Various Categories Of Consumers Research Articles

Revealing the effect of hydrothermal processing of legumes on the accumulation of dry matter in aquafaba

Legumes are an affordable source of vegetable protein, fiber, and vitamins, and due to their high nutritional and biological value, they are widely used in the nutrition of various categories of consumers. The main methods of processing legumes include hydromechanical and hydrothermal treatment, which is aimed at achieving culinary readiness of boiled legumes. Studying the parameters of the specified technological process for the accumulation of dry substances in aquafaba could make it possible to influence the composition and properties of this liquid, which would provide opportunities for its use in the food industry. The influence of hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains on the accumulation of dry matter in aquafaba, as well as the kinetics of moisture content of various types of leguminous grains, have been experimentally investigated, which made it possible to determine the rational parameters of hydromechanical and hydrothermal processing of chickpeas, beans, peas, lentils, with the preparation of boiled leguminous grains and aquafaba. It was determined that during hydromechanical processing intensive moisture absorption occurs in the first hours and reaches up to 80 % of the initial mass, after which the intensity of water absorption decreases somewhat. Rational technological parameters of hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains by two methods, basic (cooking at a temperature of 99±1 °С) and under pressure (cooking in a pressure cooker at a temperature of 120±1 °С) were established in the relationship "achieving the readiness of legumes – the content of dry substances in aquafaba". The use of the above-mentioned techniques for hydrothermal processing of leguminous grains make it possible to obtain the content of dry substances in aquafaba in the range of 2.8–4.8 % for cooking by the main technique and 3.9–7.0 % under pressure cooking conditions. To understand the processes regarding the influence of hydrothermal processing of legume grains on the accumulation of dry substances, the Peleg model was used. The experimental data could be used to substantiate parameters for the technological process to produce foods based on legumes

ГАСТРОНОМІЧНА СПАДЩИНА ЯК МЕХАНІЗМ ЗБЕРЕЖЕННЯ НАЦІОНАЛЬНОЇ ІДЕНТИЧНОСТІ УКРАЇНЦІВ

The article examines the concepts of "identity" "national identity", "European identity", gastronomic heritage. In the conditions of transformation of global economic relations international trade in services offers research and implementation of tourist services to meet the demand of various categories of consumers. Gastronomic tourism is one of the options for recreation in modern conditions. The catalog of the gastronomic heritage of the cultural and pilgrimage route "Camino Podolico" of the cultural and educational route from Vinnytsia to Kamianets-Podilskyi similar to the Ways of St. James leading to the city of Santiago de Compostela. The route connects 13 points of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions. It allows you to plan a walking or cycling trip with the necessary infrastructure for food and overnight stays every 20–25 kilometers. The uniqueness of the Camino Podolico lies in the fact that it passes through the most picturesque places of eastern Podillia. In the first part of it travelers have the opportunity to walk along the picturesque banks of the Southern Bug and Riv rivers. The route popularizes communities in Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions as a tourist attraction among domestic and foreign tourists and creates the necessary conditions for the development of local businesses. Moreover an electronic track of the route which is constantly being improved. Everyone who completes the route on foot or by bicycle will receive a passport for markings at the beginning of the route and a certificate of completion. "Camino Podolico" is implemented by territorial communities of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi regions and DART. The catalog is a bilingual edition containing 22 recipes of unique dishes collected in 11 communities of Vinnytsia and Khmelnytskyi. Kamianets-Podilskyi is the final point on the Camino Podolico where we explored the intangible cultural heritage of communities. It is also planned to study and prospects of the development of tourism during the war and the mechanisms of the post-war recovery of the industry which were determined at the 1st National Tourism Summit.

ТЕРИТОРІАЛЬНИЙ МАРКЕТИНГ: ЗМІСТ, ЗАВДАННЯ, СУБ’ЄКТИ, ІНТЕРЕСИ

Marketing can help a country ensure its value, attract foreign tourists, interest international businessmen and investors, and make living, studying, and working in it prestigious. This applies not only to the country as a whole but also to its regions and local communities. The success of each territory determines the success of the country as a whole, and vice versa. However, does marketing contribute favorably to this process? Why is territorial marketing important? Territorial marketing is a strategic direction of marketing aimed at enhancing the attractiveness and competitiveness of a specific territory. Territorial marketing can be divided into two main categories: Marketing of territories aimed at increasing the attractiveness and image of the territory as a whole for both internal and external audiences; marketing within territories aimed at supporting and promoting specific products, services, and events within the territory; in this case, the inhabitants of the territory play two roles: they are a resource of the territory, participating in the process of creating goods, services, events, in the public life of this territory, and simultaneously consumers of state and municipal services, public goods, other resources, and potentials of the territory with their needs, problems, and desires. The full implementation of marketing throughout the territory of Ukraine is a task that requires not one decade to implement, although the first steps have already been taken. However, they, at the moment, mainly concern traditional marketing of specific goods and services, and as for marketing of the territories themselves, there are still very few positive changes. Western researchers of place marketing pay primary attention in their works to the differences between territories as objects of marketing compared to goods and services, aspects of the brand and image of territories, their impact on socio-economic development, strategies and tools for the development of marketing of a specific territory, global and local aspects. This article focuses on territorial marketing as objects of marketing attention and approach, as this issue is the least explored and extremely relevant. Territorial marketing plays an important role in the development of countries and their regions. The use of a marketing approach will help preserve the value of territories, attract investor attention, develop tourism and business, and also enhance the prestige of living and working. In turn, successful promotion of the territory requires a thorough understanding of the interests of various categories of consumers, as well as studying their roles and decision-making mechanisms. To achieve this, it is necessary to develop effective marketing strategies aimed at attracting and retaining consumer attention, as well as cooperating with various subjects of territorial marketing.

РИСК В ЗАДАЧАХ ОЦЕНКИ НАДЕЖНОСТИ СИСТЕМ ЭЛЕКТРОСНАБЖЕНИЯ

The problem of assessing and accounting for all types of risks is one of the stages of designing and operating modern power supply systems in normal, emergency and post-emergency modes. The presence of uncertainty due to the heterogeneous emergency situations and their consequences, the vagueness and incompleteness of the initial data, the indistinguishability of the risk of small probabilities significantly complicates the task. (Research Purpose) The research purpose is assessing and accounting for the main types of risks of modern power supply for various categories of consumers. (Materials and methods) Theoretically, the risk C=C(s,y) of the action of the elements of the power supply system is a function of the state of the medium s (m-dimensional random variable s≡(s1,s2, …,sm) and the solution y (r-dimensional random variable y≡(y1,y2, …,yr). The quantitative risk criterion is determined by a collective expert assessment of its average value and the mean square deviation, the acceptability of which is assessed by the variation coefficient γ. It was found that at γ ≤ 0.1 the fluctuation of the results is weak, at 0.1 ≤ γ ≤ 0.25 it is moderate, and if γ ≥ 0.25 it is high. Then it is necessary to clarify the information. (Results and discussion) When performing the study, it was found that with the exponential law of time distribution before the transition of the power supply system consisting of m elements to an unfavorable E-state, the risk is determined by the frequency ωc of such a transition. An approach based on the principles of the theory of potential efficiency and the concept of an extremely possible event, the probability of which cannot be neglected, is proposed. In accordance with operating practice, the interval 10-5...10-8 is reasonable for annual individual risk. (Conclusions) The improved methodology for assessing risk situations affecting the functioning of the consumer and its power supply system allows us to calculate and take measures in the management and operating modes of the enterprise. The examples show the possibilities: 1) assessment of the probabilities of a fine for exceeding the contractual values of the maximum possible load, which constitutes the consumer’s risk; 2) selection of the load to be switched off when there is a power shortage in the power system; 3) assessment of the required level of consumer reliability, taking into account the risk of obtaining the calculated consequences of sudden power supply disruptions.

Implementation of ideas of humanism in alternative education: foreign experience

In modern conditions, the trend of increasing demands on the education system regarding its compliance with the needs of society as a whole and the needs and requests of various categories of consumers of educational services is clearly observed. International practice has recognized that one of the ways to modernize the traditional education system is the introduction of alternative education. Therefore, in today's conditions, in many countries of the world, alternative education is not only formed and incorporated into the general education system; it acts as a significant factor in improving the traditional education system and its compliance with standards and requests of various categories of consumers of educational services. The modern realities of Ukraine, caused by Russia's full-scale war against our country, which caused large internal displacement of Ukrainian citizens, the departure of millions of them outside the country, a significant number of wounded and mentally traumatized, for whom the problem of choosing appropriate forms of education, development, life and of professional self-determination and self-realization, the necessity and expediency of modernizing the existing education system are put on the agenda with particular urgency. Authors analyzed the content of scientific definitions of alternative pedagogy, alternative education, forms of alternative education; the potential possibilities of alternative education are revealed; the leading strategies underlying the activity of foreign alternative educational institutions (bricolage, visualization, plurality of intelligence and transdisciplinarity) are characterized. The peculiarities of the functioning of individual alternative education institutions are revealed, which deserve special attention regarding the introduction of conceptual ideas of their functioning in the educational space of Ukraine with the aim of humanizing the education system in Ukraine and creating favorable conditions for the development, life and professional self-determination and self-realization of all members of society, especially children and youth.

Development of Recommendations for the Creation of Liquefied Natural Gas Infrastructure

Statement of the problem. As a rule, when choosing a method of transporting natural gas to various ca-tegories of consumers, several options are considered depending on the mutual distance between the source and the consumer — the construction of a gas pipeline or the creation of an infrastructure for li-quefied gases. The competitiveness of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in comparison with natural gas is proposed to be determined within the framework of model gas supply schemes for different ranges of alternative energy supply systems. Results. The results of the calculation according to the developed algorithm based on the Clark-Wright method allow us to conclude on the least expensive layout option for automotive cryogenic tanks and cryogenic storage facilities for consumers, determine the number of working hours per month for truck tanks, and also determine the optimal number of cryogenic tanks to deliver the required volume LNG and the number of cryogenic storage tanks at consumers. Conclusions. The proposed economic and mathematical model can be used to substantiate the competitiveness of the use of natural and liquefied natural gases to meet the various needs of consumers. The proposed mathematical calculation model makes it possible to identify the efficiency of each of the energy carriers, as well as to identify the main criteria for choosing the most efficient energy carrier for specific conditions of use.

Digital Banking Transformation Through Cooperation with Fintech Startups in Ukraine

The purpose of the article/hypothesis: Is to identify the peculiarities of Fintech startups activities, to track trends and perspectives of interaction between classic banks and Fintech companies, as well as to research the activities of neobanks and formulate proposals for improving the Fintech ecosystem in Ukraine with the aim of providing quality digital financial services to various categories of consumers.
 Methodology: Methods of statistical analysis, analogy, synthesis and theoretical generalization were used when researching the materials of specialized analytical agencies, official websites of foreign and domestic banks, state financial strategies and scientific literature.
 Results of the research: The active growth of a number of Fintech startups in the world and in Ukraine forms a positive dynamic of the digital transformation of the banking sector. The cooperation between banks and Fintechs allows the use new innovative products in banking, such as artificial intelligence, robo-consultation, blockchain, cryptocurrencies, the Internet of Things, virtual and augmented reality. For the further digital transformation of banking in Ukraine the financial market participants must implement international open banking standards and tools for remote identification and verification of clients, actively introduce artificial intelligence and machine learning tools into finance, and develop a Fintech ecosystem.

Customer Experience Management as a Priority Area of Trade Enterprises’ Activity

Currently, customer experience management is re cognized as a strategic direction of logistics management of enterprises in the field of wholesale and retail trade. Therefore, the purpose of this article is a theoretical generalization of existing approaches to determining the essence and content of the concept of “customer experience management” of trade enterprises, taking into account the specifics of their functioning. The article theoretically summarizes and systematizes conceptual approaches to defining the essence of the concepts “customer experience” and “customer experience management”. The author’s approach to the interpretation of these terms is provided. The concept of “customer experience” is proposed to be considered as the experience of forming an effective system of partnership relations between a trading company and various categories of consumers as a result of increasing the level of trust, loyalty, service and quality of logistics service. Customer experience management is understood as a continuous integrated process, which is carried out through the implementation of commercial, marketing and logistics management functions of trading enterprises using modern methods, digital technologies and information systems. A statistical analysis of the main indicators of the development of economic entities in the sphere of wholesale and retail trade of Ukraine in the pre-war period was performed. A structural and logical diagram of the process of strategic management of the client experience of a trade enterprise has been built. It has been established that the following can be attributed to the modern trends in the transformation of the customer experience management system as an important component of the logistics management of trade enterprises: personalization of products and communication using information technologies; adaptive approach to interaction with consumers; building a business strategy for brands, advertising and marketing strategies using digital tools; application of a complex approach to the management of commercial activities; creation of a fundamentally new marketing structure (emergence of specialists in consumer preferences and data processing); acquiring skills in collecting large databases and using them; ensuring multichannel marketing communications; introduction of chatbots as one of the effective ways to provide instant customer support; development of business models for the organization of electronic retail trade.

ГАСТРОТУРИЗМ – АКТУАЛЬНИЙ НАПРЯМ РОЗВИТКУ СФЕРИ ТУРИЗМУ

In the conditions of transformation of global economic relations, international trade in services offers research and implementation of tourist services to meet the demand of various categories of consumers. Gastronomic tourism is one of the options for recreation in modern conditions. A feature of gastronomic tourism in Ukraine, as well as in the countries of cross-border cooperation, are authentic natural food products, which are the basis for creating unique local dishes and drinks. The article analyzes the mechanisms of the functioning of gastrotourism as an important element of the development of tourism at the current stage, researches the foreign and domestic experience of culinary tourism, types of gastronomic tours, as well as GIS technologies that provide an opportunity to effectively search for interesting gastronomic locations in a certain territory. The "Strategy for the development of tourism until 2030" and the creation of the Vinnytsia industry association of hospitality "Bread Salt" were considered, the Gastromap – a new tourist map of Vinnytsia, as well as architectural monuments, interesting attractions and museums, and the "Cherry menu" in food establishments of the city of Vinnytsia were analyzed. The strategy of tourism development in the Vinnytsia region was studied, and a project model of relations in the tourism and recreation cluster "Vinnytsia" was proposed. The article analyzes the real state of activity of restaurant enterprises during the large-scale in Ukraine. The directions of activity of this business segment were considered. Therefore, given the current situation the restaurant business should improve, modernize and, first of all, pay attention to solving safety issues both for staff and for consumers. The creation of a number of tourist and excursion routes will allow to harmoniously combine attractive conditions of rest and travel to fully satisfy the needs of the most demanding tourists. Vinnytsia has all the prerequisites for the intensive development of domestic and foreign tourism, namely: features of the geographical location and relief.

How different advertising appeals (green vs. non-green) impact consumers' willingness to pay a premium for green agricultural products.

Green food has exceptional impacts in addressing food safety and environmental challenges. However, consumers' perception of green food is not substantial, which results in a decline in consumption intention. Since advertising appeals can play a bridging role in resolving information asymmetry. This study is based on self-construal theory, chooses green agricultural products images and text as experimental stimuli, and analyzes the interaction and influence mechanism between advertising appeals and consumers' willingness to pay a premium for green agricultural products through three sets of experimental studies. The findings demonstrate that self-construal and green agricultural product advertising appeals interact to influence consumers' willingness to pay a premium for green agricultural products. Green perceived value is more strongly influenced by matching dependent self-construal and green advertising appeals than non-green advertising appeals. Green perceived value plays a full mediating role in this interactive effect. Green agricultural products companies should adopt different advertising strategies according to the various categories of consumers to enhance consumers' green perceived value and increase the willingness to pay a premium.

Organized retailing& Consumer Buying Behavior: A Changed Scenario

The growth of organized retailing has witnessed a paradigm shift in the consumer buying behavior. With the boom in the retail sector, there is a change in the pattern of shopping. Firms are becoming more customer conscious and are gradually moving towards sustainable Marketing. Shoppers are enjoying doing shopping like never before. With increased disposable income and brand infusion, the shoppers are buying more and the shopping behavior has seen a great change. This manuscript attempts to provide insight on the effects of various factors on the changed consumer buying behavior and has also categorized the shoppers based on their lifestyle distinctiveness. Our meta-analysis suggests that there are various categories of consumers as Location conscious, Discount seekers, Price conscious, Mall freekers and Brand conscious consumers. Their shopping pattern differs on the basis of the category in which they lie. This research deploys factor analysis to identify the structure of a set of variables apart from providing a process of data reduction. The primary data constituted of 135 responses through structured undisguised questionnaires. The survey questionnaire constituted of 25 items to capture the psychographic behavior of buyers and thereafter to categorize them based on their perceptions. This research aims to identify the perceptions of buyers with respect to their purchase activities. These variables are thereafter categorized into 5 main factors using Factor Analysis on SPSS. Keywords: Organized retailing, Buying Behavior, Customer, Lifestyle

CONSUMER CREDIT GRIEVANCE AND REDRESS MECHANISMS: THE MALAYSIA PERSPECTIVE

This study examines the redress mechanisms accessible to aggrieved consumers dealing with various consumer credit providers in Malaysia. The existing legal and institutional framework characterised by the piecemeal approach has led different groups of consumers to varying levels of access, which can be superior or inferior to one another. The study employs a doctrinal legal research methodology in analysing the two alternative dispute resolution bodies, namely, the Ombudsman for Financial Services, and the Tribunal for Consumer Claims. Primary sources of law, namely, the Consumer Protection Act 1999, the Financial Services Act 2013, the Financial Services (Financial Ombudsman Scheme) Regulation 2014, the Hire-Purchase Act 1967, the Moneylenders Act 1951, and the Pawnbrokers Act 1972, are meticulously analysed along with secondary sources of law that principally comprise journal articles. The study reveals disparities in terms of access to cheap and simple redress mechanisms by various categories of consumers who are aggrieved by the actions of credit providers. The position of bank consumers and those entering into credit sale is accounted for, as there are particular ADR bodies established under relevant legislations to hear their respective disputes. On the contrary, the position of those who wish to lodge claims against moneylenders, pawnbrokers or credit companies offering hire-purchase is problematic. Several recommendations are proposed to resolve this opacity inter alia by referring to the approach adopted by South Africa. This study is significant in ensuring fair access to inexpensive and hassle-free dispute resolutions for all financial consumers, irrespective of the nature of their consumer credit transactions.

The debt crisis on Ukraine’s natural gas market and ways to solve it

The article considers the main reasons that have led to the debt crisis in the natural gas market of Ukraine due to the accumulation of debt from gas supply and gas distribution companies. The purpose of the study is to identify the main prerequisites for the formation of debt in different segments du-ring the reform of the natural gas market through partial implementation of the requirements of European energy legislation. Having chosen the European vector of development Ukraine is interested in meeting the requirements of European policy within the framework of its international obligations and aspirations for European integration. This necessitates adaptation of the national institutional environment to the basic requirements of the Second and Third energy packages. According to the existing international obligations, the national natural gas market is undergoing significant changes towards liberalization and development of competitive environment. However, in the segment of retail market and supply of natural gas to household consumers for a long time the necessary changes in the institutional environment did not occur or temporary decisions were made, which did not contribute to solving the sector’s crisis, but only froze the existing model of relationships between various market participants. Reluctance to implement unpopular solutions in the supply of natural gas to household consumers and attempts to shift the increase in the cost of gas supply tariffs for the needs of the household consumers to other categories of consumers led to a constant redistribution of monopolistic influence and accumulation of significant debt between market participants. The article analyzes the causes of debt between various participants in the retail segment of the natural gas market, which makes it possible to identify the main factors of such debt. These factors include: the lack of a sufficient level of transparency in the tariff for natural gas supply and transportation services; the absence of a 100% accounting for various categories of consumers, which makes it necessary to establish consumption standards, which later become the object of significant abuse; the existing model of public service obligations, which, given the significant redistribution of natural gas, results in significant market distortions; and the imperfect approach to calculating the costs of gas distribution companies in terms of temperature coefficients in the tariff, provided that gas metering exists not in energy units, but in cubic meters. Based on the results obtained in the article, the author sets forwards various recommendations for the implementation of measures, whose main content is to eliminate the institutional prerequisites that lead to the risks of market failures, which may cause debt.

Боргова криза на ринку природного газу України та шляхи її вирішення

The article considers the main reasons that have led to the debt crisis in the natural gas market of Ukraine due to the accumulation of debt from gas supply and gas distribution companies. The purpose of the study is to identify the main prerequisites for the formation of debt in different segments during the reform of the natural gas market through partial implementation of the requirements of European energy legislation. Having chosen the European vector of development Ukraine is interested in meeting the requirements of European policy within the framework of its international obligations and aspirations for European integration. This necessitates adaptation of the national institutional environment to the basic requirements of the Second and Third energy packages. According to the existing international obligations, the national natural gas market is undergoing significant changes towards liberalization and development of competitive environment. However, in the segment of retail market and supply of natural gas to household consumers for a long time the necessary changes in the institutional environment did not occur or temporary decisions were made, which did not contribute to solving the sector’s crisis, but only froze the existing model of relationships between various market participants. Reluctance to implement unpopular solutions in the supply of natural gas to household consumers and attempts to shift the increase in the cost of gas supply tariffs for the needs of the household consumers to other categories of consumers led to a constant redistribution of monopolistic influence and accumulation of significant debt between market participants. The article analyzes the causes of debt between various participants in the retail segment of the natural gas market, which makes it possible to identify the main factors of such debt. These factors include: the lack of a sufficient level of transparency in the tariff for natural gas supply and transportation services; the absence of a 100% accounting for various categories of consumers, which makes it necessary to establish consumption standards, which later become the object of significant abuse; the existing model of public service obligations, which, given the significant redistribution of natural gas, results in significant market distortions; and the imperfect approach to calculating the costs of gas distribution companies in terms of temperature coefficients in the tariff, provided that gas metering exists not in energy units, but in cubic meters. Based on the results obtained in the article, the author sets forwards various recommendations for the implementation of measures, whose main content is to eliminate the institutional prerequisites that lead to the risks of market failures, which may cause debt.

Research of quality indicators of confectionery paste with sunflower flour

Confectionery products are in constant steady demand among various categories of consumers. This group of foodstuffs has a low nutritional and high energy value, contains a large amount of fats and carbohydrates with an insignificant content of essential micronutrients. In this regard, research on the modernization of recipes and technologies for confectionery products enriched with essential nutrients, especially with the use of secondary products of food processing, remains relevant. The aim of the research was to study quality indicators of sunflower flour and confectionery paste produced from it. Material and methods. The main objects of the study were flour obtained from sunflower oil cake after extracting oil by cold pressing, and confectionery paste based on it. Measurement of mass fractions of moisture, sugar, fat, protein and fiber, determination of amino acid composition and viscosity, organoleptic and safety indicators (the content of toxic elements, mycotoxins and pesticides, sanitary and microbiological indicators) have been carried out. A study of the viscosity of the confectionery paste and rheological parameters have been performed. The shelf life of the finished product was determined using the "accelerated aging" technique, which was confirmed by test data under standard conditions. Results. The study of the chemical composition of sunflower flour showed that the content of protein fluctuate from 39.0 to 45.0%, fiber - from 10.0 to 15.0%, fat - from 7.0 to 12.0%, mass the proportion of moisture wa from 2.0 to 6.0%. The total content of essential amino acids in sunflower flour (6.64 g/100 g) was 16% of the total protein content. Based on the analysis of variance, mathematical models were obtained that described the dependences of the acid and peroxide values of sunflower flour on the processing temperature and the duration of its exposure; it was found that the optimal conditions for heat treatment of flour were the processing temperature - 60 °C, the exposure time - 30 min. The optimal dosage of prescription components has been established based on the organoleptic and rheological characteristics of the confectionery paste. A commodity assessment of the developed confectionery paste was carried out in terms of organoleptic and physic-chemical quality indicators. The studies of safety indicators, including microbiological ones, made it possible to conclude that the paste fully meets the requirements of the Technical Regulations of the Customs Union TR CU 021/2011 "On food safety". To predict the shelf life of the paste in order to save time, the accelerated aging technique at elevated temperature was applied, which includes an analysis of the quality of the sample using the Van't Hoff rule and the Arrhenius equation. The study results were extrapolated to normal storage conditions. A study of the storage of confectionery paste under normal conditions at standard temperature regimes confirmed the results obtained using the accelerated aging technique. Studies of the chemical composition and nutritional value of the developed confectionery paste showed that it contained fats, proteins, which are a source of essential amino acids, and mineral substances. The shelf life of confectionery paste with sunflower flour at a temperature of 20±3 °C and a relative humidity of no more than 75% for no more than 10 months has been established. Conclusion. The complex research carried out has demonstrated that the use of sunflower flour in the production of confectionery paste makes it possible to obtain a product with high consumer characteristics and increased nutritional value.

METHODOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO THE TRAINING OF FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN THE HOTEL AND RESTAURANT BUSINESS IN A HIGH SCHOOL

The issue of training of specialists in the hospitality industry is one of the most relevant in the theory and methodology of professional education. This is primarily due to the prospects of the development of the hotel and restaurant industry – an important sector of the domestic economy and due to the need for highly qualified management staff. This determines the definition of theoretical and methodological foundations of the process of training of professionals in the hospitality industry, in particular, a number of methodological approaches that ensure its effectiveness. The purpose of the article is to specify the methodological approaches to the professional training of future specialists in the sphere of hospitality. Research methods used: analysis and synthesis of psychological and pedagogical literature, as well as educational programs – were used to clarify the features of professional training of hospitality specialists; generalization – to formulate author's conclusions. Professional training of future specialists in the hospitality industry is considered as a process of professional development of graduates capable of designing and implementing their own professional career, who have the necessary professional and personal qualities. Among them: an understanding of the subject area as well as the features of the placement and the use of recreational resources in the regions of the world, the ability to assess the development potential of the hospitality industry, taking into account the needs of various categories of consumers and types of tourism, the ability to analyze trends and prospects for the development of national and global service sector markets, to establish relationships between development the hospitality industry and socio-economic processes in the country, to highlight risk factors, the ability to use modern managerial, organizational and economic mechanisms to increase the competitiveness of national means of accommodation and restaurant business establishments. It is established that the methodological principles of professional training of future specialists in the sphere of hospitality in the context of the modern educational paradigm is the synthesis of competency,­ system, cultural, integrative, personal and practice-oriented approaches. These approaches make it possible to carry out professional training of specialists in a holistic manner through the formation of not only professionally significant knowledge, skills and abilities, but also the improvement of important personal qualities, on the formation of which the productivity and the final result of their professional development as future specialists in the hospitality industry depend.

Gendered Marketing of Food Supplements in Lifestyle Magazines in Greece

Background:Marketing of food supplements in Greece in print media has not been examined and this study is the first attempt to provide a comparative statistical analysis.Methods:Lifestyle magazines that were distributed all over Greece and aimed at women and men were collected in the years 2014 and 2016. Five criteria with their subcriteria were developed and were related to the branding of the food supplements; their quality characteristics; the information given about health concerns; photographs of people who promoted food supplements and to claims of their suitability.Results:It seems that in terms of product branding, women’s magazines were more likely to be targeted. Some quality characteristics such as information about the ingredients of food supplements or information about banned substances were more likely to be seen in women’s magazines in 2016. In 2014 and 2016, not all advertisements provided information about health concerns and among those which informed readers about health concerns, differentiation in target audiences was observed. Photographs that showed people promoting food supplements as well as claims of suitability for various categories of consumers, seem to be gendered in 2014 but this trend was not strong enough in 2016.Conclusion:It can be argued that the marketing of food supplements was aggressive and gendered in 2014 and changed in 2016 with better information on public health but had retained some gendered stereotypes.

Предварительные уроки пандемии COVID-19 для системы социального питания

This article examines the problem of readiness of the infrastructure of the social nutrition industry, primarily in the fields of education and health, and its ability to provide food to various categories of consumers in emergency situations, using the example of restrictive measures introduced in the Russian Federation in 2020 due to the COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic. The article analyzes the experience of building an industrial system of social nutrition in the USSR, on the basis of which it is concluded that in Soviet times the social nutrition system was designed as an additional circuit of safe nutrition. The author suggests an approach to modernize the corresponding infrastructure by developing full-fledged food processing plants, distribution centers with their own logistics system and connections with regional agricultural producers. To create such a system, the author justifies the need to change the culture of applying Russian legislation on the contract system in order to increase the priority of quality criteria over cost criteria, and to increase the terms of contracts to attract private business investment to the industry.

Удосконалення організаційно-економічного механізму управління логістичною діяльністю підприємства

Purpose. The purpose of the article was to substantiate theoretically and develop scientific-and-methodological provisions for improving the organizational-and-economic mechanism of managing the logistic activity of enterprises. Methodology / approach. The methods of analysis and synthesis, classifications, generalization, structural-logical are used in the article. Results. The article analyzed and summarized the scientific views on the definition of the concepts of «mechanism», «mechanism of management», «organizational mechanism», «economic mechanism» and «organizational-and-economic mechanism». It was proved that for effective logistic activity management of enterprise it was necessary to apply management methods (organizational, economic, and social-psychological) and to introduce information systems, digital technologies and logistic concepts. It should be noted that the formation of organizational-and-economic mechanism of logistic activity management of enterprise should be based on qualitatively new principles of functioning: applying a systematic approach to the organization of logistics activities in a single complex, the essence of which was the implementation of a set of interconnected, consistent processes and logistics services; implementation of the whole list of functions of managing a complex of sequentially implemented the process of logistic activities; differentiation of consumers of products into large-, medium- and small-wholesale, based on the volume of their annual demand; partnership relationship of the participants in the sales networks should occur on a voluntary basis of interaction, synergy as a result of integration of efforts, goals and resources of partners, on the basis of distribution of powers, responsibilities and risks of logistic activity; organization of logistic activities should be carried out with the help of modern information-communication and digital technologies with using software, automated management systems, logistic concepts, economic-mathematical methods. Originality / scientific novelty. The author’s wording of the term «organizational-and-economic mechanism of management logistics activity of enterprise» was proposed as a set of principles, tools, functions, methods and meant to be reducing the level of costs for the organization the process of logistic activities and various logistics services (transport, warehouse, marketing, etc.). The components of the organizational and economic mechanism included resources; influence factors; goals, principles, functions, methods, control levers; instruments; information technology; performance criteria. To improve the organizational and economic mechanism of management logistic activity of the enterprise, it was advisable to develop and implement a set of measures for: managing relationships with suppliers based on the implementation of the SRM information system; transformations of the customer relationship management system; the introduction and development of digital logistics as a tool for traffic management; sales management through the use of a network approach and the intensification of the development of digital marketing and e-commerce as effective tools for promoting products on the market; risk management of logistics activities using an integrated approach. Practical value / implications. Implementation of the proposed set of measures will contribute to saving costs for the organization of logistics activities as a result of: reducing costs for logistics, storage, transportation and marketing activities on the basis of increasing the level of coordination of actions between participants in distribution networks; reduction of time for customer service; improving the quality of logistics services and the level of service for various categories of consumers.

New Insights into Chemical and Mineral Composition of Donkey Milk throughout Nine Months of Lactation.

Simple SummaryDonkey milk, because of its nutritional quality, is a more interesting product for the human diet. Moreover, due to its similarity to human milk, it is an optimal substitute for breast milk for babies. The aim of this study is to provide new insights on donkey milk production, which characterizes gross and mineral composition of Ragusano donkey breed milk. Compared to cow milk, donkey milk is characterized by a lower content of dry matter, high lactose amount, low protein, and a very low-fat content. In addition, the casein content is lower than cow’s milk. The most abundant macro element was K, followed by Ca, Na, and P. Most of the constituents are diminishing their content during lactation. In conclusion, the Ragusano breed showed a good aptitude for milk production. The composition of the milk confirmed its nutritional quality. Moreover, this research can have important positive impacts. The Ragusano breed has a long lactation and a high level of production that can ensure good income for farmers. Moreover, given its nutritional values, a larger consumption of donkey milk would be desirable and could promote the breeding of the donkey, which is an endangered species all over the world, as a profitable alternative for farmers.Donkey milk is increasingly being proposed as a natural alternative milk for various categories of consumers, especially infants and the elderly population. However, its potential production, gross, and mineral composition have not been deeply investigated yet. Sixty-two individual milk samples were collected monthly from nine Ragusano donkeys reared in a specialized dairy farm. Milk yield as well as chemical and mineral composition, including macro and micro elements, were investigated over an entire lactation, from the second to the ninth month of milking. Milk yield averaged 1.64 kg/day, which highlights good aptitude of the Ragusano breed for the production of milk. Gross composition was characterized by low content of dry matter (8.19%), a high amount of lactose (6.07%), low protein (1.34%), and very low-fat content (0.16%). Whey proteins represented 58% of the total protein, and proteose-peptones accounted for 0.35 ± 0.07 g per 100 g. Total ash content was 0.36 g per 100 g and represented 4.40% of the dry matter. The most abundant element was K, which was followed by Ca, Na, and P. As expected, the micro elements Fe, Zn, and Cu were found in low amounts or in traces. Dry matter, fat, whey proteins. The total ash, Ca, P, Mg, and mineral ratios were significantly affected by the lactation stage.