Various Factors Of Production Research Articles

ЕНЕРГОЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ НА МІКРО- ТА МАКРОРІВНЯХ УПРАВЛІННЯ: ЕКОНОМІЧНИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article analyzes approaches to ensuring the energy efficiency of systems of different levels of integration: from the micro to the macro level. It is shown that depending on the level of the system under consideration, it may vary in the performance indicators they exhibit. Therefore, efforts to increase energy efficiency must differ in how they aggregate qualitatively different levels of energy consumption. It is illustrated that there is a difference of views and approaches between researchers who specialize in the issue of energy efficiency. In particular, representatives of exact sciences focus attention on the quality of input and output energy, while the economic perspective allows taking into account the levels of other costs as well and indicates economic efficiency, maximization of benefits and the efficiency with which energy resources are used. Arguments are presented in favor of the presence of a significant gap between the actual efficiency of energy consumption within the defined research objects and the efficiency that can be achieved taking into account the identified potential. As a result, individual households and enterprises do not invest in cost-effective energy-efficient technologies compared to what is optimal for achieving private or social effects. It is indicated that the achievement of this effect requires the coordination of efforts of various stakeholders (governments, businesses, researchers) and the development of joint approaches regarding the indicators of the success of the implemented changes. It is shown that several approaches have been developed in recent decades to implement policies to increase energy efficiency and stimulate energy-saving measures. Predictably, these approaches differ depending on the country and macro-region. They can provide for measures of a stimulating nature (with the involvement of the entire instrument of state regulation), and be based on the maximum freedom of choice of the consumer. It was determined that the interdependence and partial interchangeability of various factors of production, the numerous possible solutions to the problem of increasing the energy efficiency of systems of different levels of integration require the use of an interdisciplinary approach.

Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah Kota Jayapura Dalam Pemberdayaan Orang Asli Port Numbay Di Sektor Usaha Mikro Perdagangan

The increasing number of non-Papuans moving to Jayapura resulted in the Port Numbay Indigenous People (OPN) as natives of Jayapura City unable to compete in the micro-trade business sector. The present research examines the Jayapura municipal government’s policy regarding the empowerment of OPN in the micro-trade business sector based on the principle of affirmation. This type of empirical juridical research is descriptive with a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques use observation, in-depth interviews, and literature studies. The result showed that the empowerment program not only gave priority to OPN but also all indigenous Papuans (OAP) without neglecting non-Papuans. Empowerment policy is in the form of providing reinforcement and protection. Strengthening policies are implemented by developing entrepreneurial competencies, providing capital assistance and facilities, and promoting local products. Protection policies take the form of providing traditional markets for OPN and OAP and prohibiting non-Papuans from selling traditional handicrafts and garden products with Papuan socio-cultural characteristics. However, its effectiveness has been limited because strengthening the ownership of various factors of production, distribution, and marketing in the protected business sector has not been carried out.

Sponsored Overseas Human Capital Development In Pacific Emerging economies; Program Design Limitations and Complexities

Growth and development are goals of many economies including emerging economies in the Pacific. Aggregate sustained economic growth and development require various factors of production being collectively engaged in a complex process. One of the main economic development strategies undertaken by various developing countries and emerging economies in the Pacific is the investment into overseas human capital development, predominantly in developed nations. However, the program design characteristics and employability complexities tend to restrict the real economic value that these practices return to these economies.

Analysis and Governance Proposal of Algorithmic Power Alienation

The development of Internet technology has allowed algorithms to gradually deepen their influence on our lives, and have been alienated into the power that can mobilize various factors of production, and targeted governance is imperative. This paper starts from the necessity of power alienation, analyzes the key factors, draws on mature experience, and puts forward feasible suggestions for the current situation.

Conceptual Framework of Adoption and Implementation of Technological Challenges – A Road towards Sustainable Development

As we all know that nothing can be produced without the involvement of factors of production. However, the involvement of intensification of various factors of production differs from product to product, region to region and firm to firm around the world. In this regard, without any second thought or opinion that technology is holding the driver's seat in economics, the road takes forward. Nothing is so important around the world that it is not giving any significant efficient contributions to the respective sectors, industries and firms in a state. Predominantly, technology allows progress toward efficient production and better goods and services. Nonetheless, in reality, the advancement of technological progress used is very complex, especially in highly populated developing countries like India with respect to policy implications and the decision-making process of the firms or the industry. Since, the bilateral linkage is observed by technological advancement with different variables like education, socio-economic growth, innovation, production and turnover ratio and so on. But, the likelihood of impact on reduction in the demand for labour force, widening of inequality in the distribution of wealth among the people and social responsibility needs to be ensured for the welfare by the regulators are also not to be neglected. The advancement of technologies and adoption of the same on the one side increases the flow of knowledge expansion, cooperation among the investors improves emerging businesses around the world. On the other side, the fabrication and challenges on multiplication of various inventive activities of the corporate world like automated systems, big data, development of information and communication technologies, artificial intelligence, patient, recipes, protocol, routine instructions and manuals also become inevitable to sustainable development. This paper is intended to review the challenges of adoption and implications of technological advancement toward sustainable socio-economic growth.

Digital Labor: The New Labour of Digital Capitalism

The development of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has greatly changed the capitalist mode of production and accumulation. New technologies represented by cloud computing, big data and the Internet of Things have reconfigured various factors of production and resources. In the transition to digital capitalism, more and more digital workers have emerged. A large number of workers engaged in information production, dissemination and monitoring use digital technology as production and processing tools. (Sandoval 2015) defines digital labor as: mental workers and manual workers who take ICTs and digital technology as means of production, including producers and users.[1] She points out that capital’s embrace of ICTs and digital technology has accelerated the shift of capitalism’s main accumulation space from a “factory floor” to a “social factory” dominated by metropolitan office buildings.

Analysis and Design of the Integrated Management Information System of the Company (SIMANTAP)

Production and distribution activities are carried out by combining various factors of production, namely humans, nature, and capital. From this management, of course, humans cannot manage existing data in the company manually continuously because it could be that data that has been recapitalized can be lost resulting in the company’s strategy to achieve success is a little hampered. This study proposes a design of an integrated management information system company that can manage human and financial resources in one application. The proposed application is called SIMANTAP, where the purpose and function of this application are to create, view, and manage all company data starting from employee data, inventory items, seeing company expenses and income in one media to make it easier for employees, admins, and managers to see information company. This application was developed by the waterfall method, with a case study of a company in Surabaya. This application is expected to support the company’s business, especially related to human resources and financial management.

Financial Ratio Analysis in DU PONT SYSTEM to Measure Financial Performance PT. Terminal Teluk Lamong

Companies are defined as organizational units that use various factors of production and produce goods and services to be sold to households, other companies or the government in a profit-oriented manner. In this global era, competition among actors is increasingly competitive. In this research will be conducted to measure the company's financial performance using ratio analysis in the DuPont System at PT. Teluk Lamong Surabaya Terminal in the period 2016 to 2018. The DuPont System can identify the cause of the inefficiency of a company based on its financial statements. The purpose of this financial ratio analysis is to see and evaluate the company's current and future financial condition. This study aims to determine the results of financial performance at the company PT. Teluk Lamong Surabaya Terminal in the period 2016 to 2018.

تحلیل الکفاءة الاقتصادیة لمدخلات مزارع المانجو بمحافظة الإسماعیلیة ‏

Mango is considered one of the most important fruit crops in Egypt due to its widespread cultivation compared to other fruit crops and in addition to its importance as an important fruit crop it comes in third place after both citrus, oranges, grapes in terms of its contribution to the monetary value of the total Egyptian agricultural exports, and can be crystallized the problem of studying in the possibility of answering questions about what is the concept of the optimal economic size of the farm? What are the factors affecting farm sizes? What are the different measures of farm sizes? What is the optimal economic size of mango farms in new and old lands? To what extent is there a moral impact on the productive efficiency of the farm in question? The research aims generally to measure the optimal size of mango farms in new and old lands and estimate the production functions to identify the value of the marginal output of the various factors of production and estimated the total productivity flexibility of the function by about 1.07 this indicates that the increase of these production elements by the estimated function of 10% leads to an increase in the total output of the acre of mango by about 10.7 % which means an increase in the yield of capacity. The marginal output and average output per productive component were derived from the total output function of the study sample as table (1) showed that the (M.P) for both human labor and nitrogen fertilizer was estimated at about 0.018, 0.029 tons for those productive elements on The order as estimated the value of the marginal product of these productive elements about 210.42, 339.01 pounds respectively.

SOCIAL CAPITAL IN THE LABOR MARKET

Today, the main goal for any country is to ensure economic growth (quantitative changes) and economic development (qualitative changes). Based on the main macroeconomic identity, one of the most important factors of economic growth, GDP growth, is the size of consumption (C, consumption). Consumption directly depends on the amount of income, first of all, labor income, which is formed in the labor market. In turn, the amount of labor income is determined by the impact of a number of factors that affect the income of employees at the macro and micro levels. On the one hand, the size of a country's GDP is calculated as the sum of income from the use of various factors of production. But, on the other hand, the general state of the national economy is a significant factor in the amount of individual income. At the micro level of the economy, the individual income of employees highly depends on the significance of the profession and industry for the country's economy, the level of qualification of the employee, the experience and length of service in this profession, the position held, etc. A very important factor in an employee's career success and income is social capital accumulated by him or her. Let's look at how social capital "works" in the labor market: 1) What is social capital at the micro level? 2) How are social and human capitals linked? 3) How are social capital and information about the labor market situation related? 4) What are the most general trends in the development of the labor market and what is the role of social capital in the new conditions?

Diagnostic importance of cytokine balance by the action of various factors of production

It is shown that under the influence of the noise vibration factor, the CI fluctuated within 0.44-0.58 y. e., under the influence of industrial aerosol, an increase in IC from 0.5 to 0.97y. e. this indicates the frequency and severity of inflammatory reactions of the body in working dusty professions.

The problems of soy market development in the far east and the ways of their solutions

<p>Soybean production is the main branch of specialization of agriculture in the south of the Far East, which is due to the unique natural advantages associated with favorable climatic conditions for the cultivation of this crop. In Russia, soybean as an agricultural crop has not historically found wide distribution, which is due to the exacting nature of this plant for various factors of production, the undeveloped culture of consumption of soy products in the diet of the population. Therefore soybeans were more used as technical raw materials for the production of the most important products of its processing - oil and meal. The purpose of this study is to identify trends in the soybean seeds market in the Far East and develop recommendations for improving the efficiency of its functioning in modern conditions. The methodology of soybean market research is based on the synthesis of economic analysis and applied methods developed in mathematical statistics. The scientific value of the results of the study is to identify the development trend of the soybean market localized in the Far East of Russia and to develop practical recommendations that complement the main provisions of the theory of spatial development and institutional configuration of market structures in the agrarian sphere.</p>

China’s Economic Development and Development Economics Innovation

China has experienced rapid economic growth since its reform and opening up 40 years ago. The prime mover and key driver of these amazing achievements originated in China’s transformation from a planned economy to a socialist market economy, and from a closed economy to an open economy. The optimal allocation of the various factors of production and the interaction of economic growth and structural upgrading also played a significant part. China’s economic growth over the 40 years has applied, and proven effective, the general principles of development economics, and more importantly, based on the realities of China, it has contributed to theoretical innovation and institutional innovation, leading China along the road of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Entering the new era, China is committed to building a modern economic system and promoting high-quality development under the guidance of the new development concepts of innovation, coordination, green development, opening up and sharing.

Women Entrepreneurship Development through Cooperatives

IntroductionEntrepreneurs are individuals or group of individuals who invest capital, organize and direct business and industrial units. An entrepreneur assembles, coordinates and directs various factors of production namely land, labor, capital and other materials. "An entrepreneur initiates ventures, employs workers, organizes production, develops markets and influences the development of managerial thoughts" (Shrestha, 1982:11). As stated by Higgins "Entrepreneurship is meant the function of seeing investment and production opportunities, organizing an enterprise to undertake a new production process, raising capital, hiring labor, arranging for the supply of raw materials, finding a site and combining these factors of production into a going concern, introducing new techniques and selecting top managers for day to day operation" (Higgins, 1966:88). The elements common to all of them are the desire for breaking away from traditional ways of doing things, face the organizational and technical problems in decision-making process and measure up to the risks which are implicit in the process (Joshi, 1977: 40). Entrepreneurs can be divided into three broad categories i.e., Private Entrepreneur, Government Entrepreneur and Institutional Entrepreneur (K.C., 1989: 18–19).

Measuring the Bias of Technological Change

Technological change can increase the productivity of the various factors of production in equal terms, or it can be biased toward a specific factor. We directly assess the bias of technological change by measuring, at the level of the individual firm, how much of it is labor augmenting and how much is factor neutral. To do so, we develop a framework for estimating production functions when productivity is multidimensional. Using panel data from Spain, we find that technological change is biased, with both its labor-augmenting and its factor-neutral components causing output to grow by about 1.5 percent per year.

Marketing Strategies of Home Based Women Entrepreneurs in Coimbatore District

An organizer is a person who combines the various factors of production. He is a person who combines the factors of production to supply goods and services. the business may be agriculture, industry, trade or profession. He produces or buys socially valuable product and sells the produce in the market from which he pays to the suppliers of land, labour and capital. What remains is his profit. Thus organizer of a business enterprise is the coordinator and termed as Entrepreneur. the entrepreneur introduces new ideas, carries on new activities, coordinates the factors of production and decides how the business should be run. He anticipates the future trend of demand and price. He has vision, originality of thought and ability to take calculated risk.

Measurement of Productivity and Liability Level of Crops

Crop productivity is the capacity of an area to produce crops; a manifestation of complex interaction of various factors of production that together determine the existing condition of the farm environment. Without proper idea of the present productivity level, effective measures for further improvement cannot be initiated. Geographers and agricultural economists have long been engrossed in measuring agricultural productivity. Here I discuss a new method of measuring crop productivity, i.e. determining crop productivity level of an area with respect to the maximum achievable productivity limit under existing conditions of the farm environment. The method also measures the productivity deficiency level of various crops which makes the selection of liable crops much more sound and logical, and is helpful to formulate both the overall and crop-specific developmental strategies. Standard classes of crop productivity, yield achievement, yield deficit and crop liability levels have been prepared separately based on their index values.

Production Function Analysis of Fish Production in Amansie-West District of Ghana, West Africa

The study aimed to obtain the estimates of a production function for fish production in the Amansie-West District of Ghana, West Africa, using primary data collected from 45 registered farmers. Factor elasticities and returns to scale were estimated, as well as the coefficients for various factors of production. The results indicate that the total area of ponds, weight and size of fingerlings and feed had a significant and positive relationship with fish output (P<.01), in the production of fish in the study area. The production technology used in the district also exhibited increasing returns to scale. There is therefore the need to carry out a wider estimation of the cost functions and economic efficiency of fish production, to enable farmers minimize the cost of production toward efficient and profitable optimum. We recommend changes in public policy to promote improved yields for existing fish ponds in the area with reference to the total pond area, feed and the number or weight of fingerlings, which have strong correlation with fish output (yields). Such policies will go a long way to boost fish production in the Amansie-West District, with a broader focus on fish farmers in other areas within the country.

Input Logistics Management of SMEs: An Evaluation

Production means conversion of raw material into a finished product and involves large amount of investment on various factors of production like labour, machinery, raw material and so on. The sales of the industrial units depend upon quality and quantity of production which must be according to the needs of the customers. Otherwise, it affects the position or status of the company. Further, labour is a very important factor of production as it is the only live factor among 5 Ms (Men, Money, Machine and Methods) So it must be fully satisfied as uninterrupted and smooth production depends upon labour and if labour is not satisfied they will not work with full zeal and will be destructed through their own problems. In the present study, recognizing the importance of small-scale industries (SSI) to the Indian economy and with a view to extend the benefits of its expertise to the SSI sector, an attempt has been made to analyse the input logistics used in production along with the problems being face by the industrial units established during Pre- liberalized period and Post- liberalized period.

Inter-Size Crop Level Agricultural Production Function With Reference To Groundnut Crop: A Case Study in Nellore District Of Andhra Pradesh

Crop-wise production function analysis will clearly indicate many points which are not evident in aggregate and size-wise models. But crop-wise analysis is a farm of aggregate model as the output of a crop coming from different size enterprises has been put together. Land is an important factor for production and its effect on technology must be fully emphasized. It is only an inter-size analysis of production function for a particular crop, which can do away the limitations of an aggregate crop model. Inter-size crop models would also indicate the relative superiority of different crops for different size-group of farms that it is helpful for crop-cum-size level planning. The study aims to analyse the Inter-size crop level Agricultural Production Function for staple crop-groundnut based on entire sample of farms in Three Revenue Mandals of Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh. Data was collected for the explanatory and explained variables with the help of survey method through personal interviews of the farmers selected through mixed sampling in three revenue mandals of Nellore district. Regression co-efficients are estimated to study the relationship between gross output and various factors of production. The sum of the elasticities and their statistical significance was also studied to decide the returns to scale.