Variety Of Social Institutions Research Articles

More than Teacher Bias: A QuantCrit Analysis of Teachers’ Perceptions of Young Black Boys’ Noncognitive Skills

Abstract Studies of racial bias document how racial meanings shape human perceptions and interactions in a variety of social institutions, including education. However, few sociologists connect quantitative evidence of racial bias to sociological theories of racism. Consequently, quantitative analyses of teacher racial bias are frequently decontextualized. This paper uses national data on kindergarteners to examine racial/ethnic disparities in teacher perceptions of boys’ noncognitive skills. We find evidence of teacher racial-gender bias that casts young Black boys as more often exhibiting poorer noncognitive skills as compared to their non-Black peers. Interestingly, we find no difference between teachers’ ratings of Black and non-Black boys’ interpersonal skills. We analyze our findings using sociological theories of racism. By doing so, we provide a Du Boisian framework for interpreting evidence of racial bias in education. We also discuss the implications of our paper for contextualizing racial biases in other social institutions.

ТЕХНОЛОГИИ И ФАКТОРЫ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ЭТНОКУЛЬТУРНОЙ ИДЕНТИЧНОСТИ МОЛОДЁЖИ

Introduction. In the context of the interpenetration of national cultures, the development and unification of mass culture, the issues of preserving the cultural uniqueness of ethnic communities directly depend on their cultural and ethnic identity. In this regard, the paper considers approaches to the concept of identity, highlights ethno-cultural identity, which, in the context of multicultural region, is one of the most significant in the structure of personal identities. Materials and research methods. The methodological basis of the study is a complex of pedagogical, philosophical, and cultural approaches to understanding identity, factors and ways of forming ethno-cultural identity. The empirical basis of the study is the findings of a sociological study conducted by the authors among the Buryat population of the Republic of Buryatia in 2020. The purpose of the study is to determine the factors for the formation of ethno-cultural identity and socio-cultural technologies used in working with the younger generation to facilitate this process. Results. The formation and development of ethno-cultural identity is influenced by a complex set of conditions and factors, as well as a variety of social institutions. The authors pay special attention to a number of indicators of ethno-cultural identity, which are formed as a consequence of traditional and acceptable social experience in the family, which is an integral part of the ethno-culture, which transmits ethnic characteristics gradually, in the course of everyday communication and interaction of the micro community members. On the basis of the author’s sociological research, the work demonstrates manifestations of various factors influencing ethnic identity. Particular attention is paid to technologies implemented in educational, cultural and leisure institutions aimed at maintaining the culture and traditions of the ethnic group, which, in turn, affects the ethno-cultural identity of its members.

Молодая семья как «ускользающий» социальный феномен в современных российских условиях

Introduction. Modern youth is included today in a variety of social institutions, within which their attitudes, identity values are formed. Sociological studies of recent decades clearly show that the family, despite all the variety of formal and substantive changes in modern institutions of family and marriage, occupies a leading place in the scale of value preferences of young Russians, transforming the matrimonial attitudes of young people and providing a complex mechanism of social integration. The multivariance and dynamism of modern family and marriage relations (cohabitation, changes in the age limits of marriage, changes in the limit of the duration of marriage, an increase in the number of remarriages, the absence of children in marriage, etc.) enhances the role and importance of individualized strategies for young people to enter this social institution, providing it has the opposite effect, in terms of further changes and transformations. Such a transformation, according to the authors, is typical for the modern institution of a young family, which, due to a number of interrelated trends, and in particular the trend of “postponed marriage”, may cease to be an actual social phenomenon that allows young people to use some state types of assistance and support provided for families. of this kind. Methods. As part of the work, an analysis of legal documents is carried out: the Federal Law “On Youth Policy in the Russian Federation”, the Federal Target Program «Housing» for 2015-2020, the State Program «Providing affordable and comfortable housing and utilities for citizens of the Russian Federation». The empirical basis of the work is: data from all-Russian studies and the results of the sociological study «Marriage age: preferences of young people in the city of Rostov-on-Don», conducted in 2021 (N=200). Results and its discussion. The legal acts available in the Russian Federation have now begun to fix clearer criteria for the term "young family". The authors of the article believe that changes in normative terminology are associated with a steady trend towards an increase in the average age of both the bride and groom upon marriage, which in turn is due to many factors: the individualization of romantic relationships, increased freedom of choice, the change in public regulators of matrimonial attitudes to economic. Despite an attempt to formulate certain criteria for the term "young family" in the legislative framework of the Russian Federation, the authors note that the transformation of marriage with the tendencies of individualism, delayed marriage, a period of self-realization and delayed, and sometimes completely unrealized reproductive functions of the family, leads to the fact that the phenomenon young family, in the form in which it exists today, in the conditions of Russian society becomes elusive.

Typing of social institutions via encoding method for individual activity as an element of information security

Some problems of information security must to take into account the specific features of perception and infor­mation processing in a variety of social institutions. Such typology of institutions allows making a more complete management of information security. Existing typologies of social institutions are based mainly on the external characteristics to them. The formal and informal institu­tions, development and predatory institutions, social and economic, etc. are described. Such typologies of social institutions are mainly used for problems of economic, political, and social security. Known tools cannot directly to use these typologies to problems of information securi­ty. The typology is developed for coding of individuals for carrying out activities within the framework of a social institution, using the methods of their training in methods and standards of individual and collective activity, as well as infrastructures, which within the social institution re­sponsible for their training. It is shown that there are three types of social institutions for the encoding of the individual in methods of activity: personality-nominal, professional-nominal and universal-conceptual. The de­veloped typology can describe the important information security features of social institutions, such as institutions of corruption, mafia, terrorism, law, higher education, and information characteristics for interaction between social institutions, which are the different types. The developed typology uses only information characteristics, which describe the activities of man, society and the state.

Bodies at Home and at School: Toward a Theory of Embodied Social Class Status

AbstractSociology has long recognized the centrality of the body in the reciprocal construction of individuals and society, and recent research has explored the influence of a variety of social institutions on the body. Significant research has established the influence of social class, child‐rearing practices, and variable language forms in families and children. Less well understood is the influence of children's social class status on their gestures, comportment, and other bodily techniques. In this essay Sue Ellen Henry brings these two areas of study together to explore how working‐class children's bodies are shaped by the child‐rearing practices associated with their social class status, and the potential effects these bodily techniques have on their experience in schools.

Public Health STI/HIV Surveillance: Exploring the Society of Control

While Michel Foucault asserted that the sovereign style of rule had disappeared, instead replaced by a disciplinary society (wherein individuals were trained/domesticated in a variety of social institutions), years later, Gilles Deleuze recounted how this social structure had again changed. Within this new system, which Deleuze labelled the society of control, social networks have become so densely intertwined that it no longer matters whether or not someone is disciplined in accordance with social rules because now they are entrapped within a web that would more often than not ensure that socially appropriate trajectories are maintained. Using Deleuze's framework about the society of control, in this paper, we explore the current public health STI/HIV surveillance system. The outcome of this exploration is the suggestion that the system is, in fact, an example of a densely intertwined (rhizomatic) control society, and that it is maintained through the desires of the people.

How Personal Is the Political? Democratic Revolution and Fertility Decline

Existing theory has identified the capacity of political revolutions to effect change in a variety of social institutions, although relationships between revolution and many institutions remain unexplored. Using historical data from twenty-two European and four diaspora countries, the author examines the temporal relationship between timing of revolution and onset of fertility decline. The author hypothesizes that specific kinds of revolutionary events affect fertility by engendering ideological changes in popular understandings of the individual's relationship to society and ultimately the legitimacy of couples' authority over their reproductive capacities. Results demonstrate that popular democratic revolutions -- but not institutionalized democratic structures -- predict the timing of the onset of fertility decline.

Craft economies in the north American Southwest

Debates concerning sociopolitical organization in the North American Southwest are clarified and confounded by the conclusion that craft specialization was not always a sufficient condition of complexity in the region. Understanding the relationship between varying dimensions of craft specialization (e.g., context, scale, and intensity) and sociopolitical organization in the region requires us to examine a variety of social institutions (e.g., leadership, gender, and ethnicity) that potentially generated differentiated economies. New research on middle-range societies in the North American Southwest and elsewhere in the world should focus on identifying and interpreting the archaeological signatures of specific social institutions and their linkages to craft economies.

Missing pieces: Notes on crime, poverty, and social policy

A long and impressive criminological tradition links crime to what social scientists call ‘persistent poverty’-and, in particular, to the corrosive effects of inadequate labor markets on a variety of social institutions. But few anticrime policies have seriously confronted those conditions, even at the height of the Great Society of the 1960s. With only scattered exceptions, those policies have sought to enhance the individual capacities of children and youth without substantially altering the surrounding economic institutions. An anticrime strategy for the next century that is both more effective and consistent with what we know about the roots of crime must involve measures that more directly address the labor market itself. Among other things, these measures include direct public job creation, systematic efforts to up grade wages, and greater support for labor organization.

Policing Athens: Social Control in the Attic Lawsuits, 420-320 B.C.

From household gossip to public beatings, this social history explores the many channels through which Athenians maintained public order. Virginia Hunter draws mostly on Attic court proceedings, which allowed for a wide range of evidence, including common rumors about a defendant's character and testimony, obtained under torture, of slaves against their masters. She describes Athenian as a form of social control that took place across a range of private and public levels. Not only does policing appear to have been a collective enterprise, but its methods were embedded in a variety of social institutions, resulting in the blurring of the line between state and society. Hunter's inquiry into topics such as household authority, disputes among kin, the presence of slaves in the house, gossip in the home and neighborhood, and forms of public punishment reveals a continuum extending from self-regulation among kin to punitive actions enforced by the state. Recognizing the bias of legal documents toward the wealthy, Hunter concentrates on exposing the voices of the less powerful and less privileged members of society, including women and slaves. In so doing she is among the first to address systematically such important issues as the authority of women, self-help, and corporal punishment.

Aspects of Palestinian life under military occupation

In recent years, scholarship in all fields has shown an increasing sensitivity to language, whether in reading the world as a text, or, conversely, a text as a world. An essentially linguistic approach has been employed to read and deconstruct a variety of social institutions. Words have taken on the force of material reality, while material reality itself is viewed with deep suspicion. Some of you, indeed, may have become weary of signs and signifiers, of new French philosophical currents, and of the post-modern hall of mirrors. But bear with me, for in looking at my subject today, my excursions into language are an attempt to clarify, not to obfuscate. In Middle Eastern studies, the linguistic approach has very usefully focused on examining and deconstructing orientalist conceptions of the region and its people, concepts still unfortunately current coinage in the media: I note, for example, the coverage in the 11 November edition of Newsweek of the speech of the Palestinian delegation to the Madrid conference. Newsweek praised the speech's 'direct English'-but only in contrast to a supposed oriental norm of 'the words of the mosque' and 'rhetoric of the bazaar'. The same article also advised readers on 'the perverse logic of the souk' which guided Middle Eastern negotiations. Needless to say, the tortured phraseology of American politicians-of 'modalities' and 'windows of opportunity' and of all those condemned to exist 'behind the curve of history'-received no scrutiny. Aside from what we can call the anti-orientalist project, I feel that scholars and experts in the Middle East have to date not paid sufficient attention to the definitional world that surrounds the problem we address today: how to describe the life of an occupied people, and how they themselves and their occupier have described it. I would like to begin by simply taking the title of my talk and looking at the following words: 'Palestinian', and 'Palestinian life', 'occupation', 'education' and 'development' as they are defined and used in the Palestinian lexicon, the Israeli lexicon, and the international lexicon. I believe this approach will lead us to a clearer view of what is really happening on the ground: to students at Birzeit University deprived of campuses, libraries and laboratories for almost four years in the name of 'security and public order'; to Palestinian prisoners subject to what the Israeli government's Landau Commission calls 'moderate physical pressure'; to our Palestinian 'homeless', whose family homes are demolished by army order, either as a 'deterrent' in a system which has at its heart collective punishment, or as 'unlicensed' in a system which considers Palestinian development as contrary to its interest; and to our merchants, subject to a form of modern pillage under the rubric of'taxation'.