Variety Of Mental Health Issues Research Articles

‘You Don’t Get Ditched’—Young People’s Mental Health and Youth Work: Challenging Dominant Perspectives

This paper presents the findings of research focused on a youth work project which specializes in working with young people experiencing a variety of mental health issues, in the southwest of England. The qualitative data from the young people, youth workers, and stakeholders demonstrate the significance of a person-centered, asset-based approach to improving young people’s experiences with mental health. It provides a countervailing narrative to the dominant diagnostic and problematized focus of mental health services for young people. The research provides evidence that mental health for young people can be strengthened—even for those experiencing significant problems—through group work activities that develop resilience, confidence, and builds on their inherent strengths. This approach enables young people to develop their own responses to their problems rather than rely on external interventions that are orientated toward treatment. The research suggests that young people’s mental ill health in certain circumstances may well be improved by youth work rather than through a medicalized approach.

Mental health and wellbeing of undergraduate students in engineering: A systematic literature review

AbstractBackgroundThe wellbeing of college students today is at risk because of rising occurrences of mental health issues in higher education. Concurrently, undergraduate students perceive engineering courses and programs to be among the most arduous, and least welcoming and accommodating, in higher education. Although research related to mental health and wellbeing (MHW) in engineering is growing, a systematic review of this research has yet to be conducted.PurposeThis systematic literature review identifies and synthesizes empirical scholarship related to the MHW of undergraduate engineering students.Scope/MethodSpecified search terms and inclusion criteria were used to identify 34 empirical studies related to engineering undergraduates' MHW. Content and qualitative thematic analyses were conducted to characterize and synthesize trends in research quality and outcomes across studies.ResultsUndergraduate engineering students experience a variety of mental health issues that negatively affect their experiences in engineering education. Stress is the most prevalent mental health issue identified; anxiety, depression, and post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are also reported. Heavy academic workloads, sleep issues, and the nature of engineering education culture are identified as impediments to MHW in engineering education.ConclusionsAlthough MHW in engineering is a growing area of research internationally, current MHW research in engineering is nascent and focused on the characterization of student mental health issues. Researchers underutilize qualitative and mixed‐methods approaches, longitudinal and experimental designs, guiding frameworks, and robust sampling techniques. Academic and mindfulness interventions, as well as the use of mental wellness constructs from positive psychology, show promise for supporting MHW in engineering.

Transformer-based language models for mental health issues: A survey

Early identification and prevention of mental health stresses and their outcomes has become of urgent importance worldwide. To this purpose, artificial intelligence provides a body of advanced computational tools that can effectively support decision-making clinical processes by modeling and analyzing the presence of a variety of mental health issues, particularly when these can be detected in text data. In this regard, Transformer-based language models (TLMs) have demonstrated exceptional efficacy in a number of NLP tasks also in the health domain. To the best of our knowledge, the use of TLMs for specifically addressing mental health issues has not been deeply investigated so far. In this paper, we aim to fill this gap in the literature by providing the first survey of methods using TLMs for text-based identification of mental health issues.

Alcohol and mental health: a comprehensive review

The complexities of mental health and alcohol use have long been linked, with both risks and advantages to the individual. An in-depth analysis of the complex connection between alcohol use and mental health is provided in this article, which also provides a fair analysis of this complex problem. Even though moderate alcohol usage has been linked to potential social and psychological advantages, excessive or long-term use can result in a variety of mental health issues. In addition to an increased risk of substance addiction disorders, anxiety, depression, and mood disorders are frequent side effects of heavy drinking. However, there is still much room for discussion and investigation into how to balance potential benefits and risks. In order to enhance overall mental health and give people the ability to make educated decisions about their alcohol usage, it is essential to understand and manage the hazards connected with alcohol.

Young people's mental health in a changing climate

BackgroundThe climate is changing more rapidly than anticipated, making it the greatest existential threat of our time. Evidence suggests that climate change can be a source of poor mental health among young people. A variety of mental health issues, including anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are related to the anticipation and consequences of climate change-related events. Currently, there is a paucity of evidence regarding these effects on young people who are vulnerable to the mental health impacts of climate change. MethodsWe used a quantitative approach to explore the mental health impacts of climate change among young people aged 18–24 years. A secondary analysis of data from an Australian nationwide survey (n=5483) on the mental health impacts of climate change was completed. The survey included demographic questions and measures of the impact of climate change on mental health. Hierarchical regression, ANCOVA, and logistic regression were used to examine the relationship between age and the dependent variables (eco-anxiety, pre-trauma, and PTSD). An ANCOVA was run to identify significant differences in eco-anxiety between those who have and have not had a direct experience of the effects of climate change. FindingsAge was a significant predictor of eco-anxiety, pre-trauma, and PTSD, and young people (aged 18–24 years) reported significantly higher rates of eco-anxiety (odds ratio 8·31, 95% CI 4·83–14·28; p<0·0001), pre-trauma symptoms (10·38, 4·73–22·76; p<0·0001), and PTSD symptoms (2·54, 1·46–4·41; p=0·0010) than other age groups. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the effects of direct experiences of climate change events and eco-anxiety (F=21·12; p<0·0001). InterpretationClimate-related poor mental health is a planetary health issue for young people in Australia. This research provides evidence of a significant link between climate change and young people's mental health. The health sector must re-orient mental health practice to manage the mental health impacts of climate change on young people. FundingInstitute for Health Transformation, Deakin University, Australia.

Mental health needs associated with COVID-19 on the diamond princess cruise ship: A case series recorded by the disaster psychiatric assistance team

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection prevention measures have led to a variety of mental health issues. Although several self-care methods have been recommended for those quarantined, evidence regarding how best to support quarantined people experiencing a mental health crisis is limited.In February 2020, the Diamond Princess cruise ship was quarantined in Yokohama port, Japan following a passenger testing positive for COVID-19. We were sent to address the mental health issues as the Disaster Psychiatric Assistance Team (DPAT). In the present study, we examined the acute mental health needs of the passengers and crew collected by the DPAT using the standard Emergency Medical Team daily reporting system.We assessed 206 cases (99 men and 107 women) with generic health issues and 127 cases (39 men and 88 women) with mental health issues. Mental health issues including disaster stress-related symptoms were as frequent as physical health events associated with COVID-19. The most significant mental health issue was anxiety, as an acute psychological reaction to the quarantine situation. Women and crews most frequently needed mental health support. Mental health improved in most clients after brief counseling. Although several passengers experienced suicidal ideation, there were no cases of actual suicide attempts during the quarantine period.This case has been regarded as a well-known public health event at the beginning of the COVID-19 era. In addition to physical health support, disaster mental health support was essential to save lives. Our findings may facilitate responses to future quarantines, accidents, and mental health crises.

Rate and correlates of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following the Beirut blast and the economic crisis among Lebanese University students: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundPost-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental illness that develops in some people after they have experienced a stunning, scary, or dangerous incident. Due to major disasters like as the Economic Crisis and the Beirut Blast, Lebanese people are struggling with a variety of mental health issues. The study objectives were to find the rate of PTSD and its association with stress, anxiety, depression, financial well-being and coping strategies among university students in Lebanon.MethodsThis is a cross-sectional study, conducted between May and August 2021, which enrolled 419 university students from all districts of Lebanon. The PTSD Checklist-Specific Version (PCL-S) was used to evaluate manifestation of PSTD.ResultsThe results showed that 132 (31.5%), 109 (26.0%) and 169 (40.3%) had PTSD from COVID, Beirut blast and economic crisis respectively. More avoidant coping (Beta = 0.52) and more anxiety (Beta = 0.62) were significantly associated with more PTSD from the Beirut Blast. More avoidant coping (Beta = 0.56), depression (Beta = 0.40) and anxiety (Beta = 0.49) were significantly associated with more PTSD from the economic crisis, whereas more financial wellbeing (Beta = − 0.31) was significantly associated with less PTSD from the economic crisis.ConclusionSignificant rates of PTSD were found in our sample of Lebanese university students, whether from the Beirut blast, or from the current economic crisis. Significant correlations of these PTSD rates were found with factors such as avoidant coping, depression, anxiety and financial wellbeing. Such findings must raise the attention to serious mental and psychosocial alteration endured by Lebanese youth that are still under fatal cumulative traumatic events, that were and even may be, intergenerationally and unintentionally transmissible, therefore, affecting not only the present, but also the future of a whole nation.

Examining Hashtag Use of #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan and Related Content on Instagram: Descriptive Content Analysis.

BackgroundSocial media is widely accessible and increasingly utilized. Social media users develop hashtags and visual, text-based imagery to challenge misrepresentations, garner social support, and discuss a variety of mental health issues. Understanding how Black men are represented on social media and are using social media may be an avenue for promoting their engagement with and uptake of digital mental health interventions.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to conduct a content analysis of posts containing visual and text-based components related to representations of Black men’s race, gender, and behaviors.MethodsAn exploratory, descriptive content analysis was conducted for 500 Instagram posts to examine characteristics, content, and public engagement of posts containing the hashtags #theblackmancan and #blackboyjoy. Posts were selected randomly and extracted from Instagram using a social network mining tool during Fall 2018 and Spring 2019. A codebook was developed, and all posts were analyzed by 2 independent coders. Analyses included frequency counts and descriptive analysis to determine content and characteristics of posts. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis H tests were conducted to assess engagement associated with posts via likes, comments, and video views.ResultsOf the 500 posts extracted, most were image based (368/500, 73.6%), 272/500 (54.4%) were posted by an individual and 135/500 (27.0%) by a community organization, 269/500 (53.8%) were posted by individuals from Black populations, and 177/500 (35.4%) posts contained images of only males. Posts depicted images of Black men as fathers (100/500, 20.0%), Black men being celebrated (101/500, 20.2%), and Black men expressing joy (217/500, 43.4%). Posts (127/500, 25.4%) also depicted Black men in relation to gender atypical behavior, such as caring for children or styling their children’s hair. Variables related to education and restrictive affection did not show up often in posts. Engagement via likes (median 1671, P<.001), comments (P<.001), and views (P<.001) for posts containing #theblackmancan was significantly higher compared with posts containing #blackboyjoy (median 140). Posts containing elements of celebrating Black men (P=.02) and gender atypical behavior (P<.001) also had significantly higher engagement.ConclusionsThis is one of the first studies to look at hashtag use of #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan. Posts containing #blackboyjoy and #theblackmancan promoted positive user-generated visual and text-based content on Instagram and promoted positive interactions among Black and diverse communities. With the popularity of social media and hashtag use increasing, researchers and future interventional research should investigate the potential for such imagery to serve as culturally relevant design components for digital mental health prevention efforts geared towards Black men and the communities they exist and engage with.

Review on diabetes associated with psychological disorders among elderly people

People over the age of 65 who have diabetes are more likely to have mental health issues. Chronic illness might have a direct or indirect impact on this outcome. Diabetic complications can also play a role. The goal of this study is to examine the relationship between the various diabetes problems and the mental health issues of depression, anxiety, and cognitive decline in the elderly diabetic population. The following are the materials and procedures used: An outpatient geriatric medicine department conducted cross-sectional research. It has been found that people with Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes are more likely to suffer from mental health concerns than the general population. Adults with T1D and T2D are at an increased risk of developing a variety of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, eating disorders, and more severe forms of mental illness. In this review, we examine the prevalence, impact, and available therapies for these issues. Research priorities for adults with T1D and T2D have been highlighted and explored in light of the literature's implications for psychologists.

Emotion Based Music Recommendation System

Abstract: Our world today is driven by machines of various complexities. From a basic one like a computer to a highly complex humanoid robot, everything is a product of human intelligence. A lot of industries are being benefited from such new technologies. Facial Expression Recognition is one of these technologies. It has a wide range of applications and is an area that is constantly evolving. The analogy behind it is, when we gaze at someone, the eyes send signals to the brain. The face patterns of that specific person are carried by these messages. These patterns are then compared to those stored in the brain's memory. Inspired by such innovations, our research collects human expressions and analyses their emotions using our vast dataset, offering some necessary strategies to change their facial expressions. Due to the competitive environment, the youth of our generation has been inclined to a lot of mental health problems such as anxiety and depression. Our generation's youth has been predisposed to a variety of mental health issues. Our idea attempts to provide a relaxing atmosphere to a person based on his or her facial expressions. Keywords: Facial Expression, Face Recognition, Python, PyWhatkit, OpenCV.

Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioners in the Workplace: Protocol for a Cross-sectional Descriptive Study.

BackgroundCyberbullying is becoming prevalent among health care professionals and may cause a variety of mental health issues. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners remain an important pillar of the health care system in Malaysia.ObjectiveThis paper presents a study protocol for an online survey (Cyberbullying Among Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practitioner [TCMPs]) that will collect the first nationwide representative data on cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia. The objectives of the survey are to (1) evaluate the cyberbullying behavior among traditional and complementary medicine practitioners in Malaysia, (2) identify sociodemographic and social factors related to cyberbullying, and (3) evaluate the association between cyberbullying behavior, sociodemographic, and social factors.MethodsA snowball sampling strategy will be applied. Traditional and complementary medicine practitioners who are permanent Malaysian residents will be randomly selected and invited to participate in the survey (N=1023). Cyberbullying behavior will be measured using the Cyberbullying Behavior Questionnaire (CBQ). Data on the following items will be collected: work-related bullying, person-related bullying, aggressively worded messages, distortion of messages, sending offensive photos/videos, hacking computers or sending a virus or rude message, and threatening messages about personal life or family members. We will also collect data on participants’ sociodemographic characteristics, social factors, and substance abuse behavior.ResultsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was registered with Research Registry (Unique Identifying Number 6216; November 05, 2020). This research work (substudy) is planned under a phase 1 study approved by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia. This substudy has been approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Xiamen University Malaysia (REC-2011.01). The cross-sectional survey will be conducted from July 01, 2021, to June 30, 2022. Data preparation and statistical analyses are planned from January 2022 onward.ConclusionsThe current research can contribute to identify the prevalence of workplace cyberbullying among Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners. The results will help government stakeholders, health professionals, and education professionals to understand the psychological well-being of Malaysian traditional and complementary medicine practitioners.Trial RegistrationResearch Registry Unique Identifying Number 6216; https://tinyurl.com/3rsmxs7uInternational Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)PRR1-10.2196/29582

A Mixed Methods Exploration of Single Session Family Therapy in a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service in Tasmania, Australia

Single session therapy (SST) is grounded in the belief that clients and families can effect change after one therapeutic encounter, using their own resources, with brief support and assistance from therapists. SST has been found to be an effective intervention for children, young people, and their families presenting with a wide range of difficulties. Research in child and adolescent mental health has shown that over 50% of families find one SST encounter is enough with no need for further specialist input. This study aims to explore family member experiences of SST (undertaken as single session family therapy and termed hereafter SSFT) as an initial intervention in a regional child and adolescent mental health service (CAMHS), specifically in terms of worry, confidence, and satisfaction outcomes. An exploratory, mixed methods convergent design was utilised using a combination of open questions and Thurstone scales. All eligible family members were invited to complete questionnaires before and after the SSFT, asking about level of worry, confidence, and overall satisfaction with SSFT. Quantitative and qualitative findings indicated most family members had a positive experience of SSFT, although differences were found between young people, parents, and siblings. Overall, family members’ level of worry decreased, while only parental confidence in managing the presenting issue(s) increased. Over half of the families did not require further contact with CAMHS following the SSFT. Our findings support previous research that SSFT is an effective, family‐inclusive, and well received intervention for a variety of mental health issues facing children and young people. SSFT could be considered a beneficial and well received first response for the majority of CAMHS clients, which prioritises a family‐inclusive approach. Future research could focus on attaining a more in‐depth understanding of individual family member experiences with a view to improving SST delivery.

Mindfulness and Self-Compassion in Clinical Psychiatric Rehabilitation: a Clinical Trial

Previous research has suggested Mindful Self-Compassion (MSC) as being beneficial for people dealing with a variety of mental health issues in outpatient area. A clinical trial was conducted with 200 psychiatric inpatients testing the efficacy of a specially designed 6-week MSC program compared with a control intervention of progressive muscle relaxation (PMR). Each session lasted 75 min and took place once a week for each of the study groups. The primary end-point was the change in the self-compassion scale (SCS) total score from pre- to post treatment. Secondary end-points included changes in the Medical Outcomes Study 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36), the Global Severity Index (GSI) of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18), and subjective feeling of happiness (single item). Of the 200 randomly assigned participants, the MSC group (M = 2.90, SD = 0.5) showed a significant improvement in SCS (F(1,198) = 25.57, p .05). Correspondingly, the MSC group stated a greater amount of happiness in comparison to the PMR group (p < .05). Furthermore, the GSI and SF-36 parameters improved in both study groups to the same extent during the 6-week treatment (p < .01). These preliminary data suggest the clinical applicability of MSC in psychiatric patient groups, which merits further large-scale studies.

Framing Mental Health Within Digital Games: An Exploratory Case Study of Hellblade.

BackgroundResearchers and therapists have increasingly turned to digital games for new forms of treatments and interventions for people suffering from a variety of mental health issues. Yet, the depiction of mental illness within digital games typically promotes stigmatized versions of those with mental health concerns. Recently, more games have attempted to implement more realistic and respectful depictions of mental health conditions.ObjectiveThis paper presents an exploratory analysis of a contemporary game that has the potential to change the way researchers, practitioners, and game designers approach topics of mental health within the context of gaming.MethodsA case study of Hellblade: Senua's Sacrifice was conducted using frame analysis to show how key design choices for this game present the potential for new ways of approaching games and mental health.ResultsA case study of Hellblade’s development shows how research-informed collaborative design with mental health practitioners, scientists, and individuals with mental health problems can lead to a realistic depiction of mental illness in games. Furthermore, the use of frame analysis demonstrates how to harness narrative, mechanics, and technology to create embodied experiences of mental health, which has the potential to promote empathetic understanding.ConclusionsThis paper highlights an exemplary case of collaborative commercial game design for entertainment purposes in relation to mental health. Understanding the success of Hellblade's depiction of psychosis can improve serious games research and design. Further research must continue to provide deeper analysis of not only games that depict mental illness, but also the design process behind them.

Asperger's syndrome and mental health

Asperger's syndrome is an aspect of autism and, although not a mental health condition in itself, is often linked to mental health as those on the autism spectrum, including those with Asperger's, often experience mental health issues and are likely to be at increased risk of developing such health issues. This article seeks to explain what autism and Asperger's syndrome are and explore its links to a variety of mental health issues, along with forms of nursing management.

Is Telemental Health Services a Viable Alternative to Traditional Psychotherapy for Deaf Individuals?

Access to mental health treatment is a vital part of a comprehensive health care plan. Deaf individuals often have difficulty accessing mental health services. Four-hundred twenty-two participants completed an anonymous questionnaire about their perspectives of telemental health services for deaf individuals. Results showed that several variables, such as if the participant was unable to receive another type of psychotherapy and whether the therapist was ASL-fluent, were significantly related to whether the respondent would use TMH. The participants reported that TMH services are a viable option for treating a variety of mental health issues. Telemental health services can act as a bridge between consumers of mental health care and their providers allowing accessible and equitable healthcare opportunities.

Childhood predictors of lifetime suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury in depressed adults.

Adverse childhood experiences are well-recognized risk factors for a variety of mental health issues, including depression, suicide attempts and non-suicidal self-injury. However, less is known about whether childhood adversity, in the form of low parental care, overprotection and abuse, is associated with suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury within a sample of depressed adults. The sample of outpatients (n = 372) was drawn from two randomized depression trials. Childhood adversity variables, depression severity, age of first depressive episode (major depression episode onset), lifetime suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury were recorded at baseline. The association between variables and outcome measures was examined using partial correlations, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. Low maternal care was significantly associated with suicide attempt; low paternal care was associated with non-suicidal self-injury; overprotection was not associated with either outcome. Other risk factors for suicide attempt were major depression episode onset and baseline depression severity. Major depression episode onset was also a risk factor for non-suicidal self-injury. Abuse, regardless of how it was measured, was not significantly associated with either behaviour after adjusting for its correlations with low maternal or paternal care. In this sample of depressed adults, the quality of ongoing, intra-familial relationships, as measured by levels of parental care, had a greater impact on suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury than abuse. As the findings were not a priori hypotheses, they require replication. Although the cross-sectional study design limits causal determination, the findings suggest different childhood risk factors for suicide attempt and non-suicidal self-injury and underscore the impact of low parental care on these two behaviours. These findings signal to clinicians the importance of asking specifically about suicide attempts, and non-suicidal self-injury, as well as levels of parental care in childhood. When endorsed, low parental care may be considered an important factor in contextualizing a patient's depression and potential risk for suicide and non-suicidal self-injury.

Academic Advisors of Military and Student Veterans: An Ethnographic Study

With the introduction of the Post-9/11 GI Bill, there is an influx of active-duty military and student veterans enrolling in postsecondary and graduate-level education. The role of an academic advisor increases significantly with this influx of enrollment. The purpose of this study was to determine how a graduate-level academic advisor perceives his or her role in advising military and student veterans. By using an adapted methodology of organizational microethnography, commonalities of graduate-level academic advisors to military and student veterans are defined and analytically described. Ethnographic data collection included individual interviews and focus group sessions. Academic advisors of military and student veterans serve as mentors, counselors, coaches, and educators—possessing commonalities of empathy, accessibility, availability, and approachability. In addition, academic advisors of military and student veterans contend with a variety of mental health issues experienced by their students.

Research Paper A narrative review exploring the effectiveness of Compassion-Focused Therapy

Content &amp; FocusThis narrative review summarises findings of research that has shown use of Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) to improve psychological outcomes in clinical populations. This article reviews the research studies that have utilised CFT to treat clients experiencing a variety of mental health issues. The paper begins offering an overview of CFT theory and compassionate mind interventions. A literature search was conducted which included book chapters and articles that discussed compassion focused therapy. Twelve studies were identified which showed significant psychological improvements in clients with diagnosed trauma symptoms, brain injury, eating disorders, personality disorders, schizophrenia-spectrum disorder, chronic mental health problems and psychosis, both within groups and during one-to-one therapy. Within the context of the reviewed studies, CFT has shown itself to be an effective therapeutic intervention when combined with approaches such as Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT).ConclusionThe research design of the majority of the studies examined precluded determining the extent of individual contributions that CFT made towards client recovery. Further research that uses more rigorous approaches are required to evaluate more effectively the role CFT plays in clients’ therapeutic recovery.

Motivating the Unmotivated: Enhancing Motivation in Persons with Schizophrenia Group

Introduction The Enhancing Motivation in Persons with Schizophrenia Group is a manualised programme designed to tackle needs of those on rehabilitation wards of a psychiatric hospital. A number of theoretical models have been utilized to provide important perspectives on factors promoting motivation and behavior change (social learning theory, motivational interviewing, transtheoretical model). These models, along with the use of specific psychological techniques provide the underpinnings for the group. Objectives In terms of pathways of care, it is the first point in the pathway, paving the way for future psychosocial treatment facilities, work and development. It enables patients to gain some understanding about a variety of mental health issues and offer them a space to explore them in relation to their own experiences. Aims The aims of the programme include provision of a positive non-threatening experience of working in groups, developing an open channel of communication, helping identify personal targets for treatment and help participants identify a rationale for engaging self-change. The programme also provides staff with some experience of each patient, their motivation and capacity to function within a group. Methods The programme is delivered on the admission by trained psychologists, consisting of 10 one-hour sessions covering a number of topics, with clear pre- and post-assessment. Results The group is in the process of being delivered for the fifth time. Feedback, both anecdotally and from formal assessment had been positive. Conclusions Staff and patients alike have offered useful feedback and highlighted the utility of the programme in their experience.