Various Activities Of Daily Life Research Articles

GASTROPOD COMMUNITY STRUCTURE IN THE INTERTIDAL ZONE OF PASUMPAHAN ISLAND, PADANG CITY, WEST SUMATRA PROVINCE

Pasumpahan Island is one of the islands located in West Sumatra Province which has various activities of daily life, especially in the intertidal zone; it is suspected that it can interfere with the existence of aquatic organisms one of which is gastropods. Studying the structure of gastropod communities in the intertidal zone is an interesting natural laboratory to study. This research was conducted from December 2021 to January 2022 on Pasumpahan Island Padang City West Sumatra Province. The purpose of this study was to determine the structure of the gastropod community which includes species, abundance, diversity, uniformity, dominance, and distribution pattern of gastropods. As supporting data in this study, several environmental parameters were also measured which included water quality, sediment type, and sediment organic matter content. The research method used is a survey method, where sampling using the quadrat transect method is carried out at 3 stations. Based on the results of the study found 13 species of gastropods. The most common species found at all stations was Pythia scarabaeus, where the gastropod abundance values obtained between stations ranged from 2,78 to 5,00 ind/m2. The value of the species diversity index ranged from 1,50 to 2,02, which was moderate, the uniformity index value ranged from 0,77 to 0,88, which was high uniformity, and the dominance index value ranged from 0,16 to 0,29, meaning that there were no species found dominates and the value of the distribution pattern ranges from 1,31 to 2,47 with a clustered distribution pattern

Correction of ulnar claw hand – A comparative study of extensor carpi radialis longus (ECRL) and flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS) as the motor unit of choice

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by M. leprae, with peripheral neuropathy as its most common manifestation. Deformity of the hand is particularly debilitating and the ulnar claw hand is the most common presentation. There are various surgical options available for correcting clawing in Hansen’s disease. In the present study we have tried to identify patient-related factors favouring either Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus (ECRL) or Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS) as the motor unit of choice. Method A comparative study of ECRL (Brand Procedure) and FDS (Stiles–Bunnel) motor tendon transfer in the ulnar claw of hand was carried out. Correction of clawing of fingers was done in 60 ulnar claw hands using transfer of motor units ECRL and FDS. The Z deformity was corrected by 1∕2 FPL to EPL transfer. 12 cases were lost to follow up over the course of 5 years, so 48 cases were followed for up to 2 years, for various activities of daily life and routine work. Conclusion Both the transfers gave equivalent results. No morbid deformity was seen in ECRL transfer except the scar on the donor thigh. FDS transfer is the best reconstructive tendon transfer procedure for correction of ulnar claw hand in manual labourers. For white-collar workers, ECRL transfer should be the choice.

Does the educational level of women influence hand grip and pinch strength in carpal tunnel syndrome?

BackgroundGrip and pinch strength are relevant functional variables for various activities of daily life and are related to the quality of life of patients with carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). ObjectiveThe main aim was to analyze the relationship between grip and pinch strength and the educational level in women with CTS. Study designCross-sectional study. MethodsThirty-one female patients with CTS awaiting surgery were assigned to the low education group if they only had primary education level (completed or not) and the high education group for those having higher education level. The assessments included: grip strength, pinch strength, Visual Analogue Scale, Quick DASH Questionnaire, Pain Catastrophizing Scale and the Tampa scale of kinesiophobia. ResultsA statistically significant difference was obtained for grip strength (p = 0.027), pinch strength (p = 0.002) and catastrophizing (p = 0.038) between the two groups. No significant differences were observed for the other variables studied (p < 0.05). Grip strength was not related to individual factors: type of work, age, body mass index. ConclusionCTS patients with a low educational level exhibited reduced grip and pinch strength and more catastrophic thinking. Future studies should investigate the mechanisms involved in the loss of strength in patients with lower educational levels.

Estimation of continuous and constraint-free 3 DoF wrist movements from surface electromyogram signal using kernel recursive least square tracker

Abstract We have employed Kernel Least Square Tracker (KRLS-T), a nonlinear kernel based recursive algorithm, to estimate 3 dimensional wrist kinematics from sEMG signals of forearm muscle groups. KRLS-T combines the advantage of kernel techniques and adaptive estimation and hence has been considered for predicting 3 dimensional wrist angles from nonlinear and non-stationary sEMG. We have been able to successfully predict 6 basic and 2 dynamic, continuous and constraint-free wrist motions for 10 normal subjects in an offline mode with more than 90% accuracy. The continuous wrist motion profiles, considered here, resemble the complex and dexterous wrist motions involved in various activities of daily life. Statistical significance analysis shows that KRLS-T performs better than Kernel Ridge Regression (KRR) and a feed-forward back propagation neural network during a 10-fold cross validation stage. Subsequently, a real-life scenario has been emulated for the KRLS-T based motion predictor where 2 different trials’ data are combined and given sequentially as input to the estimator. Its fast adaptation capability to the nonstationary sEMG-wrist angle relationship, as reported here, makes it a promising option for implementing intuitive prosthesis control.

A Framework for Physiological Response Prediction with Joint Activity State optimization.

Physiological responses are essential for health monitoring. However, modeling the complex interactions be- tween them across activity and environmental factors can be challenging. In this paper, we introduce a framework that identifies the state of an individual based on their activity, trains predictive models for their physiological response within these states, and jointly optimizes for the states and the models. We apply this framework to respiratory rate prediction based on heart rate and physical activity, and test it on a dataset of 9 individuals performing various activities of daily life.

Functional and socio-professional outcome of lower limb amputees: About 101 cases

The objective of this study was to assess the functional and socio-professional future of lower limb-amputated patients. This is a 3-year-prospective study of lower limb-amputated patients, followed at the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation department of the University Hospital of Monastir. The data analyzed were epidemiological, clinical, functional [the index of locomotion (ICL), the score “Special interest group of the amputee physician” (SIGAM)] and socio-professionals. We collected 101 patients with a mean age of 61.3 years with a male predominance (75.2%). Sixteen patients (15.8%) were initially braced and 58 (57.4%) had their device during the study period with an average delay of 10.08 months compared to surgery. Seventy-two patients had a job and only 8 amputees initially had a driving license. Forty-nine patients (48.5%) were initially able to do their own toilet against by 52 (51.5%) needing a third person to help them. After fitting, the rates have improved from 74.13% to 82.75 as well as the walking ability. For the device-fitted patients, ICL averaged 28.09. The average value of the non-ICL fitted patients initially increased from 25.89 to 31.25 (at least 6 months after being fitted). The SIGAM score assessment for all fitted patients showed that the most represented clinical grade was grade B for 20 patients (27.02%), followed by the degree F for 18 patients (24.32%). Forty-five patients (44.5%) had a professional outplacement and one remained able to drive after fitting. The device acquisition is a significant change for patients on the functional and professional levels. It allows a significant improvement in various activities of daily life with greater autonomy.

Regularity effect in prospective memory during aging.

BackgroundRegularity effect can affect performance in prospective memory (PM), but little is known on the cognitive processes linked to this effect. Moreover, its impacts with regard to aging remain unknown. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine regularity effect in PM in a lifespan perspective, with a sample of young, intermediate, and older adults.Objective and designOur study examined the regularity effect in PM in three groups of participants: 28 young adults (18–30), 16 intermediate adults (40–55), and 25 older adults (65–80). The task, adapted from the Virtual Week, was designed to manipulate the regularity of the various activities of daily life that were to be recalled (regular repeated activities vs. irregular non-repeated activities). We examine the role of several cognitive functions including certain dimensions of executive functions (planning, inhibition, shifting, and binding), short-term memory, and retrospective episodic memory to identify those involved in PM, according to regularity and age.ResultsA mixed-design ANOVA showed a main effect of task regularity and an interaction between age and regularity: an age-related difference in PM performances was found for irregular activities (older < young), but not for regular activities. All participants recalled more regular activities than irregular ones with no age effect. It appeared that recalling of regular activities only involved planning for both intermediate and older adults, while recalling of irregular ones were linked to planning, inhibition, short-term memory, binding, and retrospective episodic memory.ConclusionTaken together, our data suggest that planning capacities seem to play a major role in remembering to perform intended actions with advancing age. Furthermore, the age-PM-paradox may be attenuated when the experimental design is adapted by implementing a familiar context through the use of activities of daily living. The clinical implications of regularity effect are discussed.

Validity of an inertial measurement unit to assess pelvic orientation angles during gait, sit–stand transfers and step-up transfers: Comparison with an optoelectronic motion capture system*

An inertial measurement unit (IMU) allows kinematic evaluation of human motion with fewer operational constraints than a gold standard optoelectronic motion capture (MOCAP) system. The study's aim was to compare IMU and MOCAP measurements of dynamic pelvic orientation angles during different activities of daily life (ADL): gait, sit-to-stand (STS) transfers and block step-up (BS) transfers. A single IMU was attached onto the lower back in seventeen healthy participants (8F/9 M, age 19–31 years; BMI < 25) and optical skin markers were attached onto anatomical pelvic landmarks for MOCAP measurements. Comparisons between IMU and MOCAP by Bland–Altman plots demonstrated that measurements were between 2SD of the absolute difference and Pearson's correlation coefficients were between 0.85 and 0.94. Frontal plane pelvic angle estimations achieved a RMSE in the range of [2.7°–4.5°] and sagittal plane measurements achieved a RMSE in the range of [2.7°–8.9°] which were both lowest in gait. Waveform peak detection times demonstrated ICCs between 0.96 and 1.00. These results are in accordance to other studies comparing IMU and MOCAP measurements with different applications and suggest that an IMU is a valid tool to measure dynamic pelvic angles during various activities of daily life which could be applied to monitor rehabilitation in a wide variety of musculoskeletal disorders.

Abstract P5-19-19: Impact of adding palbociclib to letrozole on pain severity and pain interference with various activities of daily life in patients with ER+, HER2- metastatic breast cancer as first line treatment

Abstract Background Palbociclib, a selective inhibitor of CDK-4/6, prevents DNA synthesis by blocking cell cycle progression. A randomized Phase 2 study of palbociclib (P) 125 mg QD for 3 weeks followed by 1 week off plus letrozole (L) 2.5 mg QD continuously compared to L alone was conducted. A secondary objective of the study was to assess the impact of adding P in combination with L compared to L alone on pain severity and pain interference with various activities of daily life. Methods This Phase 2 trial was designed to evaluate P+L in front-line ER+/HER2- metastatic breast cancer (MBC) compared to L alone. The primary endpoint was investigator assessed progression-free survival (PFS) defined as time from randomization to objective progression or death. Patient reported outcomes of pain severity (PS) and pain interference (PI) with various activities of daily life were assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) at baseline and day 1 of each cycle thereafter. The PS and PI scores were summarized by cycle using observed values as well as changes from baseline. Results The final analysis of primary endpoint showed a statistically significant improvement in PFS for the P+L arm (20.2 months) vs. L arm (10.2 months) with hazard ratio (HR)=0.488 (95% CI: 0.319, 0.748) and 1-sided p=0.0004. The most common adverse events in the P+L arm were neutropenia, leukopenia, fatigue, and anemia. For the PS scale, patients in the P+L arm showed numerically lower scores and greater reductions from baseline than the L arm, until the later cycles, when the number of patients had decreased to a small number. The difference between treatment arms in the mean change from baseline was statistically significant at some of the earlier cycles (Cycles 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12; p&amp;lt;0.05; no adjustments were made for multiplicity) representing a numerically greater decrease in the pain experienced by patients in the P+L arm compared with the L arm. For the PI score, observed mean scores for both treatment arms appeared to be stable over time until the later cycles, when the number of patients had decreased to a small number. Patients in the P+L treatment arm also generally showed a consistently greater numeric reduction from baseline in pain interference (ie, a decrease in PI on daily activities) until later cycles although without reaching statistical significance at any cycle. Conclusions The addition of palbociclib to letrozole was associated with increased efficacy without negatively impacting pain severity or pain interference on daily activities. Citation Format: Timothy Bell, John Paul Crown, Istvan Lang, Helen Bhattacharyya, Giovanni Zanotti, Sophia Randolph, Sindy Kim, Xin Huang, Cynthia Huang Bartlett, Richard Finn, Dennis Slamon. Impact of adding palbociclib to letrozole on pain severity and pain interference with various activities of daily life in patients with ER+, HER2- metastatic breast cancer as first line treatment [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Seventh Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2014 Dec 9-13; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(9 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-19-19.

생활시간 분석을 통한 고령 농가의 정주활동구조 연구

The time management and allotments for various activities of daily life is much different by age groups. This study analyzes time allotments of different age groups for various activities of daily life to figure out the change of main activity by aging through 2009 time use survey by National Statistical Office. Especially we focus on time allotments of rural elderly population and intangible factors for life quality of people instead of physical and environmental elements. The results show that there is a large gap of time allotments for paid and unpaid working time of rural and urban elderly population. Whereas the time for leisure of elderly women in rural areas is much shorter than that of urban elderly women and rural elderly men spend more time to provide community services and help to other households. However, the percentage leisure time of rural elderly people for passive activities such as TV, radio, magazine etc. is longer than that of urban elderly people. We hope that our analysis data could be used for developing new policies and project to improve the life quality of rural elderly population.

A New Framework for Time-Use Analysis

Do Americans spend more time watching TV and shopping than do Britons? If so, then where does the additional time come from? In this study, we present evidence that aggregate time-use comparisons are potentially misleading, because they ignore differences in sample and population composition that directly affect how people plan their daily lives. These aggregate comparisons are also potentially misleading because they do not take into account the highly censored and sparse nature of time-use data as well as the fact that we all work on the same budget of 1440 minutes each day. For these reasons, we propose a framework for time-use analysis that provides insights into how demography and geography affect the value people assign to time spent on the various activities of daily life, while taking into account the unique features of time-use data. We use this framework to compare how Americans and Britons differ in their time-use, after accounting for other demographic and geographic factors affecting the value of time.

Biomechanical Evaluation of Head Kinematics During Infant Shaking Versus Pediatric Activities of Daily Living.

Abusive shaking of infants has been asserted as a primary cause of subdural bleeding, cerebral edema/brain swelling, and retinal hemorrhages. Manual shaking of biofidelic mannequins, however, has failed to generate the rotational accelerations believed necessary to cause these intracranial symptoms in the human infant. This study examines the apparent contradiction between the accepted model and reported biomechanical results. Researchers collected linear and angular motion data from an infant anthropomorphic test device during shaking and during various activities of daily life, as well as from a 7-monthold boy at play in a commercial jumping toy. Results were compared among the experimental conditions and against accepted injury thresholds. Rotational accelerations during shaking of a biofidelic mannequin were consistent with previous published studies and also statistically indistinguishable from the accelerations endured by a normal 7-month-old boy at play. The rotational accelerations during non-contact shaking appear to be tolerated by normal infants, even when repetitive.

Radiation risks and dirty bombs.

For many, the thought of terrorists detonating a dirty bomb--a radiological dispersal device--is frightening. However, the radiation health risks from such an occurrence are small. For most people directly involved, the exposure would have an estimated lifetime health risk that is comparable to the health risk from smoking five packages of cigarettes or the accident risk from taking a hike. The actual impact of a dirty bomb would be economic and social (NCRP 2001). There would be an economic cost for clean-up as well as a decrease in economic activity in the affected area due to radiation fear. If such a bomb were detonated, those exposed as well as those not exposed would have great concern about potential health effects while seeking medical attention and avoiding the impacted area. This paper discusses the health risks from radiation exposure and compares them to risks from various activities of daily life and to exposure to hazardous chemicals.