Variations In Physicochemical Parameters Research Articles

Ecological Implications of Seasonal Variations in Physicochemical Parameters and Phytoplankton Community in an Effluent‐Receiving Wetland in the Gulf of Guinea, Cameroon

ABSTRACTPhysicochemical parameters, chlorophyll a (Chl a) concentration, and phytoplankton community structure were assessed in the Wouri estuarine mangrove sector of the Douala Bassa Industrial Zone of Cameroon over two seasons. Three sets of water samples were collected from 10 sites for these analyses. Some physicochemical parameters were measured in situ using multiparameter equipment (HANNA 8289). The data were subjected to analyses of significant difference by an independent sample t‐test. Correlation and principal component analysis conducted between variables Temperature, salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), resistivity, and turbidity showed a strong seasonal variation among sites. Mean Chl a concentration (3.7–48.29 µg/L for dry and 0.1–20.1 µg/L for rainy season) revealed that most sites were eutrophic, with the Euglenophycean index less than 1 in all the sites. Phytoplankton species richness exhibited seasonal and spatial variation, with a total of 74 taxa and 51 taxa for the dry and rainy seasons, respectively. The division Bacillariophyta was the most abundant, with 19 families and 24 species during the dry season and 17 families and 16 species during the rainy season. Other phytoplankton divisions present included Chlorophyta > Cyanophyta > Charophyta > > Myzozoa > Euglenophyta in the dry season; the less diverse divisions in the rainy season were Rhodophyta > Cryptophyta > Xanthophyta > Euglenophyta. High concentrations of nutrients and the presence of eutrophic species such as Microcystis aeruginosa suggest pollution and a need to monitor activities carried out along the water course with respect to the quantity and quality of industrial effluents discharged into the stream. The observed eutrophication explains the noxious odor across the city of Douala, especially during the dry season. The human health implications could be severe, with communities dependent on this contaminated stream for fish and other necessities a scenario that repeats itself in communities dependent on urban wetlands in industrial zones globally.

Assessing heavy metal pollution in mangrove ecosystems of the Kribi-Campo sub-basin, Cameroon

Mangrove ecosystems provide crucial ecological services, yet they are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic pollution, particularly from heavy metals. This study investigated heavy metal contamination (Pb, Fe, Ni, Cu) in four mangrove sites within the Kribi-Campo sub-basin, Cameroon, during the dry and rainy seasons of 2023. Physicochemical parameters (temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, salinity) were measured in situ, and heavy metal concentrations in water samples were determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry. Results revealed spatial variations in physicochemical parameters, with the Mpolongwé site showing excessive mineralization (conductivity > 1000 µS/cm) likely attributed to industrial and domestic effluents. Lead contamination was restricted to Londji (0.05 - 0.21 mg/L), potentially linked to fishing activities. Iron concentrations were highest at Londji (0.67 mg/L) and Nziou (0.61- 0.68 mg/L), while nickel was absent only at Eboundja. Notably, copper was ubiquitous across all sites (2.68 - 3.31 mg/L), highlighting its widespread distribution. Londji emerged as the most contaminated site, harboring detectable levels of all analyzed metals. These findings underscore the vulnerability of Kribi’s mangroves to heavy metal pollution, emphasizing the need for continuous monitoring and implementation of mitigation measures to ensure the sustainable management of this valuable ecosystem.

Evolution of quorum sensing process and their regulatory role on biochemical metabolism during the organic loading rate increase in dry anaerobic digestion

The organic loading rate (OLR) is a critical parameter affecting the stability of dry anaerobic digestion (AD) of kitchen waste (KW), and significantly impacting the variations in physicochemical parameters and microbial communities. However, the evolution of quorum sensing (QS) and their role on anaerobic biochemical metabolism during the increase in OLR in dry AD remain unknown. Therefore, this study systematically elucidated the matter through multi-omics analysis based on a pilot-scale dry AD of KW. The results demonstrated that fluctuations in the OLR significantly influenced the microbial QS in dry AD. When the OLR ≤4.0 g·VS/L·d, the system operated stably, and methane production increased. The enrichment of Proteobacteria was crucial for sustaining high levels of functional genes associated with various types of QS, including acyl-homoserine lactones (AI-1), autoinducer-2 (AI-2), autoinducer-3 (AI-3), and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). This enabled cooperative communication among microbes under low OLR. Furthermore, most genes associated with these QS processes positively affected hydrolysis, acidogenesis, and methanogenesis. When the OLR increased to 6.0 g·VS/L·d, the fatty acids and hydrogen partial pressure increased significantly. The autoinducing peptides (AIP)-type became the predominant QS and was positively correlated with fatty acids abundance. Syntrophaceticus and Syntrophomonas may promote syntrophic oxidation of acetate at high OLR through AIP-type QS. These findings provided new insights into the QS processes of microbes during dry AD of KW and a theoretical foundation for optimizing biochemical metabolic processes in dry AD through QS.

Seasonal Shifts in Diatom Species Dominance in the Tidal Mangrove Estuary of Bangladesh

Sustainable estuary management provides fishery resources, supports livelihoods and maintains estuarine food webs. However, these are highly dependent on hydrological factors and nutrients effects of the estuary itself. We studied seasonal phytoplankton quantity and composition of the Pasur River estuary in the Sundarbans mangrove forest, Bangladesh to understand the phytoplankton structure and identify potential indicators of environmental changes. Water and phytoplankton samples were collected at 11 different locations around the study region from January to December 2019 to assess spatial and temporal differences. Significant differences (p < 0.05) in the average salinity were observed between the dry and rainy seasons. Elevated phytoplankton (blue-green algae) concentrations were associated with decreased salinity while increased diatom abundance was linked to higher salinity. Phytoplankton succession from blue-green algae (wet season) to diatoms (dry season) occurred due to variations in physicochemical parameters and nutrient factors. Simultaneously, phytoplankton diversity and density were shown to change in response to habitat quality and seasonal variation. This study highlights the potential impacts of both human activities and natural factors on the population structure in these estuarine environments. J Bangladesh Agril Univ 22(2):231-240, 2024

Assessments of Water Quality and Plankton Diversity in the Baur Reservoir, Uttarakhand, India

The current investigation was conducted between January and December of 2022. During the study period water quality was studied in Baur reservoirs two spot, one spot is a barrage area, and the second one is four kilometers away from the first one. The present study is done in Baur Reservoir, which is switched to Gularbhoj in Udham Singh district. Reservoir water is used for irrigation and domestic purposes. Many villages are located near the reservoir, so due to human interaction, water quality may be affected. For this reason, the present study finds parameters of water so we can identify the present water quality status, as we know many similar work done all over India but in this study we find present condition which may be change from past condition and as we know climatic condition are change now days so we can find rainfall in every month and other parameters of reservoir. Various quality parameters are measured, including PH, water temperature, DO, CO2, total alkalinity, total solid, turbidity, total suspended solids and total dissolved solids. All the parameters are within the permissible limit and suitable for domestic use, pisciculture, and agriculture. Water quality parameters have been observed to vary and, with the exception of temperature, all show a positive correlation with the production of phytoplankton and zooplankton in the chosen reservoirs. These parameters include temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, and total dissolved solids. The temperature varies from 240c+ 60c, the pH varies from 7.0 + 2, the dissolved oxygen range varies from 7+ 3, range of carbon dioxide varies from 6+ 5, the humidity range is 50+25, and rainfall throughout varying the all study period. All the physico-chemical parameters are the relation to plankton diversity. In this study, we also find plankton diversity status in Baur reservoir. Plankton diversity can also help to find out the water quality; healthy plankton growth may relate to water quality as well as fish diversity. In the following study, we find the groups Copepoda, Clyadocera, and Rotifera, each containing 6, 6 and 2 respectively. The groups Bacillariophyceae and Chlorophycae each contain 29 and 23, respectively, phytoplankton taxa. The study looked at the association between group variation in physico-chemical parameters for the Cyanophyceae, Dinophyceae, and Euglenophyceae. With the help of this study, we can find the pollutant status and water quality level in the Baur reservoir. All the water quality parameters are under safety level and are good for irrigation purposes and for domestic use. They can filtrate, and may relevant department may take action for tourist activity that causes pollution in reservoir water.

Changes in physicochemical parameters of the alpine/mountain stream influenced by summer flash flood in Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians)

taChanges to the physicochemical parameters of water in alpine/mountain streams can provide evidence of ongoing natural and anthropogenic processes in their catchment. In this study, we analysed a mountain stream (Javorinka) on the north-eastern side of the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians), which is minimally influenced by human activity. The stream was monitored weekly for 5 years (2017–2021) and evaluated for its seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters. These seasonal variations were influenced by the large summer flash flood in July 2018. We hypothesise that floods are essential for the oligotrophic profile of alpine/mountain streams. To support this idea, our main objective was to compare the seasonal trends of the main physicochemical parameters in the stream before and after floods or periods of high flow. We found evidence to support our hypothesis. For example, there was a significant decrease in the chemical consumption of oxygen and ammonia, and, conversely, an increase in the ratio of saturated oxygen and nitrate concentrations. Stream bed erosion also resulted in increased phosphates (over the next 2 years) and high enrichment of the water by dissolved solids in the spring. Interestingly outside of the main objectives, we observed a significant decrease in sulphates, especially in the summer and autumn of 2020 and 2021, which may be related to suppressed emissions due to the restriction of the COVID-19 lockdown. The observed trends and their changes therefore support the idea that alpine/mountain streams are excellent indicators of ongoing environmental processes, and that occasional summer flash floods support the oligotrophic profile of the stream system.

Seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water from Yashwant Sagar Reservoir, Maharshtra

Seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of water from Yashwant Sagar Reservoir, Maharshtra

Seasonal assessment of groundwater quality in the Al Hoceima region, northern Morocco: Physicochemical parameters and fecal contamination indicators

AbstractThis study focuses on assessing the seasonal variation in groundwater quality within the Al‐Hoceima region, specifically examining physicochemical parameters and bacteriological indicators of water fecal contamination. The sampling campaign took place during the wet and dry seasons of 2019 and 2021. In situ measurements were conducted on 37 groundwater samples to determine the physicochemical parameters, while bacteriological analyses were performed using Escherichia coli (E. coli) as a fecal contamination indicator. The findings demonstrate significant variations in physicochemical parameters across seasons and reveal fecal contamination of the groundwater, predominantly indicated by increased levels of E. coli during wet periods. Possible contributing factors include water surface runoff and percolation processes. Additionally, the result showed a high concentration of E. coli expected 240 CFU/100 mL. Pollution was higher in the dry season than in the wet season. These results underscore the poor quality of the water in the Al Hoceima region, necessitating treatment before consumption.

Monthly Variations of Dinoflagellates in Relation to the Water Parameters Along Purnagad Estuary, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

Water samples were collected from Purnagad estuary, southwest coast of India. The monthly surface water sampling was carried out during high tide to find out the variations in physicochemical parameters and distribution of dinoflagellates. Samples were collected for one year period during 2022–2023. Dinoflagellates and water quality parameters were investigated to changes of dinoflagellates community. Variation in atmospheric temperature 21.9 - 37.2 0C, water temperatures varied from 25.4 - 37 0C, salinity varied from 0-37.6 psu, pH ranges between 7-8.8, dissolved oxygen 3.2-10.8 mgl-1, nitrate varied from 0.1747 - 0.1796 mgl-1, nitrite concentration varied from 0.0076 - 0.0228 mgl-1, phosphate values varied from 0.1038 mgl-1 to 0.3899 mgl-1, Silicate was varied from 0.0050 - 0.6031 mgl-1. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. During the study 22 species of dinoflagellates were encountered among which Ceratium fusus was dominant. Relatively high density and diversity of dinoflagellates were discovered in May as compared to the other months. Temperature showed a positive correlation with the dinoflagellate community showing its importance in dinoflagellate growth.

Seasonal variability in physicochemical parameters and fish larval abundance along the coastal waters of Dakshina Kannada, southwest coast of India

Seasonal variability in physicochemical parameters and fish larval abundance along the coastal waters of Dakshina Kannada, southwest coast of India

Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria

This study investigated the seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater samples collected in nine locations in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria. The water samples for the dry season were collected in December and January while for the wet season, water samples were collected in July and October. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels, were measured using standard analytical techniques. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cd, etc.) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while petroleum hydrocarbons (total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were analyzed through solvent extraction and gas chromatography techniques. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in several parameters, with notable significant decreases in phosphate during the wet season and significant increases in chromium and cadmium levels during the dry season (p-value < 0.05). Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, potentially influenced by precipitation patterns, oil and gas activities, and accidental spills or leaks which were observed during the dry season.

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

Assessment of coastal river water quality in Bangladesh: Implications for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas of Bangladesh is a prevalent phenomenon. However, it is not conducive to activities such as irrigation, navigation, fish spawning and shelter, and industrial usage. The present study analyzed 45 water samples collected from 15 locations in coastal areas during three seasons: monsoon, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon. The aim was to comprehend the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters, including water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, and concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, HCO3-, PO43-, SO42-, and Cl-. Additionally, parameters essential for agriculture, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly's ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI), were examined. Their respective values were found to be 63%, 16.83 mg/L, 34.92 mg/L, 145.44 mg/L, 1.28 mg/L, and 89.29%. The integrated water quality index was determined using entropy theory and principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting entropy water quality index (EWQI) and SAR of 49.56% and 63%, respectively, indicated that the samples are suitable for drinking but unsuitable for irrigation. These findings can assist policymakers in implementing the Bangladesh Deltaplan-2100, focusing on sustainable land management, fish cultivation, agricultural production, environmental preservation, water resource management, and environmental protection in the deltaic areas of Bangladesh. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of seasonal variations in the hydrochemistry and water quality of coastal rivers, aiding in the comprehension of salinity intrusion origins, mechanisms, and causes.

Water Quality Assessment of Bibinagar Lakeby Physico-Chemical Parameters

This study investigated the seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters and their impact on phytoplankton diversity, community structure, and abundance in Bibinagar Lake from May 2021 to April 2022. Key parameters analyzed included temperature, turbidity, pH, electrical conductance, total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Significant seasonal fluctuations were observed, with temperature ranging from 16.2°C to 18.8°C, turbidity peaking during monsoon runoff, and variations in pH, conductance, and hardness. Elevated BOD and COD levels in late months indicated increased organic pollution. Despite these fluctuations, most parameters stayed within normal ranges, suggesting generally good water quality. The study underscores the dynamic nature of water quality and highlights the importance of continuous monitoring to manage pollution and protect aquatic ecosystems.

Assessment of Selected Physicochemical Parameters of Selected Rivers around Umudim Nnewi, Anambra State Nigeria and its Environs in 2024

Background: Water pollution poses a significant threat to public health globally, with negligent disposal of industrial effluents and waste contributing to water quality degradation, particularly in metropolitan regions like Umudim Nnewi, Nigeria. Aim: To evaluate the physicochemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Temperature, and Electrical Conductivity) of rivers surrounding the industrial estate in Umudim Nnewi. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional quantitative study employed convenience sampling, collecting water samples from five rivers. Measurements were taken using a Four Parameter water quality analyzer to determine Total Dissolved Solids, pH, Temperature, and Electrical Conductivity. Descriptive statistics summarized the data, and paired sample t-tests analyzed the results (α = 0.05). Results: Total Dissolved Solids ranged from 9.50-59.50 mg/L, pH from 4.10-5.65, Temperature from 27.45°C-28.70°C, and Electrical Conductivity from 51.67 µS/cm. Physicochemical parameters significantly deviated from World Health Organization standards (p < 0.05), with pH showing the most significant variation. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant variation in physicochemical parameters, emphasizing the need for effective wastewater management and pollution control measures to protect public health and the environment.

Study of Variation in Physico-Chemical Parameters Controlling the Water Quality of Wetlands in Khultabad Region of Maharashtra

Wetlands are essential for preserving the hydrological cycle, the diversity of the world's ecosystems, the regulation of the climate, and human wellbeing. Humans can benefit directly from wetlands ecosystems in addition to receiving indirect services from them. The world is experiencing serious environmental issues due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, posing a threat to ecosystems. The wetland resource is mainly contaminated from sewage or wastewater disposal, encroachment, commercial and industrial activity. In view of this current study compares the water of wetlands in Khultabad tehsil of the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The samples were collected in Pre monsoon in January 2022. A total of 28 water samples were analyzed collected from wet lands situated in the central part of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. The samples were tested for pH and temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, bicarbonate, chlorides and nitrate. For developing suitable policies and carrying out priorities, knowledge of the fundamental and integrated facts on wetlands is crucial. All the selected parameters are showing higher values due to the continual discharge of waste effluents into it. According to the study, there should be urgent action is needed to restore water quality and support any long-term plans for wetland restoration.

Comparative evaluation of physicochemical, qualitative and chromatographic profile of unprocessed and processed Cannabis sativa L (Bhanga) leaves

Background: Cannabis (Bhanga) has been extensively explored in research for therapeutic benefits. Out of 80+ phyto-cannabinoid detected till date; out of which Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cannabidiol (CBD) and Cannabinol (CBN) are therapeutically important. Psychotropic concern about cannabis is a majorly attributed to THC presence. For reducing intoxicant effect, Ayurveda recommends processing (Shodhana) of cannabis. Objectives: To evaluate impact of cannabis leaves processing techniques through pharmacognosy, photochemistry and chromatography. Material and methods: Four different processing methods; namely water-immersion (Jala-nimajjana) (JN), water-wash (Jala-prakshalana) (JP), boiling in cow’s milk (Godugdha-Swedana) (GS) and boiling in decoction of Acacia arabica (Babbul twak Kwatha-Swedana) (BKS) were performed as mentioned in Ayurveda classics. Water and ethanol extract of respective sample and processing media were prepared. Processed samples were evaluated for physicochemical, qualitative and chromatographic studies (HPTLC) and comparative evaluation was done against markers THC, CBD and CBN. Results: Processed samples showed variation in physico-chemical parameters. Functional groups like carbohydrates, phenols and steroids retained after processing in all samples. Additionally; protein and tannin groups were found in samples processed by GS and BKS method. Processing of cannabis reduced THC, CBD and CBN from samples and which transferred to media as quantified through HPTLC. In GS method, no maker visualized through HPTLC. This may be due to changes in nature of molecules caused by boiling. Reduction of THC found highest in JP (31%) followed by JN (18%) and BKS (16%) method. Conclusion: Processing showed changes in physicochemical parameters of cannabis leaves and reduces its THC content;thus; reducing its intoxicant effect without altering presence of functional group.

Annual Assessment of Physico Chemical Parameters of The Untreated and Treated Sewage Water Fed Ponds of CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Campuses, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Annual assessment and comparative investigation on six sewage water bodies, among six of the study areas, three were of untreated sewage water bodies and the rest three were of treated sewage water bodies namely MU ( Main campus Untreated sewage water), MT(main campus Treated water), BU (Bannerghatta campus untreated sewage water), BT(Bannerghatta campus Treated Sewage water), KU(Kengeri campus untreated sewage water) and KT(Kengeri campus Treated sewage water) were conducted to assess the water characteristics and the effect of water treatment process. Water characteristics were presented in terms of physico-chemical parameters.Twenty physico-chemical parameters of sewage water, were examined on a monthly basis for the time period of November 2019-November 2020. During the analysis, waters of treated sewage samples showed a larger difference and more suitable for daily usage when compared to untreated sewage water samples which were heavily loaded with pollution. As per Two Way ANOVA there was highly significant variation in physico-chemical parameters between the untreated and treated sewage water samples(P<0.01).

Variability in Physicochemical Parameters and Its Impact on Microbiological Quality and Occurrence of Foodborne Pathogens in Artisanal Italian Organic Salami.

Artisanal salami is produced in small-scale production plants, where the lack of full automation might result in higher variability in food intrinsic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-batch variability in physicochemical parameters and its impact on microbial quality and occurrence of foodborne pathogens on 480 samples collected from six batches of an artisanal Italian production of organic salami. Relatively high total bacterial counts (TBC) were found on the surface of the table in the stuffing room (4.29 ± 0.40 log cfu/cm2). High loads of Enterobacteriaceae in the meat mixture of batch 2 and TBC in batch 5 were associated with a higher occurrence of bacterial pathogens. During ripening, water activity (aw) and pH failed to reach values lower than 0.86 and 5.3, respectively. Six Staphylococcus aureus and four Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the salami meat mixture during ripening and the processing environment. A total of 126 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were characterized at a species level, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii isolated from the final products. Results suggest the relevance of first steps of production in terms of the hygiene of raw materials and handling during stuffing procedures, especially when the physicochemical parameters of the final products do not reach values that represent hurdles for foodborne pathogens.

Microbial community dynamics and assembly mechanisms across different stages of cyanobacterial bloom in a large freshwater lake

Cyanobacterial bloom caused by eutrophication in lakes has become one of the significant environmental problems worldwide. However, a notable research gap persists in understanding the environmental adaptation and community assembly of microbial dynamics in response to different blooming stages. Therefore, metagenomic sequencing was employed in this study to investigate alterations in the microbial community composition in water and sediment during different stages of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu. The results indicated significant spatiotemporal variations in physicochemical parameters across the early, medium, and late stages of a complete cyanobacteria bloom cycle. Diversity analysis further revealed that the temporal differences in the microbial community were substantially greater than spatial variations. Notably, during the medium-blooming stages in water, Microcystis emerged as the predominant detected cyanobacteria genus. Interestingly, the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) in sediment exceeded those in water by over 10 times, indicating that sediment-dwelling Cyanobacteria might constitute a crucial source of water blooms. Moreover, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature were identified as the most influential environmental variables shaping the microbial community in the water. Stochasticity emerged as a prominent factor governing microbial community assembly across different bloom periods. Meanwhile, co-occurrence patterns suggested fewer interactions and instability between species in medium-blooming stages. Notably, the potential keystone phyla occupied crucial ecological niches. This research carries significant theoretical implications for managing cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems.