Various Forms Of Deviant Behavior Research Articles

Deviant behavior in adolescents: the role of non-suicidal self-harm, depression and the desire to find new sensations

BACKGROUND. Although previous studies have shown that deviant predisposition is an important risk factor for non-suicidal self-harming behavior, the reasons for this relationship are unclear.
 AIM. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of deviant behavior, the level of depression and the desire to search for new sensations in adolescents with non-suicidal self-harming behavior.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS. At the first stage, 154 adolescents with a history of self-harming behavior were examined. At the second stage, using the Colombian Scale of Severity of suicidal Intentions, 149 adolescents with only non-suicidal self-harming behavior were selected from the entire sample (31.50% of them boys and 68.50% of girls, the average age was 16.35 years; SD=1.15). The study excluded 5 adolescents who had self-harmed for suicidal purposes. Columbia Scale of severity of suicidal intentions, Razuvaeva Suicide Risk Questionnaire, Bass–Perry Aggression Level Questionnaire, Diagnostic questionnaire to identify the propensity to various forms of deviant behavior for students of general education institutions, A. Beck’s depression questionnaire, Diagnosis of the needs of new sensations by M. Zuckerman, methods of descriptive statistics, r-Spearman correlation analysis.
 RESULTS. Persons prone to aggressive behavior in general are more likely to show inconsistency, demonstrativeness, poorly developed time perspective and uniqueness. Teenagers who have a poor idea of the future (a weak time perspective) are characterized by a high level of general aggressiveness, hostility, physical aggression, as well as a desire to search for sensations. Adolescents with depressive syndrome with feelings of insolvency, helplessness, are prone to deviant behavior in general, and to the search for new sensations.
 CONCLUSION. The correlation analysis revealed statistically significant correlations of aggression, autoaggression, deviant behavior, desire for sensation seeking and depression in adolescents. The results of our study provide the basis for an intervention aimed at preventing and reducing adolescent NSSP and deviant behavior in general.

Cognitive and emotional development of first-graders in the Sakha Republic (Yakutia)

The relevance of the problem of adaptation of first-graders to school has become increasingly obvious due to the increase in neuropsychiatric diseases of children, as well as violations of academic performance, behavior and interpersonal relationships among children of primary school age. The practice shows that untimely recognition of these problems and the lack of special corrective programs have lead not only to chronic retardation, but also to secondary disorders of the child’s psychosocial development, and to various forms of deviant behavior. Purpose of the study: to analyze the cognitive and emotional development of first-graders. Research objectives: determining the research program; diagnostics of cognitive abilities and emotional sphere of children; analysis of research results. As part of the study, such methods as subtests of diagnostic complexes aimed at assessing regulatory functions were used: the Memory for Designs technique, the Sentence Repetition technique, the Sorting cards by variable attribute technique Dimensional Change Card Sorting, Inhibition technique, and the tests aimed at studying the ability to understand emotions [1]. The levels of cognitive and emotional development of first-graders, participants in a longitudinal study of the project “Growing with Yakutia” were studied, information about their academic performance and social success was collected.

Approbation of the Russian version of the Body Investment Scale (BIS)

Introduction. Modern psychological research requires constantly expanding the diagnostic apparatus which is transformed and supplemented depending on current issues of scientific and societal development. Among these diagnostic issues are problems associated with self-awareness and body awareness, with self-destruction and with human body boundaries, which underlie a person’s ideas about themselves. Materials and Methods. The 2022 study included 866 participants of both sexes, aged 13-41. Of these, 263 participants had various forms of deviant behavior, including self-destructive behavior. The control sample comprised several subgroups (respondents of different educational levels, age and lifestyle) and amounted to 603 people. Research methods included: specialized literature review, testing, and data interpretation and analysis. The study was based on the BIS created by I. Orbach and M. Mikulinser to study the emotional processes associated with a person’s attitude towards their body, as well as to identify markers of self-destructive and suicidal behavior. The mathematical statistics methods were as follows: principal component analysis with varimax rotation, Ward's method, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Results. The obtained results revealed that factor and cluster organization of the questionnaire confirm the original author’s version and allow using not only the integral indicator but also subscale components such as bodily care, self-acceptance, body protection, hostility towards one’s body, risk-taking, tactile comfort, and distance control, all allowing for a more differentiated approach to assessing various behavioral deviations. Cronbach's α coefficient analysis (0.831) also confirmed the reliability of the BIS. Conclusion. An initial check of the BIS by main psychometric indicators reveals a possibility of using its Russian version to assess both individual bodily experiences and attitudes towards one’s body as a whole.

Проблема отклоняющегося поведения у современных студентов вузов

The article deals with the problems of deviant behavior of modern university students. The historical, socio-economic, medical and biological prerequisites for the occurrence of deviations are analyzed. The frequency of manifestation of various forms of deviant behavior is compared. The problem of students missing classes without valid reasons is considered, including the impact of the pandemic caused by the "New coronavirus infection Covid-19" on non-attendance at the university. Special emphasis is placed on the digitalization of modern society as a factor predisposing to skipping classes. Conclusions are drawn about the possibilities of improving the educational process and ways to solve problems related to the deviant behavior of modern students.

Characteristics of socio-psychological adaptation of adolescents subjected to psychological, emotional and physical violence

One of the most significant factors of adolescent adaptation is exposure to various types of violence. In scientific research, there is a lack of work on establishing the relationship between violence against a teenager and the characteristics of his maladaptation. The study is devoted to a comprehensive study and description of the features of the severity of the characteristics of socio-psychological maladjustment of adolescents subjected to psychological, emotional and physical violence. The study involved 159 schoolchildren aged 12 to 16 studying in grades 6-8 of general education institutions. Research methods: the author's questionnaire for assessing exposure to various types of violence and psychological testing of the characteristics of socio-psychological maladjustment of adolescents. Statistical processing was carried out using descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance using the SPSS Statistics 26.00 software package. As a result of the study, statistically significant differences were established in the severity of suicidal risk, depression, deviant behavior, psychological well-being and self-attitude as characteristics of the socio-psychological maladjustment of adolescents who experienced various types of violence. The analysis made it possible to establish that all types of violence contribute to an increase in the socio-psychological maladjustment of adolescents, while physical violence has a more negative impact. According to the results of the study, it is possible to identify similar characteristics of the socio-psychological maladjustment of adolescents who were subjected to physical, psychological and emotional violence, these include: various forms of deviant behavior, mood changes, reduced self-esteem of health, greater closeness, insecurity, reduced self-esteem and self-worth.

Треш-стрим – форма сетевой агрессии: уголовно-правовой анализ

Social networking is one of the most widespread forms of modern digital technologies today. Along with the undoubted advantages of interaction and communication between people on the Internet, the social network generates certain criminological risks, including those associated with the manifestation of various forms of deviant behavior and the creation of a new subculture. Socio-political tensions, economic problems, a decline in the general cultural level, media aggression, the Covid-19 pandemic, as well as the impersonality of the internet and its capabilities contributed to the emergence and rapid spread of online aggression. Netizens have transferred their values and personal problems to the virtual space. One of the manifestations of this deviant behavior is the trash streaming, which has not yet been legally defined. The media abounds with examples of violence, insults, humiliation of human dignity, harm to life and health committed during live broadcasts on the internet. The public and legislators have drafted a bill to amend and supplement the criminal law, proposing to criminalize the commission of such acts online. This article aims at exploring these legislative initiatives and proposals. The authors were therefore faced with the tasks of formulating a general concept of this phenomenon and analyzing the existing scientific literature and the bill criminalizing this negative phenomenon. The authors applied content analysis and general scientific methods, in particular, comparison, analysis and synthesis, statistical and deductive methods, which made it possible to formulate some general conclusions. The authors consider possible objective and subjective features of the act in question and make a conclusion about the need for additional work on the bill, taking into account, inter alia, the opinion of the scientific community.

Društvena uloga Policijskog glasnika i pojava crne hronike u Srbiji

In this paper, the social and security history of Serbia at the end of the 19th century is analyzed through an overview of the emergence, survival and functioning of the police press as a newspaper intended for the general public, but also as a significant means of shaping political culture and a stable environment. The appearance of the first issue of the Police Herald at the end of 1897 marked the strengthening of the class organization of this service, but also the growing influence and reputation in the society of that time. Although they represented a social-class and professional magazine, the editors (who were also policemen and journalists) made significant professional progress with their responsible, engaged and mobilizing approach on the border of literary and journalistic style, becoming visible in the international environment as well. Their main goal was to educate and train both members of the police and supporting administration, as well as the entire public in order to act preventively against the increasingly noticeable spread of numerous pathological phenomena. The culture of reading the press could not spread as fast as the desire for social change, but the skill of marketing content that talked about thieves, swindlers, bandits, murderers, corrupt government representatives, poisoners and similar actors of deviant phenomena, without sensationalism, manipulation and glorification of such persons was stunning. The Police Newsletter was published intermittently until 1944 (first stage 1897-1914; second stage 1920-1944). The affirmative and propaganda-activist purpose of the newspaper is visible in the intention to bring biographies and results of police officers, including their photos, to the public. More than 5.000 pictures of hardened criminals have been published against whom proceedings were conducted and who threatened the society in any way, while the number of texts related to the local crime was over 12,000. Their characteristic is the literary-publicistic style of narration, which brings criminal investigations and topics closer to a wider audience. Because of the simple, vernacular language and interesting storytelling, the readership was very high for that time. With a mild, informal and friendlier approach, the Police Herald built a bridge of trust with the community, expanding the reputation of the police and its employees, while simultaneously changing social awareness of corruption, crime and other pathological phenomena. This clearly shows the educational and professional mission of the newspaper, which, by scripting deviant behavior, strives to change the patriarchal consciousness of the Serbian public, especially doing everything to transform the behavior of persons from the criminal sphere. The narrativization of reality extends and strengthens the regulative influence of the police service and legal procedures, because through the discourse of local crime reports, social practices are legitimized in the social order in which they function. The processes of symbolic changes are complex and ambiguous, but as the content of newspapers became more interesting and explosive, so did the number of readers. The Newsletter reveals the then-unknown stories about thieves, swindlers, bandits, murderers, corrupt government officials, the sins of government officials... but at the same time it teaches the people how to oppose them or help the police to arrest them. The class-oriented editorial structure and genre hierarchy of news and reports, with a focus on the contents of the local crime reports, only increased the interest of public opinion in the operation of police services, but also the role and status of police officers and their relationship with the state and citizens. Even then, stories and records from the world of crime significantly stimulated the public's attention to the newspapers that publish them, at the same time empowering and creating a mobile audience core ready to responsibly and courageously oppose various forms of deviant behavior. Conservativism was at least temporarily pushed aside, so it can be said that the Police Herald at the crossroads of the 19th and 20th centuries represented the initiator of security reforms and new winds in the stagnant and blurred atmosphere of political confrontations and conflicts among parties of the time.

Полицейская девиантность: причины и возможности преодоления

In modern Russia, the problem of the balance between the implementation of law enforcement activities (firstly, police ones) and ensuring the rights and freedoms of man and citizen is becoming increasingly relevant. Special significance is attached to the legal regulation of the activities of the police and representatives of other law enforcement agencies so that they have clear and understandable legal mechanisms for restricting civil rights at their disposal. However, the desire to provide a legal basis for policing, in our opinion, has led to excessive regulation of the possible and proper behavior of the police officers. Moreover, the regulatory legislation of various «law enforcement» agencies differs significantly in terms of the use of physical force, special means and firearms, in other words, means of restricting rights and freedoms. That seems reasonable, since each department solves its own tasks, but in the same situations, representatives of, for example, the FSB of Russia (the Federal Security Service of the Russian Federation), the police and the National Guard of Russia have different grounds for using weapons. The legislators’ efforts to regulate this area as much as possible have led to contradictions between various regulatory legal acts, especially in criminal legislation.
 This circumstance generates various forms of deviant behavior of police officers when they face with stressful situations in their law enforcing.
 In our opinion, the current norms (particularly of Chapter 8) of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation are clearly insufficient. In addition, their statutory wording is not perfect. They make it possible to shift the blame for causing harm on persons who cause this harm under circumstances without criminality of the act.

Formation of social dignity through the education system

The article is devoted to the analysis of the problem of the formation of social dignity through the education system. The emphasis is placed on the fact that modern education is deeply imbued with concepts of individualism, which include the currently widespread belief, inspired by liberal thinkers, that education should be focused on the growth and development of the individual. In contrast to this thesis, the paper considers the paradigm of social solidarity and collectivism in education, proposed by E. Durkheim. This paradigm, according to the scientist, contributes to a more effective formation of social dignity. The paper attempts to consider various aspects of the formation of social dignity among young people: through the prism of value orientations, life position and in the context of deviant behavior through the prism of social norms. Based on the materials of long-term studies of various forms of deviant behavior among young people (results of surveys of schoolchildren, university students, minors the penitentiary system), conducted by the sector of sociology of deviant behavior of the IS FCTAS RAS, certain social patterns have been identified that contribute to the growth of deviant behavior of children and adolescents. It is shown the important components of social dignity are value-normative, legal, national consciousness. Adolescents with a deviant personality orientation show lower levels of development in these areas. The study allows us to conclude that, ultimately, a low level of formation of both internal and external (social) dignity leads to the development of various forms of deviant behavior in adolescents. The formation and development of social dignity among young people is possible through the reorientation of the school from the primacy of individualism education to the inclusion of oneself in the collective and service to society.

ВЗАИМОСВЯЗЬ ЭМОЦИОНАЛЬНОГО ИНТЕЛЛЕКТА И СКЛОННОСТИ К СОЦИАЛЬНО ОПАСНОМУ ПОВЕДЕНИЮ У ОБУЧАЮЩИХСЯ ПОДРОСТКОВОГО ВОЗРАСТА

The article is devoted to the study of the correlation between various types of socially dangerous behavior of students and their emotional intelligence in adolescence. The relevance of this study depends on the growing problem of ensuring security in educational institutions, which is confirmed by the annual tragic events committed by students in Russian schools and colleges. The purpose of the study is to test the correlation between the propensity of adolescents for various types of socially dangerous behavior and their emotional intelligence. The theoretical basis of the study was the modern data of Russian and foreign scientists on the connection of aggressive, deviant, victim behavior with various manifestations of emotional intelligence. The empirical study was conducted in 2020 to test the assumption that a low level of emotional intelligence development is a predictor of various forms of deviant behavior of adolescent students. The sample consisted of 793 adolescents at the age of 13-15. The method of organizing the study is a mass screening examination. Data collection was conducted using the inventory “Propensity to deviant behavior” by Leus E.V. and Solovyov A.G. and the “Questionnaire on emotional intellect Emin” by Lusin D.V. The obtained results allowed us to characterize the propensity of adolescents of the studied sample to the main types of socially dangerous behavior (delinquent, aggressive, self-injurious, etc.) and showed that more than a third of students have a low level of emotional intelligence. A reliable feedback relationship has been established between the tendency to deviant behavior and emotional intelligence: the lower its level in adolescent students, the higher their tendency to the studied types of socially dangerous behavior.

Девиантное поведение индивида в результате взаимодействия с микрофинансовыми организациями

The article discusses certain risks of taking loans at microfinance organizations in the event of financial shocks. The question of the consequences of microloans is relevant, since they can lead to various forms of deviant behavior of the individual, which significantly affect the socio-economic situation in society.

Parenting and sharenting communication for preventing juvenile delinquency

The focus of this research is to examine the communication techniques between parents and children in the context of parenting and giving advice (sharenting) for the prevention of children or adolescents' delinquency. The informants of this research were students, teachers, parents, and community leaders from two countries (Indonesia and Malaysia). Data were collected utilizing the focus group discussion techniques via Zoom meeting platform. Data were analyzed using interactive analysis which includes four stages, namely: data collection, data reduction, display data, and drawing a conclusion/verification. The results show that parenting and sharenting communication are strategic forums to guide adolescents to avoid various forms of deviant behavior, especially delinquency. The communication techniques applied consist of persuasive and in certain conditions coercive communication techniques are utilized. Communication barriers include the lack of commitment of some parents in carrying out comprehensive communication.

Психологические особенности военнослужащих с разной спецификой негативных последствий пребывания в экстремальных условиях боевой обстановк

The article presents the results of an empirical study devoted to identifying and describing averaged typical psychological features of categories of military personnel performing combat missions in extreme combat conditions, predisposed to the formation of various forms of deviant behavior as negative consequences of a collision with stressful environmental factors. The results of a comparative analysis of respondents prone to such forms of behavioral deviations as victimization, gambling addiction, procrastination, psychological abuse and violation of official discipline are presented. It was shown that there are statistically significant differences between the psychological structure of these groups of respondents.

Взаимосвязь и взаимообусловленность установок выбора жизненного пути и склонности к девиантному поведению у военнослужащих

Full-fledged development and optimal adaptation of a person in society is an urgent task of society. While reducing the risks of deviant behavior affects the psychological health and well-being of the subject. Their prevention is largely due to the peculiarities of choosing a life path. The novelty of this article is that it is devoted to the problem of choosing a life path for young men who are on active military service and have a tendency to deviant behavior. The study involved military conscripts from 18 to 23 years of age in the number of 50 young men. Test and projective techniques were used. The study established the relationship between the types of attitudes associated with the choice of young people's life path and their propensity to various forms of deviant behavior. The results show that young men who have hedonistic attitudes to choosing a life path do not tend to develop deviant behavior, while young men who are serving in the army, who have value and creative attitudes, tend to deviate. In addition, military personnel who have creative attitudes to choosing their life path show signs of addictive behavior and aggression when serving in the army. And the creative attitude of choosing a life path causes the emergence of addictions.

Porodične prilike i odnosi kao faktor kriminaliteta kod dece

Statistics show that crime rates are rising globally. Not a single period of the development of human society was spared from the pathological phenomena and deviant behavior, nor even the modern era, where an explosion of various forms of deviant behavior can actually be noticed. What are the conditions and causes that have led to such global trends? In this paper, family circumstances and relationships will be analyzed as a crime factor. We will see what the universal and unchanged characteristics of the family are, how it affects the socialization, cultivation and individualization of children. In one systematic way, we will try to respond to the universal issues of family influence on its members. What are the interactive relationships between family members? How the functional and dysfunctional families affect their members? If and how can a family create a favorable climate for deviant behavior and how to avoid the multiplication of pathological phenomena in dysfunctional families? How youth and juvenile delinquency can be connected? All these are questions that we will try to give an answer to, although this answer is unlikely to be one-dimensional, since the family is a complex social group, with a complex mechanism of action.

FEATURES OF AGE DYNAMICS OF DEVIANT BEHAVIOR OF CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS WITH NEUROSIS-LIKE STATE OF RESIDUAL-ORGANIC GENESIS

The study presents the identification and study of the characteristics of the formation and dynamics of various forms of deviant behavior in the clinic of neurosis-like states of residual-organic genesis, that is guided by the principles not previously used in the study of the studied pathology. Behavioral disorders were studied in a comparative aspect in two clinical variants, which are asthenohyperdynamic and astheno-adynamic manifestations of the cerebrastenic syndrome, which is a part of the structure of a neurosis-like state. The age dynamics of behavioral disorders was studied at different stages of ontogenesis, including childhood, prepubertal and puberty, by comparing the obtained data labeled by the subheadings "Period of the first age crisis", "Period of the second age crisis" and "Puberty period". The study found that age response forms reflect the low personal resources of adolescents and the massiveness of negative social influences. As the analysis of clinical material has shown, during puberty, violations in the sphere of cravings became more distinct. Disorders in the sphere of inclinations at this age are closely correlated with the features of the somato-endocrine metamorphosis and with the unfavorable influence of socio-psychological factors. Lack of sexual desire was in direct proportion with a pronounced delay in puberty. Violations in the sphere of sexual desire, reflecting the nondifferentiation of the sexual attitudes of adolescents with delayed puberty, were characteristic of those studied with pronounced volitional immaturity, in particular with such signs as suggestibility, a tendency to imitation. During puberty, the clinical picture of the studied adolescents revealed more clearly the qualitatively new pathological properties of the personality due to the development of excitable, unstable, less often labile and hysterical manifestations. In contrast to psychopathic behavior in sick children and adolescents, no correlation was found between the first signs of deviant behavior and cerebrastenic disorders. In all cases, behavioral disturbances are caused by unfavorable micro-social factors. Based on the follow-up data, the study has found that the studied group of sick children and adolescents is characterized by both favorable dynamics (22) and a negative outcome (20 patients). This suggests that the pubertal period is characterized by a polymorphism of behavioral disorders and is one of the decisive factors in the prognosis of the further development of the child.

The attitudes of Russian teenagers toward sexual aggression

IntroductionThe data reported in the article describe the attitudes of teenagers to problems concerning sexual violence and aggression. Nowadays in Russia there is a high level of teenage crime and deviant behavior and a high rate of teenage suicides (Spravochnoe izdanie, 2009). At the same time, if information about law violations (delinquent behavior) is acknowledged by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, cases of violence and sexual aggression are often undisclosed (Argunova, 2005).The importance of the problem of sexual aggression dining puberty is confirmed by several sociopsychological research projects. For instance, teachers' opinions about the reasons for aggressive behavior showed a considerable increase in reasons connected to sexual background (sexual attraction toward the opposite sex, feelings of jealousy toward a competitor), specifically dining puberty, between 7th and 9th grades (Sobkin & Fomichenko, 2014).In relation to this topic it is important to notice also the information environment of a modern teenager. In accordance with the Law for the Protection of Children from Information Able to Harm Their Health and Development (Federal Law of the Russian Federation, no. 436-FZ of 2010-12-23), a rating system was implemented. These ratings regulate the extent to which audiences of various ages may be exposed to sexual content. However, they are directed to information producers. For parents and children they function only as guidance. Moreover, they have hardly any influence on whether teenagers themselves consume these information products, be it by watching television or films or using the Internet. Because for most teenagers erotic content is highly attractive (Obrazovanie i informatsionnaya kultura, 2000; Tolerantnost v podrostkovoy subkulture, 2000), its being officially marked combined with the absence of efficient mechanisms of social control can even enhance its consumption.Given the lack of any national systems that could monitor negative factors in the teenage environment, including sexual aggression, special value lies in the data obtained through questionnaires, as these data allow us to evaluate the prevalence of such factors, and they also describe the typical lifestyles of modern Russian teenagers.MethodsThis article is based on data from a research project conducted in 2012 in the Krasnoyarsk (Russia) region. The aim was to study teenagers' attitudes toward various forms of deviant behavior (smoking, drinking alcohol, using drugs), as well as their orientation toward a healthy lifestyle. The research particularly addressed various aspects of schoolchildren's sexual behavior and their attitudes toward sexual violence. The main research method was a paper questionnaire. It was administered to 1,540 children in the 7th, 9th, and 11th grades within the framework of a research program that had been started in 2002 (Sobkin, Abrosimova, Adamchuk, & Baranova, 2005a, 2005b).ResultsAnalysis of the official Ministry of Internal Affairs statistics from 2004 to 2008 shows that on average more than 8,000 crimes classified as rape or as attempted rape are registered per year (Spravochnoe izdanie, 2009). Specifically, more than 10% of these crimes are committed by underage children or with their direct participation. However, the official statistics do not reflect the real situation in this area. Experts in criminal psychology note that these crimes have high latency, which causes most of them to stay unreported. There are two types of latency of a sexual crime: artificial and genuine. Artificial latency is caused by mistakes in law proceedings and low-quality police work. The official statistics are based solely on the number of suits filed in court. However, from 1997 to 2003 there was a distinct increase in suits that were rejected by the court -- from 1.45 to 2.8 rejections for every four reported rapes. In other words, of four rape reports only about one results in a lawsuit. …

Interrelation of Social and Psychological Adaptation and Tendency to Deviant Behavior of Students

The tendency to deviant behavior of students is a negatively affecting factor to the success of their socialization. Its actualization can lead to serious consequences, and become the reason of personality degradation even its death. Some reasons of the tendency to deviant behavior are violations of social and psychological adaptation. The interrelation of positive and negative factors of social and psychological adaptation with the tendency to various forms of deviant behavior is studied in this research. It is established that students' positive elements of social and psychological adaptation, such as high adaptation, self-acceptance and acceptance of others, internal control negatively effect on possibilities of the tendency development to various forms of deviant behavior. As for negative elements of social and psychological adaptation, such as disadaptation, self-unacceptance and unacceptance of others, emotional discomfort, external control and escapism can lead to strengthening of the tendency to deviant behavior. Positive and negative elements of social and psychological adaptation on the tendency to deviant behavior of students-boys are much lower than that of students-girls.

Behavioral Disorders in Adolescents with Mild Intellectual Disability

AbstractAdolescents with intellectual disabilities, due to deficits in their intellectual functioning, are exposed to even greater risk of developing various forms of behavioral disorders.Goal: to determine the risk of emergence of behavioral disorders in adolescents with mild intellectual disability.Respondents: adolescents (211) with mild intellectual disability, educational staff in special secondary schools (39) and members of the expert team (5).Methods: descriptive method, method of comparative analysisProcedures: survey and semi-structured interviews with the educational staff and expert team.Statistical data processing: Windows Tool R x C for contingency tables analysis and Fisher Exact Test, and as significant were considered the differences with significance level of pResults: with the statistical data processing we came to the conclusion that the school achievements affect the emergence of undesired behavior (pConclusion: we came to the conclusion that different forms of behavioral disorders appear in students and they haven't been sufficiently informed about the possible consequences and they rarely voluntarily initiate conversation in respect of the problem. The behavio- ral disorders in this category of students are conditioned by multiple factors by the type of housing, the duration of the period in a stu- dent home, the school achievements, the age and the sex.Key words: behavioral disorder, adolescence, mild intellectual disability(ProQuest: ... denotes non-US-ASCII text omitted.)IntroductionBehavioral disorders are a problem in society that needs to be paid more attention to. Various forms of deviant behavior are also often encountered in people with intellectual disabilities.Different groups affect the personality of the individual, and this effect can be manifested as a risk factor or protective factor.The risk factors affect the increased likelihood of emergence of deviant forms of behavior, while the protective factors reduce this impact by changing the way the young person reacts in a particular situation. The risk factors and protective factors exist in all social contexts in which social interaction takes place. These social contexts are called domains, and they include family, school, peers and social environment (1).The family represents the primary group in which, beginning from the birth, the foun- dations of the future individual are being shaped and the process of education and socialization takes place. Within the family, the child builds its moral character, the intellectual predispositions, as well as the first characteris- tics of its personality are being developed and a picture is being created about its own values and the values of other people (2). The dysfunctional families are generally poor, single parent families and families with a large number of children. These are usually socially isolated, and the parents have insufficiently developed communication skills and empathy and lower opinion of their own skills (3). The school also represents a very important factor in the development of a person and its socialization in general. If an adolescent has been positively accepted in school, it develops a feeling of security and it has a greater level of academic achievements; on the contrary the school becomes a source that generates inconveniences. The failure in school increases the risk of leaving school, using illegal substances, development of delinquency and other forms of deviant behavior (4). Socializing with peers is very important for the development of a personality, especially in the period of adolescence. …

Evaluating the Validity of Self-Reported Deviant Behavior Using Vignette Analyses

In this paper, the validity of vignette analyses of various forms of deviant behavior in the presence of opportunities is analyzed on the basis of ideas derived from cognitive psychology. Abelson’s Script Theory together with insights into human memory of visual and verbal information, allow the assumption that vignette analyses using visual stimuli are valid measures of deviant behavior in particular. The study includes an empirical examination of these ideas (n = 450). Nonparticipant observations and vignette analyses with visual and verbal material were carried out with regard to three forms of deviant behavior occurring in the presence of opportunities presenting themselves in everyday life. Observed and self-reported frequencies of deviant behavior or deviant intentions were counted and cross-tabulated. Log-linear analyses with dummy coding using observation data as reference category were run. Data analyses yielded the result that frequencies of deviant behavior were related to the techniques of data collection under consideration. Especially vignette analyses of the return of ‘lost letters’ that use both visual and verbal stimuli overestimate ‘actual’ (i.e. observed) return rates. This result is discussed with regard to the underlying methodological assumptions as well as its implications.