Varied Nomenclature Research Articles

Cytotoxic lesion of corpus callosum in cerebral venous thrombosis\u2014a case report

BackgroundVeiled by a myriad of monikers, there has been a growing recognition of cytotoxic lesions in the splenium of the corpus callosum as a distinct clinical entity. Despite the varied nomenclature, they all describe restricting callosal lesions on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging with near-complete reversibility on therapy. The currently accepted terminology for these lesions is cytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum (CLOCC). Only one case of CLOCC associated with cerebral venous Thrombosis has been reported in literature to date.Case presentationWhile these lesions have most commonly been linked to antiepileptic drug therapy, we describe a case of a young adult who developed CLOCC in the background of cerebral venous thrombosis. We hypothesize that occlusion of the posterior pericallosal vein led to the lesion in the splenium. Early institution of anticoagulation therapy resulted in complete reversal of the abnormality, leading to full clinical recovery.ConclusionCytotoxic lesions of the corpus callosum may rarely be associated with cerebral venous thrombosis. We emphasize the need for greater awareness, early imaging and aggressive therapy of this potentially curable entity. We further highlight cerebral venous thrombosis as a cause for CLOCC.

An Update of Weavers Technical Skill and Woven Designs in South Western Nigeria

The thrust of this paper is to assess an update of weavers’ technical skills in relation to their woven designs in South-Western Nigeria. Among many traditional handcrafts that feature in Nigerian Art Industry, weaving seems to be the most prominent and the most consistent. Available loom types and accessories as observed in use in many weaving locations in South-Western Nigeria virtually possess identical structures and features. However, technical skill of weavers differs characteristically as are reflected in varied nomenclature of fabric’s textural and structural patterns and designs, with weavers struggling to manipulate the ‘crudity’ of their tools to the technical advantage of the aesthetic appearance of woven designs. Unstructured questionnaires in Likert Scale sample was used for frequency distribution of variables, and the woven fabrics collected from the study area were subjected to visual/aesthetic description referring to appropriate circumstances surrounding production. The need to re-assess weavers’ technical skill in South-Western Nigeria arises because of the changing phases of consumers aesthetic tastes and preferences, and the need to increase production at the speed commensurate to the demand of users. These need-driven values tend to generate spontaneous traditional symbolic designs and motifs suitable to re-awaken socio-cultural consciousness of consumers.

Diagnosis and management of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) fusion sarcomas: expert recommendations from the World Sarcoma Network.

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of malignancies with mesenchymal lineage differentiation. The discovery of neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase (NTRK) gene fusions as tissue-agnostic oncogenic drivers has led to new personalized therapies for a subset of patients with sarcoma in the form of tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors. NTRK gene rearrangements and fusion transcripts can be detected with different molecular pathology techniques, while TRK protein expression can be demonstrated with immunohistochemistry. The rarity and diagnostic complexity of NTRK gene fusions raise a number of questions and challenges for clinicians. To address these challenges, the World Sarcoma Network convened two meetings of expert adult oncologists and pathologists and subsequently developed this article to provide practical guidance on the management of patients with sarcoma harboring NTRK gene fusions. We propose a diagnostic strategy that considers disease stage and histologic and molecular subtypes to facilitate routine testing for TRK expression and subsequent testing for NTRK gene fusions.

Perioperative Reactions to Sugammadex

The γ-cyclodextrin sugammadex, chemically modified to encapsulate the steroidal muscle relaxant rocuronium, was introduced into anesthesia as the first selective relaxant binding agent to reverse neuromuscular blockade. In the face of sugammadex’s alleged propensity to cause anaphylaxis, the agent was finally approved by the FDA in 2015. With its steadily increasing usage, it has become apparent that there is a small but concerning incidence of perioperative anaphylaxis to sugammadex and some reactions that are anaphylactic like but where diagnosis has not been definitive. The purpose here is to examine the symptoms of the induced reactions, successful treatments undertaken, diagnostic conclusions reached, and the terminology applied to the reactions studied. Following relatively large numbers of early reports of anaphylaxis to sugammadex in Japan (where it was approved in 2010), accumulated data and evidence for the drug’s involvement in provoking reactions has been assembled (from Japan and elsewhere) and analyzed from 33 case reports and other relevant publications. A feature of the diagnostic conclusions is the varied terminology and nomenclature ascribed to the observed reactions with up to nine different diagnostic descriptions used. Although anaphylaxis is the most commonly applied designation, compelling evidence for an immune basis for many of the reported reactions is lacking. In accord with early predictions, the sugammadex-rocuronium inclusion complex has been shown to be allergenic with IgE/FceRI-dependent anaphylaxis occurring in some patients. The basis of the immune recognition appears to be a shape alteration involving the thiocarboxyethyl sodium side chains attached at the primary ring of the host sugammadex molecule creating a new allergenic determinant. Although still relatively rare, severe, even life threatening, anaphylactic-like reactions to sugammadex are becoming increasingly recognized. Not all reactions have been shown definitively to be true IgE antibody-mediated immediate allergic responses, and there is a lack of consistency in the terminology used by investigators in their diagnostic conclusions. Reactions, at least some IgE mediated, also occur in response to the sugammadex-rocuronium complex. Progress has been made in identifying the fine-structural recognition of the complex. The relative incidences of reactions to free and complexed sugammadex and a comparison of the fine structural allergenic determinants recognized on each, remain to be determined and compared.

Diagnostic management of cheilitis: an approach based on a recent proposal for cheilitis classification

Currently, there are no clear recommendations for diagnostic management of lip inflammation and cheilitis, which is evident in the varied nomenclature and subtypes found in medical literature on cheilitis. This can confound diagnostic management. We therefore recently put forth a proposal for cheilitis classification, defining three groups of cheilitis based on duration and etiology: mainly reversible cheilitis, mainly irreversible cheilitis, and cheilitis connected to other diseases. The most common forms of cheilitis are the reversible types, usually of short duration and commonly easily resolved or treated. In contrast, irreversible types of cheilitis are rare, are harder to treat, and are confirmed only after a biopsy of an inflamed lesion. To correctly diagnose and manage the different types, practitioners must consider several factors, including visible manifestations of the disease, related diseases and symptoms, personal habits, weather conditions, allergies, nutritional deficiencies, and results from tissue swabs and biopsies. In addition, multispecialty collaboration and communication involving dermatology, oral pathology, clinical immunology, otorhinolaryngology, rheumatology, and other fields can be crucial for patient outcome. We believe our classification system would be of great benefit to researchers, patients, and doctors by simplifying both nomenclature and disease recognition, thus ensuring timely and adequate treatment.

Escherichia coli DosC and DosP: a role of c-di-GMP in compartmentalized sensing by degradosomes.

The Escherichia coli operon dosCP, also called yddV-yddU, co-expresses two heme proteins, DosC and DosP, both of which are direct oxygen sensors but paradoxically have opposite effects on the levels of the second messenger c-di-GMP. DosC is a diguanylate cyclase that synthesizes c-di-GMP from GTP, whereas DosP is a phosphodiesterase that linearizes c-di-GMP to pGpG. Both proteins are associated with the large degradosome enzyme complex that regulates many bacterial genes post-transcriptionally by processing or degrading the corresponding RNAs. Moreover, the c-di-GMP directly binds to PNPase, a key degradosome enzyme, and enhances its activity. This review combines biochemical, biophysical, and genetic findings on DosC and DosP, a task that has not been undertaken until now, partly because of the varied nomenclature. The DosC and DosP system is examined in the context of the current knowledge of degradosomes and considered as a possible prototype for the compartmentalization of sensing by E. coli.

A multitude of “lishes”

The present paper deals with portmanteau terms based on the word English, the bulk of which form a varied and extensive nomenclature used to describe hybrids of the English language with other languages. A citation database of over 3,500 entries was created containing 510 separate terms dating from the early 20th century to mid-2016. These figures indicate a widespread interest in the ways in which English hybridises with other languages and becomes localised in various parts of the globe. The results also show a trend of continuing increase in the coining of such terms to be expected in an increasingly globalised world. However, to date there has been no exhaustive examination of names for English-language hybrids. The present paper examines these portmanteau terms with regard to semantics, etymology, history, frequency, and pronunciation, and presents an alphabetical table of the complete set of terms in the Appendix.

A case of multidisciplinary interaction for treatment of patient with ceruminous adenocarcinoma of the external auditory canal

Ceruminous adenocarcinoma are extremely rare and aggressive types of tumors, that presented by a mass obturated and stricture of external auditory (until atresia) canal with otalgia. They are difficult to diagnose histopathologically (in part due to varied and nonstandardized nomenclature). These lesions are thought to respond best to complete surgical excision. The authors present the case of 67-year-old women with ceruminous adenocarcinoma of the external auditory canal. Given the complex anatomy of the region, it took the efforts of a multidisciplinary team of surgeons to performed radical surgery excision.

Telemedicine: Transforming Community Long-Term Care

Telemedicine: Transforming Community Long-Term Care

Proposed classification for koebner, wolf isotopic, renbok, koebner nonreaction, isotopic nonreaction & other related phenomen.

Students of skin diseases have long noted a variety of disease responses and non-responses to trauma and the presence of structural abnormalities. This article will review the series of these responses including: Koebner phenomenon, Wolf isotopic response, Renbök response, Koebner nonreaction, isotopic nonreaction, and other related skin reactions. Because most of these reported phenomena have similar morphological features the diagnosis is often made on the basis of differences in the clinical presentation. Note that some of the cutaneous reactions of similar phenomena have been described using varied nomenclature, further adding to the confusion. In view of this, we believe that at present there is a robust need to define each cutaneous reaction accordingly and classify the various types of these phenomena under a broad universal term or terms. Respecting the idea of differences might facilitate a better understanding of the pathophysiology of these entities. We then will propose an alternative classification system.

Calcified pseudomeningocele of the lumbar spine: a review

In this article, we review the English literature of calcified pseudomeningoceles in the lumbar region. A systematic review using the Medline Database using the varied nomenclature for pseudomeningoceles, as well as reviewing the reference lists of relevant article found. We discuss the different pathological theories on formation of a pseudomeningocele, the formation of a calcified wall and the optimal management for this entity. To date, 17 cases have been described, of which 13 are reviewed here. Calcification of pseudomeningocele is a rare entity and in the lumbar spine this occurs postsurgically. The only predisposing factor is prior surgery to the lumbar spine. Computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and MRI myelography in combination are the preoperative investigations of choice. The radiological work-up can be preoperatively diagnostic and is important in the surgical planning. The treatment is surgicel removal and the decision to treat is based on patient symptoms and correlating these with imaging. There is an average reported follow-up of 1.7 years postoperatively for these patients and the reported outcome after surgery is good.

Ethical Judgments: What Do We Know, Where Do We Go?

Investigations into ethical judgments generally seem fuzzy as to the relevant research domain. We first attempted to clarify the construct and determine domain parameters. This attempt required addressing difficulties associated with pinpointing relevant literature, most notably the varied nomenclature used to refer to ethical judgments (individual evaluations of actions’ ethicality). Given this variation in construct nomenclature and the difficulties it presented in identifying pertinent focal studies, we elected to focus on research that cited papers featuring prominent and often-used measures of ethical judgments (primarily, but not exclusively, the Multidimensional Ethics Scale). Our review of these studies indicated a preponderance of inferences and conclusions unwarranted by empirical evidence (likely attributable at least partly to inconsistent nomenclature). Moreover, ethical judgments related consistently to few respondent characteristics or any other variables, emergent relationships may not always be especially meaningful, and much research seems inclined to repetition of already verified findings. Although we concluded that knowledge about ethical judgments seems not to have advanced appreciably after decades of investigation, we suggested a possible path forward that focuses on the content of what is actually being judged as reflected in the myriad of vignettes used in the literature to elicit judgments.

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma - a case report

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a relatively common gingival growth of a reactive rather than neoplastic nature whose pathogenesis remains uncertain. It predominantly affects adolescent & young adults with greater prevalence around 28 years. We report in this study, the clinical case of a 47-year-old female patient who was asymptomatic, with the disease duration of 2 years and was followed up for 6 months post-surgically showing gingival health, normal radio-opacity of bone without any recurrence. Clinical, radiographical and histological characteristics are discussed and recommendations regarding differential diagnosis, treatment and follow-up are provided. The controversial varied nomenclature and possible etiopathogenesis of PCOF are emphasized.

Overview of Strategies for the CVD of Organic Films and Functional Polymer Layers

AbstractVapor based polymer deposition methods have evolved to address the limitations of solution polymerization. However this field of vapor based polymerization suffers from varied nomenclature and would benefit from a review article that brought together the different approaches to vapor based polymerization with an effort to present existing nomenclature, clearly identify the various approaches within this field and summarize recent results. This review article is written with the purpose of compiling recent advances in vapor based deposition methods of polymers with a focus on applications that will continue to drive research in this field. We hope that this article encourages researchers engineering novel polymer applications to give vapor based polymerization a serious consideration apart from solution polymerization methods.

Neutropenic Enterocolitis

Neutropenic enterocolitis, sometimes called typhilitis, is the most common gastrointestinal infection related to neutropenia, but its rarity, confusing terminology, and protean, non-specific manifestations result in variable approaches to diagnosis and management. Review of pertinent English-language literature. The true incidence of neutropenic enterocolitis is unknown, but may be 5% or more among adult patients receiving chemotherapy for solid malignant tumors. The incidence is reported to be slightly lower in children. Estimates are made complex by recent recognition that neutropenia of any cause may be associated with enterocolitis; reports of non-chemotherapy drug-associated cases are increasing. Mortality rates are reported currently to be between 30% to 50%. The exact pathogenesis is also unknown, and may contribute to the varied nomenclature in use. Gut mucosal ulcerations may result from direct drug-related cytotoxicity, or from neutropenia itself. Microbial invasion of the bowel wall proceeds unimpeded. Pathological changes include inflammation and edema, presumably followed by ulceration, transmural necrosis, and perforation. The classic clinical presentation consists of fever, abdominal pain, and neutropenia, but diagnosis is often hindered by subtle or non-specific clinical findings, making computed tomography the linchpin of diagnosis. The wide spectrum of clinical presentation requires an individualized approach to therapy. Medical management, including administration of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, may be appropriate for patients who do not have gastrointestinal bleeding, peritonitis, or intestinal perforation. Surgical management is generally reserved for patients who fall into any of the exceptional categories, and consists usually of bowel resection and stoma creation. Neutropenic enterocolitis is a heterogeneous diseazse state with the capacity to affect many areas of the gastrointestinal tract, and disease severity that ranges from mild to fatal. A high index of suspicion is needed for all patients who present with fever and abdominal pain in the setting of neutropenia. Early detection allows a majority of cases to resolve with nonoperative management and supportive care, but surgical intervention is mandatory for peritonitis, bowel perforation, or gastyrointestinal hemorrhage that persists despite correction of coagulopathy.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma: a case report

A case of peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) in the mandibular gingiva of a 30-year-old man is described. The lesion was asymptomatic, firm, pinkish red and pedunculated histologically showing cellular, fibrous connective tissue stroma with calcified osseous and cementum-like calcifications. Lesions histologically similar to peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) have been given various names in the existing literature. Therefore, the controversial varied nomenclature and possible etiopathogenesis of peripheral ossifying fibroma are discussed.

Omitted and Remaining Matters: On the Names Given to the Book of Chronicles in Antiquity

(Proquest Information and Learning: Foreign text omitted). The seventh book [of Writings] is Dabreiamin, that is Words of days, which we are able to call more specifically a chronicle (...) of all divine history; this book is entitled among us Paralipomenon One and Two.1 -Jerome, from Preface to his translation of Samuel-Kings.2 Like many other works stemming from ancient Near East, book known to us as Chronicles was originally untitled and anonymously authored. The purpose of this short study will be to explore varied nomenclature given to this book by early Jewish and Christian interpreters. The different titles attributed to text provide fascinating glimpses into how antique translators and commentators construed nature, genre, and import of this work. That at least some of these titles were retained and perpetuated for much longer periods of time than scholars have previously thought indicates influence of early interpreters upon later generations. In brief, present discussion is a contribution to hermeneutical history of one biblical book. In what follows, special attention will be devoted to works of patristic writers, because their comments on titles of Chronicles are not well known. I. The Name of Chronicles in Rabbinic Literature In Hebrew (rabbinic) tradition, cited by Jerome, work is called the book of events (literally: words) of (...).3 It is uncertain when text acquired this title. The book also carries this title in earliest witnesses to Peshitta.4 In ascribing name (...) to Chronicles, early interpreters may have been influenced by biblical tradition itself. The authors of Kings regularly cite lost works entitled the book of events of days of kings of (...) e.g., 1 Kgs 14:19; 15:31; 16:5, 14, 20, 27; 22:39; 2 Kgs 1:18; 10:34; 13:8, 12; 14:15, 28; 15:11, 15, 21, 31) and the book of events of days of kings of (...) e.g., I Kgs 14:29; 15:7, 23; 22:46; 2 Kgs 8:23; 12:20; 14:18; 15:6, 36; 16:19; 20:20; 21:17, 25; 23:28; 24:5). Similar names appear in Esth 10:2, the book of events of days of kings of Media and Persia (...), and in Esth 6:1, the book of records, events of (...). There is no scholarly agreement about nature of such lost works. Some think of royal annals, official records of a given king's reign.5 Others think of literary compositions or surveys that may have been based, in part, on official records or annals.6 Indebted to work of authors of Kings, authors of Chronicles also refer to written sources dealing with monarchy. The text sometimes speaks of the book of kings of Judah and (...) (...) 2 Chr 16:11; 25:26; 28:26; 32:32) and of the book of kings of Israel and (...) 1 Chr 9:1; 2 Chr 27:7; 35:27; 36:8).7 In only one case is reference made to the book of kings of (2 Chr 20:34). In no instance is there a reference made to the book of kings of Judah.8 Interestingly enough, references in Chronicles to the book of kings of Israel and and to the book of kings of Judah and are all found in discussions of southern kings or of Judah and Benjamin. As such, they are probably formulaic adaptations of source citations found in Kings.9 Judging by context in which expressions are used, one may assume that readers are being referred to (otherwise lost) written records pertaining to southern monarchy. Nevertheless, contrast in phraseology with Kings is important. The book of Chronicles contains no instance of collocation that later became its name, (...). Hence, if later interpreters drew title from earlier biblical tradition, they drew it from works other than Chronicles itself.10 Aside from cited works whose titles resemble that given to book of Chronicles, there are works that refer to its precise name. …

British Logwood Extraction from the Mosquitia: The Origin of a Myth

British Logwood Extraction from the Mosquitia: The Origin of a Myth

Defective avian sarcoma viruses.

This review was intended initially as a reference source for those interested in the origins and first descriptions of the defective avian sarcoma viruses. Quite a few of these viruses have been characterized in the past few years and their varied nomenclature according to source, discoverer, date of isolation or biological properties could result in some confusion among those attempting to follow the literature. Information will be included on the molecular biology of the sarcoma viruses, rather more of which is available than when the review was first conceived, although in this respect the review will inevitably be out of date by the time of publication. If any bias of content is introduced, this will be towards a more detailed coverage of the author’s own area of interest, the gene products of the defective sarcoma viruses.

The moderator band

The moderator band was studied in 50 autopsy hearts. It was absent in 5 hearts. Its length and width varied widely. In 11, it appeared as a distinct continuation of the septal band. In other hearts it arose from the lower part of the interventricular septum unconnected with the septal band. It terminated in the anterior papillary muscle or free wall of the right ventricle or both. In one heart, it gave rise to a single chorda which replaced the anterior papillary muscle. In another heart the band gave origin to two papillary muscles. The varied nomenclature and possible function of the moderator band are discussed. Its role in fixation of endocardial leads, causation of intraventricular obstruction functional tricuspid incompetence and conduction disturbances are discussed. In addition to the classical moderator band, anterior and posterior vertical moderator bands were seen in 20 hearts. These described for the first time perhaps help to restrict the right ventricular distension.