Varieties For Commercial Cultivation Research Articles

Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield-Stability Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Grown in Salt Affected Soil

This study was conducted during Kharif, 2019 At the Students Instructional Farm, MES and Agronomy Farm of A.N.D.U.A.T., Kumarganj, Ayodhya, the trials were set up in RBD with three replications. The experimental material comprised of 25 genotypes of rice were evaluated for 11 quantitative traits under three different environmental locations. High significant mean squares were found for all eleven research characteristics in the environment-specific analysis of variance and the pooled analysis of variance for three environments encompassing one crop season. T-3, Kavery Sampoorna, NDRK-11-27, Moti Gold, and NDRK-11-29 under irrigated circumstances were the genotypes demonstrating high mean performance for grain yield per plant and some of its significant components when considering the mean performance of genotypes under various environmental situations. Out of 25 genotypes tested in three conditions, T-3, Kavery Sampoorna, and NDRK-11-27 had the maximum grain yield per plant.In path coefficient analysis highest positive direct effects on grain yield per plant was exerted by L/B ratio (0.281), followed by panicle length (0.167), number of fertile spikelet per plant (0.092) and days to 50% flowering (0.037). On the other hand, negative direct effects on grain yield per plant was exerted by plant height (-0.255), leaf area index (-0.195), spikelet fertility (-0.187), biological yield per plant and harvest index (-0.126) and productive tillers / plant (-0.049). Positive indirect effects on spikelet fertility was recorded via biological yield per plant (0.040) followed by panicle length via biological yield per plant (0.264), productive tiller per plant biological yield per plant (0.021) and plant height via biological yield per plant (0.011).
 Considering the mean performance and stability parameters, three high yielding genotypes T-3, Kavery Sampoorna and NDRK-11-27 merit due consideration for recommending their exploitation as cultivars or varieties for commercial cultivation and/or as donor for hybridization programme for wide range of environments pertaining especially to different environments. In addition to these genotypes, several other genotypes exhibiting high or average mean performance, desirable non- linear response and stable nature for different characters may also be useful for exploitation as parents in hybridization programme as donors for characters for which they showed superiority even if they had average or low grain yield per plant.

Enhancing oleic acid and oil content in low oil and oleic type Indian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.)

Indian safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.), an oilseed crop, is low in oleic acid (14–20%) and oil (26–32%) levels. An attempt was made to improve oleic acid and oil levels in Indian safflower considering the high global demand for oleic oils. A parent possessing low oil (30%) and high oleic acid (74%) contents was crossed to two parents having low levels of oil (28% and 30%) and oleic acid (18% and 14%) contents. Progenies possessing high oil and high oleic acid were selected in F3-F4, and the best were advanced to F6. Fifty eight high oil and high oleic F6 lines were tested for three years for oil and oleic acid levels and two years for seed yield under unirrigated conditions. Ten inbred lines possessing 36.11–41.01% oil and 77.01–82.56% oleic acid were finally shortlisted. One line, ISF-1264 (Ole) gave seed yield (2480 kg/ha) comparable to the high yielding variety check, A1 (2460 kg/ha) with a 56% increase in oil yield (992 kg/ha) and 6.71 times increase in oleic acid yield (805 kg/ha) over A1 while the remaining nine lines could not compete with A1 for seed yield but gave 13–32% higher oil yield and 4.65–5.7 times higher oleic acid yield than A1. These lines would help in increasing safflower oil and oleic acid production in India, and make safflower cultivation more rewarding to farmers besides increasing the market value of Indian safflower oil once released as varieties for commercial cultivation.

Enhancing oleic acid content in two commercially released peanut varieties through marker‐assisted backcross breeding

AbstractTwo elite cultivars of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.), GPBD 4 and G 2–52, with high productivity, oil content, resistance to late leaf spot [Phaeoisariopsis personata (Berk. & Curt) V. Arx.] (LLS) and rust (Puccinia arachidis Speg.) diseases were improved for oleic acid content using marker‐assisted backcrossing. Since both the recurrent parents already possessed the mutant allele at AhFAD2A, only mutant allele at AhFAD2B was transferred from the donor ‘SunOleic 95R’ (oleate of 80.6%). Three rounds of backcrossing with foreground selection using allele‐specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Kompetitive allele‐specific PCR (KASP) assay identified a large number of plants homozygous for the mutant allele at AhFAD2B in BCnF2 generations. Evaluation of the advanced generations could identify six and 10 lines with significantly higher oleate than GPBD 4 and G 2–52, respectively. Considering the yield, shelling percentage, oil, and oleate content, the most promising lines HOBC2GPS_7 and HOBC2G2S_5 were selected with 112 and 142% oleate recovery over GPBD 4 and G 2–52, respectively. Double digest restriction‐site‐associated DNA sequencing of these superior lines showed background genome recovery of 77.5 and 69.0%, respectively. These advanced breeding lines with high oleate (∼80%), resistance to LLS and rust and high productivity are under further trials for possible release as varieties for commercial cultivation.

Evaluation of capsicum (Capsicum annuum L.) genotypes for variety improvement

An experiment was done at Horticulture Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council (NARC), Khumaltar, Nepal under polyhouse condition to access different traits of six capsicum genotypes: HRDCAP-001, HRDCAP-003, HRDCAP-004, HRDCAP-005, HRDCAP-006, and California Wonder (check variety) with the objective to evaluate yield and quality. The experiment was done by using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replications for each treatment. All the collected data were analyzed by using Gentstat statistical software package. Results revealed that tested genotypes were significantly different (p<0.05) in terms of traits characteristics considered for the study. Accordingly, California Wonder was the best for fruit length (86.11 mm), fruit width (70.45 mm), and fruit weight (126.12 g) while HRDCAP-001 was superior in pericarp thickness (6.44 mm), fruit yield (2.46 kg per plant; 68.3 t/ha) and shelf life (6.80 days). California Wonder had lowest physiological weight loss at different days after harvest. This study recognizes HRDCAP-001 to be a promising genotype. Hence, there is a possibility to release this genotype as a variety for commercial cultivation, however, a multi location trial prior to its release is deemed necessary. Furthermore, all evaluated genotypes through this research could be utilized for capsicum breeding in Nepal.

Assessment of Agro-Morphologic Performance, Genetic Parameters and Clustering Pattern of Newly Developed Blast Resistant Rice Lines Tested in Four Environments

Multi-environmental yield trial is very vital in assessing newly developed rice lines for its adaptability and stability across environments especially prior to release of the newly developed variety for commercial cultivation. The growth performance and phenotypic variability of these genotypes are the combination of environment, genotype and genotype by environment (G×E) interaction factors. Thus, evaluation creates an opportunity for effective selection of superior genotypes. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the newly developed blast resistant rice lines in varied environmental conditions, precisely measure the response of the advanced lines in multiple environments and classify the genotypes into groups that could serve as varieties for commercial cultivation. Genetic materials included 18 improved blast resistant rice lines and the recipient parent MR219. The total of 19 newly developed genotypes was evaluated under four varied environments in Peninsular Malaysia. The experiments were carried out using randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications at each environment. Data were collected on the vegetative, yield and yield component traits. Descriptive statistics (mean performance) and analysis of variance were conducted using SAS Software version 9.4. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients, phenotypic variance component, heritability and genetic advance were also determined. Analysis of variance revealed that all traits were significantly different for genotypes except days to maturity, number of filled grains and total number of grains. Meanwhile, all the traits differed significantly for genotype × environment (G×E) except number of tillers per hill and number of panicles per hill. Low heritability (<30%) was found for all the traits. Similarly, low genetic advance was also observed for all the traits except for number of tillers per hill and number of panicles per hill. yield per hectare had significant and positive correlation with most evaluated traits except for days to flowering, days to maturity, plant height and number of unfilled grains. Cluster analysis classified the 19 evaluated genotypes into six groups. Therefore, the six clusters/groups of genotypes were recommended as varieties for commercial cultivation in Malaysia and other rice growing regions.

Stability Analysis for Yield of Advanced Potato Genotypes for Commercial Cultivation in Bangladesh

Five advanced potato genotypes, along with three check varieties were evaluated at six locations in order to find out the stable varieties for commercial cultivation in Bangladesh. Combined analysis exhibited a highly significant variability among the genotypes, locations and GEI. The average tuber yield at 90 days after planting (DAP) of the genotypes ranged from 31.18 t ha-1 in the check BARI Alu-28 to 43.8 t ha-1 in the clone 9.35. The result of AMMI analysis of tuber yield at 90 DAP also showed that the first IPCA1 captured 55.30% of the interaction SS. IPCA2, IPCA3 and IPCA4 explained 29.01, 8.55 and 7.08% of GE interaction SS, respectively. In general, the AMMI2 model contained 99.94% of the treatment SS, while the residual contained 0.06%. In ASV method, the clone 9.125, followed by the check BARI Alu-28 and clone 9.91 were more stable than 9.35. Biplot of IPCA1 and IPCA2 covers 84.3% of GE interaction. Biplot analysis also showed that clone 9.44 and 9.35 and the environment of Gazipur and Jashore had a better result in the GE interaction. Clone 9.44 had specific adaptation with the environment of Gazipur and Jashore, while 9.35 had specific adaptation with Gazipur and Jamalpur. Clone 9.125, 9.91, BARI Alu-28, BARI Alu-8 and clone 9.112 were located toward the center of the biplot and can be considered as stable. Based on the GSI the most desirable genotype for both stability and high tuber yield is the clone 9.125 followed by clones 9.112, 9.91 and 9.35.
 SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 73-86 (2020)

Morphological Characterization and Evaluation of Nineteen Gladiolus Germplasm

Nineteen gladiolus germplasms were characterized and evaluated in the Research Field of the Department of Horticulture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur, during November 2017 to May 2018 for identifying suitable line(s) to release as a variety for commercial cultivation. The accession G8 produced the highest number of shoots (3.3) and effective shoots (3.0) per hill. The accessions that produced flower stalk within 75 days of planting included BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1, 58.7 days), G2 (62.3 days), G3 (65.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 5 (G4, 61.3 days), G5 (55.7 days), BARI gladiolus- 6 (G7, 71.3 days), G10 (74.0 days), G14 (73.3 days), G15 (75.0 days) and G19 (67.3 days). The highest rachis length was recorded in BARI gladiolus- 3 (53.7 cm) which was statistically similar with the rachis length of G6 (46.0 cm), G10 (46.3 cm), G11 (47.0 cm) and BARI gladiolus- 1 (G12, 46.3 cm) but significantly differed with other accessions. Most of the accessions in general, produced more than 10 florets per spike. Vase life of the accessions varied and G11 had the highest vase life of 9-11 days and this was close to 9-10 days in G9 and 8-9 days in BARI gladiolus- 3 (G1), G8, G10, G17, G18 and G19. The highest number of corm per hill was recorded in G8 (10.3) followed by G5 (8.7), G16 (8.3), G17 (7.7) and BARI gladiolus- 3 (6.7). Number of cormels per hill ranged from 9.0-941.7 with an average of 237.0. Based on various plant, flower colour, corm and cormel production characters, the gladiolus accessions G3, G5, G8, G9, G10, G11, G14, G16, G17, G18 and G19 may be considered for further study.
 Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(2) : 37-48

Assessment of tuberose (Polianthes tuberosa L.) varieties for commercial cultivation under south Gujarat condition

The present investigation was carried out to evaluate ten varieties of tuberose for various vegetative and flowering traits. Broad range of variation recorded regarding growth and flowering parameters. Among the different varieties evaluated, maximum values of plant height (45.10 cm) and leaves per plant (45.04) were recorded in Prajwal. The minimum days to flowering (101.09), maximum spikes per plant (3.42), bulbs per plant (8.71) and bulblets per plant (12.93) were also recorded in variety Prajwal. Maximum duration of flowering (27.60 days), diameter of floret (4.33 cm), florets per spike (50.11) and vase life (16.53 days) was recorded in variety Suvasini.

Varietal Differences for Salt Tolerance during Seed Germination of Artemisia annua L. at Different Temperature Regimes

Artemisia anuua L. (Quinghao; Family Asteraceae) is a natural source of a potent anti-malarial drug artemisinin. Salt stress inhibits its growth; seed germination is the most sensitive and crucial stage of its life cycle. Sodium chloride tolerance during germination is important for establishment of plants that grow in saline habitats. The objective of this study was to determine the salt tolerance relative to seed germination potential and seedling vigor index of two A. annua varieties ‘CIM-Arogya’ and ‘Jeevan Raksha’ in Petri dishes under three constant (15°C, 20°C, and 25°C) temperature regimes and four levels of NaCl salt concentration (0 mM, 50 mM, 100 mM, and 150 mM) using 16 h light and 8 h dark photoperiod. Highest percentage of germination and seedling vigor index I and II were observed in the control at 15°C, followed by 20°C temperature regime. Germination percentage decreased as NaCl concentration increased. At 50 mM NaCl, CIM-Arogya exhibited highest germination and seedling vigor index I at 15°C and vigor II at 20°C. The findings of this study should be helpful in the study of germination and selection of new suitable areas and varieties for commercial cultivation of A. annua, especially under saline conditions. We suggest that in the nursery more than 100 mM salinity soils and 20°C temperature be avoided and variety CIM-Arogya can be grown up to 100 mM NaCl concentration at 15°–20°C.

Participatory Evaluation of Tomato Varieties for Commercial Cultivation During Rainy Season Under Kaymore Plateau and Satpura Hills – Agro-Climatic Zone of Madhya Pradesh

Four tomato varieties, namely Kashi Vishesh, Kashi Anupam, Kashi Amrit and Hisar Arun (S-7), were evaluated against the variety Navoday in farmer's field with farmer’s participation for yield potential and other yield characters at Satna, Madhya Pradesh during rainy seasons of two consecutive years 2009 and 2010. The experiment was arranged in complete randomized block design with 5 replications, farmer as a replication. The results of the experiment revealed that all the tested varieties have more yield potentiality than Navoday variety. Kashi Vishesh took the least time to flowering (44.49 days) and first harvest (73.14 days) after transplanting, gave the highest survivability of plants at harvest (91.25%), produced the maximum number of clusters per plant (11.90), number of flowers per cluster (1.99), number of fruits per plant (23.02), the highest marketable fruit yield (290.29 q per ha) and had the low incidence of Yellow Leaf Curl Virus disease. The investigation led to infer that Kashi Vishesh was the best-performing variety, and therefore, it could be recommended for commercial production during rainy season under rain fed conditions in well drained soils of the undulating terrain. Kashi Anupam with moderate high yield and some tolerance to Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus might be regarded as other potential variety for the rainy season production of tomato.

Assessment of genotype × environment interactions for yield and morphine content in opium poppy ( Papaver somniferum L.)

The analysis of the genotype × environmental interaction, which indicates the stability of genotypes, has always been part of plant breeding programmes before the release of varieties for commercial cultivation. In the present investigation the stability of seed yield, opium yield and morphine content in 11 advanced breeding lines of opium poppy was evaluated over five years. Combined ANOVA showed that both the main effects and interactions were significant, indicating the presence of genotype × environment interactions. The average seed yield and opium yield ranged from 10.41–16.92 q/ha and 45.21–59.85 kg/ha, respectively. Stability analysis involving the parameters bi, S 2 di, λi, s 2 , δ 2 , Wi, r 2 and CV identified four genotypes (BR330, BR333, BR229 and BR243) as ideal and stable for the traits studied. The level of association among different parameters obtained using Spearman’s rank correlation showed that Eberhart and Russell’s deviation from regression (S 2 di) was significantly and positively associated with s 2 , λi, δ 2 i and CV and negatively with r 2 . The parameters λi, s 2 , δ 2 i and CV also showed positive mutual association.