Various Forms Of Entrepreneurship Research Articles

A Literature Review of the Macroeconomic Implications of Entrepreneurship: A Research Perspective of the Future

This study reviews the literature on entrepreneurship from several angles, including the entrepreneur's point of view, finding opportunities, creating a business plan, securing finance, and entrepreneurship's effect on economic well-being. The authors stress the importance of entrepreneurs in developing novel products and services, expanding economies, and developing new methods of doing things. Employment, economic growth, and tax revenues are all highlighted as key benefits of entrepreneurship. In addition, the article delves into what factors, such as taxes, the price of real estate, the nature of government oversight, the need for funding, and the difficulty of enforcing contracts, make up an entrepreneurial ecosystem. It indicates that a good regulatory environment and tax cuts encourage entrepreneurship. Furthermore, the report offers predictions for the future of entrepreneurship, including an increase in low-tech, socially-minded businesses that concentrate on solving local problems. It suggests further studies be conducted on the relationships between various forms of entrepreneurship and their respective development prospects. The report also emphasizes the need of future research using a wide range of dependent welfare factors, as well as foreign comparative studies on entrepreneurship utilizing various common metrics. It also stresses the need for more study into the link between entrepreneurship and social and environmental progress in underdeveloped nations. In its last section, the research stresses the significance of learning about the factors that influence entrepreneurs and how those factors affect incentive and support programs for entrepreneurs.

Family Development Session as An Effort To Empower The Community in The Family Hope Program Gorontalo City

Family Development Session is one of the supporting activities as well as intervention in the form of efforts to change the mindset of beneficiary families in the implementation of alleviating pre-prosperous families, namely the Family Hope Program (PKH). PKH is a social assistance program that is given conditionally. The focus of the research is to determine the efforts to empower the economic empowerment of beneficiary families through FDS activities. The research used a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used are interviews, observation, and documentation. Checking the validity of data using triangulation techniques and sources, then the data analysis used is the domain and taxonomy of the Spradely model. The results of this study FDS as one of PKH activities were carried out in a structured manner in accordance with 5 modules and new additions, namely material on stunting prevention provided. The implementation of FDS as an empowerment effort is also supported by additional activities and other complementary empowerment programs that support the acceleration of the alleviation of underprivileged families such as the Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) and Pahlawan Ekonomi Nusantara (PENA) when the implementation of FDS is carried out. The PENA program as a form of empowerment intervention for families is considered effective because it has given birth to various forms of entrepreneurship with turnover that can deliver graduation

Innovation, Appropriate Technologies and Entrepreneurship for Global Sustainability Development: A Review Until the Early Twenty-first Century

Appropriate technology and development have been disseminated globally as a concept and practice under various terminologies such as adaptive technology, accessible and cheap technology, community technology, low-cost technology, intermediary technology, and so on, especially for grassroots community development. Originating from Gandhi’s anti-colonial campaigns and further expanded by Schumacher’s ideas, the concept gained momentum with the rise of emerging economies such as Brazil, China, India and South Africa. These countries embraced appropriate technology, offering affordable, user-friendly solutions that matched local needs and resources, contrasting with capital-intensive methods. The digital revolution in the twenty-first century further diversified appropriate technology, permitting the widespread adoption of affordable and sustainable solutions across sectors and nations. This study also explores how emerging economies transitioned from being viewed as low-tech suppliers to becoming innovators in high-tech spheres. These emerging economies have developed localised research and development centres, embraced open science and technology collaboration and engaged in reverse technology entrepreneurship by adapting and exporting technology-driven products to developing and developed countries. Furthermore, frugal innovation arises as a response to pressing sustainability challenges. It encourages simple, environmentally friendly designs that promote longevity and efficient resource practice. From its very beginnings and even more today, innovation in appropriate/frugal technologies has continued to make clear contributions to various forms of entrepreneurship for sustainable development. The study concludes that proper technology and frugal innovation are becoming global norms, endorsed by G7, G20 and United Nations member states, as they address economic and sustainable development goals, ultimately benefitting a broader spectrum of societies globally.

Collaborative consumption i jej wpływ na rozwój przedsiębiorczości w obliczu zmian pokoleniowych

Wspólna konsumpcja jest jednym z nowych trendów w zachowaniach konsumentów, któ-ry uwzględnia alternatywne podejście do zaspokajania potrzeb. Trend ten polega na dostępie do dóbr realizowanym bez konieczności posiadania i przenoszenia praw własności. Celem opracowania jest charakterystyka zmian pokoleniowych determinujących skłonność do angażowania się we wspólną konsumpcję i przyczyniających się do jej rozwoju. Analizie poddano czynniki zwiększające zainte-resowanie nabywców z pokolenia Y i Z innowacyjnymi rozwiązaniami w sferze konsumpcji, które stanowią dogodną bazę dla rozwoju wielu form przedsiębiorczej aktywności. Wskazano na zmianę w nastawieniu młodych nabywców, którzy wyżej niż nabywanie i posiadanie rzeczy cenią ich użyt-kowanie oraz dostrzegają okazje, jakie działania z zakresu konsumpcji kolaboratywnej stwarzają dla kreowania różnorodnych postaci przedsiębiorczości.

Проблемы и перспективы российского предпринимательства в условиях глобализации

Currently, globalization has a huge impact on entrepreneurial activities. Today, in a society not affected by globalization, there are no spheres of human life. In connection with progress and internationalization, a new stage arises, which makes it possible to develop economic activity. To improve financial processes, the new contribution of TNCs, contributing to the development of globalization, is of great importance.
 The work of various forms of entrepreneurship, including private, cannot be affected by the rejection of restrictions on the free movement of capital, the transformation of the global financial market into a self-organized sphere.
 The methods and types of business are aimed at making a profit by increasing the volume of operations. With the growth of financial transactions, the volumes of shadow and speculative capital increase, entailing interest in developing the country's economy and increasing turnover

PEASANT (FARMER) ECONOMY OF TATARSTAN: FEATURES OF FORMATION AND FIRST RESULTS (1990–2010-ies)

Introduction. The effectiveness of market processes in one of the leading regions of the Russian Federation – the Republic of Tatarstan is determined by the level of development of various forms of entrepreneurship and their competitiveness. The increased responsibility of the Tatarstan leadership for the results of regional socio-economic development stimulates the desire to strengthen and expand the position of small and medium businesses, encourages regional authorities to pay special attention to the accelerated institutionalization of peasant (farmer) farms as one of the promising models of transformation of the agricultural sector of the Republic. The Institute of peasant (farmer) farms is the result of post-perestroika Russian reforms, the degree of its rationality and efficiency depends not so much on the scientific and practical elaboration of the legislative and institutional-market foundations, but on the depth of understanding of the state structures and the rural majority of the need and specificity of these economic entities. In this regard, the main purpose of this work is the scientific and practical analysis of the formation and development of peasant (farmer) farms in Tatarstan in the context of determining the main socio-economic indicators in relation to the study area; identify the parameters of statistical analysis and description of industries that design this form of management. Materials and Methods. The content of the scientific article is based on the materials of current sources coming from various departments and periodicals, consolidated data of publications of the statistical office of Tatarstan, as well as on the literature of historical and economic nature. The research is based on traditional methods of Russian historical science: problem-chronological, comparative-historical and systemic. These methods have been successfully tested in the process of determining the regional characteristics of the development of peasant (farm) farms. When processing quantitative data the statistical method is used; for a more detailed immersion in the subject of the study used micro-historical approach. Results. The study of agrarian sector of economy of Tatarstan 1990–2010 given the historical and economic characteristics of the process of institutionalization of the peasant (farmer) farms. In particular, in a comparative perspective, the share of peasant (farm) farms in the structure of regional gross income is considered. It is established that the main branches of economic activity of Tatarstan farming were crop and livestock, and the latter direction was more promising. Discussion and Conclusion. The level of development of small business in Tatarstan, including peasant (farmer) farms, currently provides an opportunity to diversify, focusing on the market and conditions of production and sales. In conditions of latent developing degradation of rural areas (disappearance of villages, aging and reduction of the rural population, destruction of socio-cultural infrastructure, etc.), peasant (farmer) farms, along with personal subsidiary farms of the population, become a kind of means of increasing interest in various forms of small business, as well as contribute to the growth of village-forming potential in the agricultural socio-cultural space of Tatarstan. At the same time, despite the regional authorities understanding of the importance of the final goals and development strategy of farming, there is no system-forming form of support for peasant (farmer) farms in the Republic. Moreover, the creation of an image of the attractiveness of peasant farming is mainly associated with individual activities or PR campaigns to create a favorable investment image, climate. The results obtained in the course of this study are prerequisites for further historical reconstruction of farm daily life in the context of deepening the study of the experience of individual Russian regions, its applied analysis.

The connective strategies of Bedouin women entrepreneurs in the Negev

The study examines various forms of entrepreneurship of the Negev Bedouin women, mostly within the urban settings, in order to determine strategies applied in their entrepreneurial development. The analysis is based on semi-structured interviews with 28 women entrepreneurs, interviews with representatives of institutions supporting entrepreneurship and on participatory observations. The research draws on existing ethnic entrepreneurship theories and the family-embeddedness perspective, which allows for consideration of the relation between economic processes and family system characteristics and transformations which occur simultaneously and have reciprocal impact.The Bedouin women entrepreneurs are found to operate mainly within their urban ethnic enclaves, whereby difficult economic conditions combined with gender pressures create a mostly informal sector that complements insufficiencies of the formal market.These women develop their businesses by applying specific patriarchal connectivity strategies, which were developed due to strong impact of familial factors, such as: transitions in family structure, accessibility to family financial and human resources, adherence to the social codes and values. The impact of the last factor is visible on two levels: gender-separation of economic activities and networks (products and services addressed to women and children) and different roles of male and female family members. Whereas female members become employees or assistants, the male members keep their patriarchal positions as protectors and facilitators between the social requirements and exigencies of the economic activities. The connective strategies of Bedouin women entrepreneurs aim strongly at fulfilling their social roles as women, mothers and wives within the patriarchal order and as such, they bridge the gap between the strategies that previously accommodated desert condition subsistence living and the exigencies of the market economy of their contemporary semi-urban desert environment.

Globalization, entrepreneurship and paradox thinking

Globalization has been facing a backlash. By contrast, entrepreneurship has come to be seen as a panacea for economic development and generating jobs that are perceived to be under threat from globalization. In this Perspectives paper, our central argument is that globalization and entrepreneurship must be viewed holistically, recognizing that globalization is an enabler of important entrepreneurship outcomes. We argue that networks created as a byproduct of globalization facilitate various forms of entrepreneurship. Interpersonal networks (e.g., diasporas) facilitate transnational entrepreneurship which can, in turn, reduce institutional distance between locations. Interorganizational networks (e.g., MNE-orchestrated ecosystems) facilitate technology entrepreneurship which reinforces the institutional work that gives rise to new technological domains and fields. Intergovernmental and civil society networks facilitate social entrepreneurship which helps redress institutional voids. Thus globalization can be a force for good by enabling forms of entrepreneurship that enable important institutional change. We highlight the importance of paradox thinking, which is rooted in ancient Chinese philosophy, in transcending an either/or perspective of globalization and entrepreneurship.

Alimentación ancestral amazónica y su impacto en el enfoque empresarial de la provincia de Morona Santiago

La alimentación ancestral ha sido y es el origen de la salud plena. Su característica principal es el ser orgánica y desarrollada en una relación armoniosa entre la naturaleza y el hombre. En el presente trabajo se exponen las ideas fundamentales sobre dos especies amazónicas: el Mukindi o Rhynchohorus Palmarum y la Rolaquimba o Vasconcellea Monoica, las mismas que son parte fundamental de la dieta en las poblaciones amazónicas. El uso que han hecho los habitantes amazónicos de estas especies en relación a la alimentación y a la medicina, y la aceptación de las mismas entre la población, indican posibilidades de emprender en diversas formas de empresarialidad y la necesidad de continuar investigaciones más profundas sobre estas y otras especies amazónicas.

An Assessment of Entrepreneurial Intention among University Students in Cameroon

In hard times when educated university students cannot find jobs, self-employment and entrepreneurship has been identified as the best solution to the problem of unemployment, underemployment, and poverty reduction amongst the youths. Owing to the persistent unemployment and underemployment amongst the youths in Cameroon, the government introduced entrepreneurship programmes to promote and enhance skills acquisition, ease the spirit of creativity, self-reliance and self-independence. This study examined the determinants of entrepreneurial intention amongst university students in Cameroon, the motivations and obstacles to entrepreneurship among university students in Cameroon and also to find out if there is any significant difference between entrepreneurial intention and selected demographic variables (gender, entrepreneurship education, and family background). The findings indicated that while university students in Cameroon possess a high intention to become entrepreneurs, there are however, predominantly push factors such as unemployment, poverty and job security that force most university students to engage in various forms of entrepreneurship. Also obstacles such are lack of funding, lack of business skills, bribery and corruption, strong competitors, high taxes, and high labour cost were identified as the main obstacles prohibiting university student’s form choosing entrepreneurship as a career choice in Cameroon. Also observed is a significant difference on the level of entrepreneurial intentions based on gender and entrepreneurship education. This study culminates with recommendations on how to enhance the entrepreneurial culture among youths in Cameroon. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n20p542

Entrepreneurs and the context of cooperative organizations: A definition of cooperative entrepreneur

AbstractWe focus on the role of entrepreneurs in organizations that are structured as cooperatives. In considering the similarities and differences among various forms of entrepreneurship, a comprehensive definition of the cooperative entrepreneur is formulated. A model illustrating four variations in the manner in which cooperative entrepreneurship contributes to the creation of cooperatives is also presented. These contributions help to more clearly frame future research and lend visibility to the challenges faced by entrepreneurs in the cooperative context. Copyright © 2013 ASAC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Guanxi and entrepreneurship in urban China

We test for the relative importance of guanxi (‘connections’) as a catalyst for entrepreneurship in urban China using survey data from five cities for the period 1996–2001. We find that guanxi with the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) is negatively correlated with the likelihood of being either a sole proprietor or an entrepreneur with employees. Family guanxi has no effect for sole proprietors, but is positively correlated with the probability of being an entrepreneur with employees. These findings add to the literature on entrepreneurship in China by differentiating the effects of various types of guanxi on various forms of entrepreneurship.

Entrepreneurship in post-socialist economies: A typology and institutional contexts for market entrepreneurship

There is growing recognition among post-socialist (PS) economies that free-market entrepreneurship is essential for ultimately improving their economic future. The promotion of market entrepreneurship, however, has been a challenging experience for these economies. This paper examines various forms of entrepreneurship in PS economies. Drawing upon the institutional theory, we also highlight the clear contexts and attendant mechanisms associated with institutions–entrepreneurship nexus in PS economies’ contexts.

A Theory of Destructive Entrepreneurship

Policy interest since the early 1980s has focused in different ways on the creation of a large, productive, taxable economy – in which entrepreneurship plays a role for employment, income growth and innovation. The current understanding of various forms of entrepreneurship remains incomplete, focusing largely on productive and unproductive entrepreneurship. However, destructive entrepreneurship plays an important role in many, if not most, economies. This paper addresses the conceptual gap in the allocation of entrepreneurship by proposing a theory of destructive entrepreneurship.

Business formation — a network approach

This article suggests that the key to entrepreneurial success is to be found in the ability to develop and maintain a personal network. In elaborating this proposition I regard the environment of the business venture as “enacted”. The inexperienced new entrepreneur needs support to create a personal network and to manage the enacted environment. The concept of the “organizing context”, defined as a clustered sociocentric network, is introduced to provide a tool with which the entrepreneur can deal more efficiently with the different subprocesses that create his or her reality. The approach supplies a framework within which various forms of entrepreneurship — indigenous, corporate, etc. — can be compared and analysed beyond their institutional differences. The interaction between various forms of entrepreneurship and organizing contexts is empirically illustrated from case studies.