traits, and creative approaches to solving problems. Implementation of these tasks, improvement of the main directions of educational and educational work, implementation of new projects and activities will significantly increase the brightness of student life, develop an active life position and creative abilities of the students.

Технологии риск-менеджмента в формировании социальной активности молодежи

The article presents the results of the study aimed at justifying the possibility to use risk management technologies in working with young people in order to support their social activity. The study hypothesis is based on the assumption that modern risk management technologies, which are interdisciplinary in nature, can be used when working with young people, contributing to the formation and development of constructive forms of their social activity. Research methods: subject-categorical analysis; analysis of theoretical and empirical research on the problems of young people’s social activity and risk management in various spheres of social life. The study proposes an interdisciplinary approach in order to determine the main vectors of the risk management directions in the development of social activity of an individual. The research indicates the main zones and sources of young people’s risks that are associated with manifestation of various forms of social activity in modern conditions of Russian society. Technologies of risk analysis, assessment and management are analyzed in relation to the problem of social activity of young people. The authors consider the applied aspects of implementing these technologies when working with young people using the example of civic, and educational and developmental activity. The study shows that methods, forms and the structure of risk management are universal and can be used in risk management in the social activity development.

The Ratio Commitment to Social Activity on the Internet and Physical Space among Young People

Due to large-scale shifts in the development of digital technologies, with the expansion of opportunities and the spread of the Internet environment, activity is increasingly being moved from the physical environment to the Internet environment. In this regard, one of the most important problems is to identify the correlation of activity in the two environments and its reflection in the social identity of young people. The purpose of this study is to analyze the ratio of personal commitment to social activity in the Internet and physical space, taking into account its forms and the depth of ethnic, religious and civic identity. The study involved 199 people aged 17-24 years (M = 20.02; SD = 2.7). Commitment to various forms of social activity in the physical and Internet environment was assessed using scales developed and modified by the authors. Identification with the institution of religion was revealed with the help of specially designed questions about belonging to a confession and the degree of religiosity. Civic identity was determined according to the scale developed by A.N. Tatarko. The certainty of ethnic identity was estimated using the scales by A.N. Tatarko and N.M. Lebedeva. Descriptive statistics methods, correlation and regression analyzes were used for data processing. It was found that commitment to civil, political or friendly activities does not depend on their involvement in a real or virtual environment. Leisure activities are mostly represented in the virtual environment. The certainty and positivity of ethnic identity are associated with pro-social and more acceptable forms of activity for young people, but its uncertainty is associated with protest forms of activity in both environments; civic identity is associated with the most preferred leisure activity in both environments, with volunteer activity and reduced protest activity in the real environment, political activity on the Internet and preference for activity in the Internet space; commitment to religion is associated with corresponding activity and conflicts with the protest, environmental and network ones, which mainly characterize leisure time. Activity in the physical environment is a stronger predictor of civic, ethnic and religious identity than in the Internet environment.

EDUCATIONAL ENVIRONMENT AS A PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL FACTOR OF SOCIAL ACTIVITY OF STUDENTS AT THE LEVEL OF BASIC AND SECONDARY GENERAL EDUCATION

In the work, the social activity of students at the level of basic and secondary general education is considered as an approach that allows developing the skills of students necessary for effective social interaction and unlocking the potential of students in the process of socio-economic development of society in the most acceptable way. It is assumed that the most significant factors of social activity of students are psychological and pedagogical factors, the main of which are the characteristics of the educational environment. The characteristics of the educational environment as psychological and pedagogical factors of various forms of social activity of students are empirically analyzed. Based on the severity and significance of certain characteristics of the educational environment and the form of activity most characteristic of this educational environment, 8 types of educational environments are identified: "closed and rigid type of educational environment", "narrow type of educational environment", "developing type of educational environment", "weak type of educational environment", "environment with an alternative type of socialization", "innovative type of educational environment", "dominant type of educational environment", "dependent type of educational environment".

Роль ценностей в приверженности молодежи различным видам социальной активности

Objective. To identify the role of values in commitment to various types of social activity.Background. The social activity of young people is the driver of the development of society. It contains very different initiatives – ranging from civil, political and economic to subcultural and radical protest. The most important task is to study the value factors of a person’s commitment to various forms of activity. Such scientific knowledge will allow us to establish the features of the value regulation of activity.Study design. The relationship between values and commitment to various forms of social activity. The presence and peculiarities of the relationship were recorded through correlation and regression analyses.Participants. 500 residents of Russia (average age M=21,6; 35,5% men, 64,5% women).Measurements. A questionnaire was applied, including 18 scale questions, meaningfully describing the forms of social activity (Shamionov R.M., & et al. ), followed by factorization of the data obtained, on the basis of which “new” variables of civil, protest, Internet-network and leisure activity were derived; “Portrait value questionnaire” Sh. Schwartz (PVQ-R2) with fixation of 19 basic values.Results. Various forms of social activity of young people form 4 enlarged groups (types) based on factor analysis: civil, protest, leisure and Internet network. The commitment of young people to leisure and Internet network activity is most pronounced. The interrelationships of types of activity and values cover all sectors of the circular motivational continuum of values. Schwartz. Values explain from 22% to 8% of the variance of different types of social activity.Conclusions. The most important prognostic values are the values of traditions and care for nature with low expression of the value of public safety (civic activity); universalism-care, power with low expression of the values of public safety and benevolence-care (protest activity); the value of stimulation, tradition and benevolence-care (leisure); values of independence-actions, power-resources with low expression of traditions (Internet-network).

Особенности социальной активности российской молодежи в условиях вынужденных социальных ограничений

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective.</strong> The study of the characteristics of the social activity of young people in conditions of restrictions associated with forced isolation, aimed at identifying the features of the manifestation of its compensatory forms due to social frustration. <strong>Background.</strong> The psychological aspects of the problem of social activity of an individual limited by new social norms and rules due to the spread of coronavirus infection require a more complete study. In this regard the question of the characteristics that determine the characteristics of youth activity in different spheres of life. <strong>Study design.</strong> The paper analyzes the specificity in the manifestation of social activity among Russian youth in connection with forced social restrictions. The dependence of various forms of social activity by its psychological characteristics. The hypothesis about the socially oriented orientation of youth activity in conditions of social isolation is tested. <strong>Participants.</strong> Representatives of Russian youth: 409 people (74% women, 26% men) from 17 to 30 years old (M=21.35; SD=3.78). <strong>Measurements. </strong>Questionnaire for the study of socio-demographic characteristics and the severity of various forms of social activity (R.M. Shamionov et al.); the methods <em>“</em>Personality activity in conditions of forced social restrictions” (N.V. Usova et al.). <strong>Results.</strong> In the conditions of forced social restrictions youth have increased family-household, civil, educational-developmental, Internet-network and Internet-search forms of activity, the severity of leisure and socio-economic activity decreases, and there are no changes in its other forms of manifestation. Leisure, civic, socio-economic and educational-developmental activity of young people is characterized by frustration at the consequences of forced social restrictions, the severity of compensatory forms and the activation of additional personal resources. Internet-network and Internet-search activity is aimed at social contacts and itself acts as a form of compensation for other types of activity during the period of self-isolation. <strong>Conclusions.</strong> Changes in the manifestation of the social activity of young people during the period of social isolation are diachronic in nature. The main characteristics reflecting the specificity of social activity in its various forms are established. The compensatory forms of social activity and the factors of its determination in conditions of forced social restrictions are revealed.</p>

Структура и мотивация социальной активности и ее соотношение с гражданским самосознанием молодежи

Objective. Study of the relationship between the forms of social activity of young people with the phenomena of civic consciousness, motivation and socio-demographic characteristics.Background. The living conditions and activities of modern youth are characterized by a variety of social activities, an increase in social contacts, at the same time, a transformation of communication, an increase in the number of its virtual forms. It requires scientific understanding and socio-psychological analysis of the structure and motivation of the social activity of young people, its relationship with civic consciousness.Study design. The work studied the numerous interrelationships of 18 forms of social activity of young people, the predisposition to which was determined by self-esteem according to the author’s scales. Then each form of social activity was assessed by the respondents at three levels: 1) communication, discussion, organization; 2) individual implementation; 3) collective interaction. The method of factor analysis was used to determine and interpret the enlarged groups of social activity. the motives of social activity were identified and a comparative analysis of the severity of motives in the groups of men and women was carried out. The relationship between the forms of social activity of young people and various parameters of civic consciousness and readiness to support various ideas for the development of the country and region of residence was determined by correlation analysis. All author’s scales have been peer reviewed by social psychologists and tested for internal consistency.Participants. 764 respondents, average age 19.7 years (64.5% women, 35.5% men). 85% — unmarried, living in rural areas — 6.1%, in small towns — 19.3%, in large cities (regional centers) — 68.4% and 6.2% of megalopolis residents. 77.7% have completed secondary (school) education, 7.6% — secondary vocational education, 14.7% — higher education.Measurements. Scales aimed at measuring various types of social activity (R.M. Shamionov, M.V. Grigoryeva, I.V. Arendachuk, etc.). Author’s scales aimed at studying individual forms and levels of manifestation of social activity and identifying the motivation and civic consciousness of young people.Results. The structure of social activity includes three levels: 1) communication, discussion, organization; 2) individual implementation; 3) collective interaction. At each of the presented levels, forms of social activity are realized, the most important of which are 18 — altruistic, leisure, sports and recreation, cultural, family and household, environmental, socio-political, Internet network, Internet search, civil, social economic, professional, educational and developmental, spiritual, religious, protest, radical protest, subcultural activity. In the structure of the social activity of young people, taking into account various forms and levels, 7 enlarged groups can be distinguished that characterize the types of social activity of young people: 4 mixed (Participation in collective subcultural protest actions, Discussion of socio-political and economic activity for subsequent individual implementation, Participation in collective environmental — altruistic actions, Cultural and leisure activities associated with individual education) and 3 homogeneous (Sports and recreational, Family and household and Religious). Among the motives of the social activity of young people, the motives for learning new things and self-development are most pronounced. Women, to a greater extent than men, express the motives of respect and love and harmony with others. With an increase in the age and educational level of young people, territorial stability increases, both at the regional and national levels.Conclusions. Various forms of social activity are interconnected, complementary and can be combined and transformed into each other. Social activity of young people is positively associated with civic consciousness and regional identity. Among the motives of the social activity of young people, the most pronounced are the motives of learning new things and self-development.

Characteristics of Psychological Readiness for Social Activity as Determinants of Different Forms of its Manifestation among Russian Student Youth in the Saratov Region

In modern studies, there is a contradiction between the passivity of young people in the manifestation of their social activity and the ideas of society about their progressive role in the development of civilization. In this regard, it becomes especially relevant to solve the problem of increasing the involvement of student youth in social processes through the search for factors that determine their psychological readiness for social activity, as aimed at being included in socially transformative activities, allowing young people to realize their potential in various spheres of life. In order to find a solution to this problem, a study aimed at analyzing the determinants of psychological readiness of Russian students to manifest various forms of social activity was conducted. The empirical study was carried out on a sample of students who live in the Saratov region and study in organizations of secondary vocational and higher education (Russian Federation, Saratov, N = 197; aged 18 to 23). The characteristics of psychological readiness were identified using the following methods: Personality Emotional Orientation Assessment (B.I. Dodonov, verified by N.A. Belskaya), General Self-Efficacy Scale (R. Schwarzer, M. Erusalem, adapted by V.G. Romek), Readiness for Self-Development (V.L. Pavlov) and Personal Change-Readiness Survey (A. Rolnik, S. Hezer, M. Gold, K. Hull, adapted by N.A. Bazhanova and G.L. Bardier). The intensity of social activity and different forms of its manifestation was determined using a questionnaire developed by a team of authors (R.M. Shamionov et al.). The study revealed some specific features in the determination of various forms of social activity by characteristics of psychological readiness for their manifestation among Russian students. It is shown that social activity in different forms of its manifestation can be determined by personal emotional orientation as a characteristic of emotional readiness, self-efficacy as an indicator of readiness to overcome difficulties in a social context, and characteristics of personal readiness for change, among which passion (energy), confidence and ingenuity dominate. It is found that, among young students, psychological readiness to the greatest extent determines the intensity of subcultural, altruistic and educational-developing forms of social activity, minimally associated with the manifestation of socio-political and Internet network forms of activity and is not associated with religious activity.

Рецензия на книгу: Психология социальной активности молодежи / под ред. Р. М. Шамионова. Москва : Издательство «Перо», 2020. 200 с. 1,9 Мб [Электронное издание

It is an issue of great importance and necessity to study phenomenology of modern people’s social activity within the context of perceiving it as a source of transformation of oneself and of society as a whole. Changes in certain forms of manifestation of social activity, as well as the locus of its orientation are conditioned by the interaction between many factors pertaining to multi-level order, which are integrated into the dynamic regulatory-functional system, reveal peculiarities of social changes, and, at the same time, reflect the general socio-historical context. The monograph written by a group of authors (R. M. Shamionov, M. V. Grigoryeva, I. V. Arendachuk, E. E. Bocharova, N. V. Usova, M. A. Klenova, A. A. Sharov, A. I. Zagranichny) presents the results of theoretical and empirical studies of the phenomenology, mechanisms and factors of young people’s social activity according to provisions of the system-diachronic approach, which is being actively developed by Professor R. M. Shamionov’s scientific school. Varied empirical material helps to establish some facts that indicate contradictory trends of functional manifestation in the development and limitations of certain social activity forms in various life spheres, depending on the social and age status of an individual, conditions and stages of socialization, as well as the context of real and virtual environment. The team of authors made an attempt to develop and validate the tool for ev aluating a person’s adherence to various forms of social activity (R. M. Shamionov, I. V. Arendachuk, E. E. Bocharova, et. al.) and its components (R. M. Shamionov, M. V. Grigoryeva); to adapt and validate the questionnaire published in the English language called CYBA (Cyber-aggression Questionnaire for Adolescents, D. Álvarez-García, A. Barreiro-Collazo, J. C. Núñez, A. Dobarro) on the Russian-speaking sample (A. A. Sharov), which allowed to record destructive practices of social activity, which were implemented in the virtual environment. The team of authors would like to express hope that the monograph can serve as a tool to clarify some of the aspects of social activity and social behavior of modern young people and can be useful for students and graduate students, whose academic work is related to young people’s social activity.

The contribution of Franz Josef Gall to the development of criminal anthropology. Part II. In Search of the physiological origins of compulsive behavior

This article is dedicated to the teachings of the Austrian medical scientist and naturalist Franz Josef Gall (1758-1828) on anthropology and human psychology. One of the key theses of Gall’s doctrine consists in the conclusion that the peculiarities of human anthropology and psychology manifest in various forms of social activity. According to Gall, the specificity of physiological processes in human body, peculiarities of personality development, and the intensity of external manifestation of personality traits are substantiated by the peculiarities of formation and subsequent development of separate parts and elements of the human brain. Developmental imbalances or existence of pathologies in the segment of the brain located above the ear canal of the human skull imparts a negative overtone on personality traits. In a worst-case scenario, this may lead to manifestation of such destructive qualities as a pathological lust for violence against animals and people, propensity for arson, and ultimately, homicide. Similar cerebral dysfunctions many have a significant impact upon sexual behavior of a person, and activate destructive qualities. The ideas of F. J. Gall on the influence of developmental imbalances or pathology of separate segments of the human brain upon the occurrence and manifestation of negative personality traits, are still used in modern research in the field of neurocriminology. Namely, the recent findings of American scientists, which are based on the methods of magnetic resonance and positron emission tomography, reveal substantial differences in the structure and functionality of separate segments of the brain of persons who committed murder or convicted of less grave offences.

Этико-психологические факторы социальной активности современной молодежи

The purpose of the study presented in the article is an empirical study of the relationship between characteristics of moral self-determination and various forms of social activity of young people. The study involves students (N = 236): high school students (n = 118) and university students (n = 118) of Saratov and Saratov Oblast (Russia) aged from 17 to 19 years. We use the following techniques as methodological tools: a questionnaire aimed at registering various forms of social activity and the degree of its manifestation (R. M. Shamionov, I. V. Arendachuk, E. E. Bocharova and others) and the “Moral self-determination of an individual” technique (A. E. Vorobyova, A. B. Kupreychenko) to record the characteristics of moral self-determination. The hypothesis of the study is an assumption regarding presence of multidirectional relationships between the measures of manifestation of the moral self-determination parameters and self-assessments of various forms of social activity. Recognition of the importance of morality and ethics is a positive predictor of altruistic and educational and developmental forms of activity of schoolchildren and a negative predictor in the case of actualization of the socio-economic activity of university students. We have recorded the tendency of positive dynamics in the manifestation frequency of relationships between the parameters of moral self-determination and forms of social activity: from the minimum number among schoolchildren to its increase among university students. The materials presented can be implemented in the practice of advisory services of educational institutions and in the organization of socially useful activities of young people.