Variations In Physicochemical Parameters Research Articles

Monthly Variations of Dinoflagellates in Relation to the Water Parameters Along Purnagad Estuary, Ratnagiri, Maharashtra, India

Water samples were collected from Purnagad estuary, southwest coast of India. The monthly surface water sampling was carried out during high tide to find out the variations in physicochemical parameters and distribution of dinoflagellates. Samples were collected for one year period during 2022–2023. Dinoflagellates and water quality parameters were investigated to changes of dinoflagellates community. Variation in atmospheric temperature 21.9 - 37.2 0C, water temperatures varied from 25.4 - 37 0C, salinity varied from 0-37.6 psu, pH ranges between 7-8.8, dissolved oxygen 3.2-10.8 mgl-1, nitrate varied from 0.1747 - 0.1796 mgl-1, nitrite concentration varied from 0.0076 - 0.0228 mgl-1, phosphate values varied from 0.1038 mgl-1 to 0.3899 mgl-1, Silicate was varied from 0.0050 - 0.6031 mgl-1. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. During the study 22 species of dinoflagellates were encountered among which Ceratium fusus was dominant. Relatively high density and diversity of dinoflagellates were discovered in May as compared to the other months. Temperature showed a positive correlation with the dinoflagellate community showing its importance in dinoflagellate growth.

Seasonal Variation of Groundwater Quality in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria

This study investigated the seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters, heavy metals, and petroleum hydrocarbons in groundwater samples collected in nine locations in Bonny Island, Rivers State Nigeria. The water samples for the dry season were collected in December and January while for the wet season, water samples were collected in July and October. A quantitative approach was employed, involving the collection of quantitative data through field sampling and laboratory analysis. Physicochemical parameters, including pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and nutrient levels, were measured using standard analytical techniques. Heavy metal concentrations (Fe, Cd, etc.) were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry, while petroleum hydrocarbons (total hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons) were analyzed through solvent extraction and gas chromatography techniques. The study revealed significant seasonal variations in several parameters, with notable significant decreases in phosphate during the wet season and significant increases in chromium and cadmium levels during the dry season (p-value < 0.05). Petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations also exhibited seasonal fluctuations, potentially influenced by precipitation patterns, oil and gas activities, and accidental spills or leaks which were observed during the dry season.

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

A study on spatio-temporal variations in physicochemical parameters and ciliate community structure of three freshwater bodies from Delhi, India

Assessment of coastal river water quality in Bangladesh: Implications for drinking and irrigation purposes.

Saltwater intrusion in the coastal areas of Bangladesh is a prevalent phenomenon. However, it is not conducive to activities such as irrigation, navigation, fish spawning and shelter, and industrial usage. The present study analyzed 45 water samples collected from 15 locations in coastal areas during three seasons: monsoon, pre-monsoon, and post-monsoon. The aim was to comprehend the seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters, including water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), hardness, and concentrations of Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, HCO3-, PO43-, SO42-, and Cl-. Additionally, parameters essential for agriculture, such as soluble sodium percentage (SSP), sodium absorption ratio (SAR), magnesium absorption ratio (MAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), Kelly's ratio (KR), and permeability index (PI), were examined. Their respective values were found to be 63%, 16.83 mg/L, 34.92 mg/L, 145.44 mg/L, 1.28 mg/L, and 89.29%. The integrated water quality index was determined using entropy theory and principal component analysis (PCA). The resulting entropy water quality index (EWQI) and SAR of 49.56% and 63%, respectively, indicated that the samples are suitable for drinking but unsuitable for irrigation. These findings can assist policymakers in implementing the Bangladesh Deltaplan-2100, focusing on sustainable land management, fish cultivation, agricultural production, environmental preservation, water resource management, and environmental protection in the deltaic areas of Bangladesh. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of seasonal variations in the hydrochemistry and water quality of coastal rivers, aiding in the comprehension of salinity intrusion origins, mechanisms, and causes.

Study of Variation in Physico-Chemical Parameters Controlling the Water Quality of Wetlands in Khultabad Region of Maharashtra

Wetlands are essential for preserving the hydrological cycle, the diversity of the world's ecosystems, the regulation of the climate, and human wellbeing. Humans can benefit directly from wetlands ecosystems in addition to receiving indirect services from them. The world is experiencing serious environmental issues due to the rapid depletion of natural resources, posing a threat to ecosystems. The wetland resource is mainly contaminated from sewage or wastewater disposal, encroachment, commercial and industrial activity. In view of this current study compares the water of wetlands in Khultabad tehsil of the Aurangabad district of Maharashtra. The samples were collected in Pre monsoon in January 2022. A total of 28 water samples were analyzed collected from wet lands situated in the central part of Aurangabad district, Maharashtra. The samples were tested for pH and temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total hardness, bicarbonate, chlorides and nitrate. For developing suitable policies and carrying out priorities, knowledge of the fundamental and integrated facts on wetlands is crucial. All the selected parameters are showing higher values due to the continual discharge of waste effluents into it. According to the study, there should be urgent action is needed to restore water quality and support any long-term plans for wetland restoration.

Annual Assessment of Physico Chemical Parameters of The Untreated and Treated Sewage Water Fed Ponds of CHRIST (Deemed to Be University) Campuses, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

Annual assessment and comparative investigation on six sewage water bodies, among six of the study areas, three were of untreated sewage water bodies and the rest three were of treated sewage water bodies namely MU ( Main campus Untreated sewage water), MT(main campus Treated water), BU (Bannerghatta campus untreated sewage water), BT(Bannerghatta campus Treated Sewage water), KU(Kengeri campus untreated sewage water) and KT(Kengeri campus Treated sewage water) were conducted to assess the water characteristics and the effect of water treatment process. Water characteristics were presented in terms of physico-chemical parameters.Twenty physico-chemical parameters of sewage water, were examined on a monthly basis for the time period of November 2019-November 2020. During the analysis, waters of treated sewage samples showed a larger difference and more suitable for daily usage when compared to untreated sewage water samples which were heavily loaded with pollution. As per Two Way ANOVA there was highly significant variation in physico-chemical parameters between the untreated and treated sewage water samples(P<0.01).

Variability in Physicochemical Parameters and Its Impact on Microbiological Quality and Occurrence of Foodborne Pathogens in Artisanal Italian Organic Salami.

Artisanal salami is produced in small-scale production plants, where the lack of full automation might result in higher variability in food intrinsic properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the inter- and intra-batch variability in physicochemical parameters and its impact on microbial quality and occurrence of foodborne pathogens on 480 samples collected from six batches of an artisanal Italian production of organic salami. Relatively high total bacterial counts (TBC) were found on the surface of the table in the stuffing room (4.29 ± 0.40 log cfu/cm2). High loads of Enterobacteriaceae in the meat mixture of batch 2 and TBC in batch 5 were associated with a higher occurrence of bacterial pathogens. During ripening, water activity (aw) and pH failed to reach values lower than 0.86 and 5.3, respectively. Six Staphylococcus aureus and four Listeria monocytogenes isolates were collected from the salami meat mixture during ripening and the processing environment. A total of 126 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were characterized at a species level, with Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, and Citrobacter freundii isolated from the final products. Results suggest the relevance of first steps of production in terms of the hygiene of raw materials and handling during stuffing procedures, especially when the physicochemical parameters of the final products do not reach values that represent hurdles for foodborne pathogens.

Microbial community dynamics and assembly mechanisms across different stages of cyanobacterial bloom in a large freshwater lake

Cyanobacterial bloom caused by eutrophication in lakes has become one of the significant environmental problems worldwide. However, a notable research gap persists in understanding the environmental adaptation and community assembly of microbial dynamics in response to different blooming stages. Therefore, metagenomic sequencing was employed in this study to investigate alterations in the microbial community composition in water and sediment during different stages of cyanobacterial blooms in Lake Taihu. The results indicated significant spatiotemporal variations in physicochemical parameters across the early, medium, and late stages of a complete cyanobacteria bloom cycle. Diversity analysis further revealed that the temporal differences in the microbial community were substantially greater than spatial variations. Notably, during the medium-blooming stages in water, Microcystis emerged as the predominant detected cyanobacteria genus. Interestingly, the content of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), and catalase (CAT) in sediment exceeded those in water by over 10 times, indicating that sediment-dwelling Cyanobacteria might constitute a crucial source of water blooms. Moreover, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature were identified as the most influential environmental variables shaping the microbial community in the water. Stochasticity emerged as a prominent factor governing microbial community assembly across different bloom periods. Meanwhile, co-occurrence patterns suggested fewer interactions and instability between species in medium-blooming stages. Notably, the potential keystone phyla occupied crucial ecological niches. This research carries significant theoretical implications for managing cyanobacterial blooms in freshwater ecosystems.

Insights into the influence of physicochemical parameters on the microbial community and volatile compounds during the ultra-long fermentation of compound-flavor Baijiu.

While the variation in physicochemical parameters, microbial communities, metabolism, composition, and the proportion of volatile components in fermented grains (FG) affect final Baijiu quality, their complex interactions during the ultra-long fermentation of compound-flavor Baijiu (CFB) are still poorly understood. In this study, amplicon sequencing was used to analyze the microbial community, and headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) was used to analyze the volatile components in FG during ultra-long fermentation of CFB. The relationships between the dominant microbial communities, physicochemical parameters, and volatile components were analyzed using redundancy analysis and network analysis. During ultra-long fermentation, bacterial diversity was initially higher than during the mid and late stages. Fungal diversity in the mid stages was higher than that initially and later in the process. A total of 88 volatile components, including six alcohols, 43 esters, eight aldehydes and ketones, 13 acids, and 18 other compounds were detected in FG. Starch and reducing sugars in FG strongly affected the composition and function of bacterial and fungal communities. However, acidity had little effect on the composition and function of the bacterial flora. Lactobacillus, Bacillus, Weissella, and Pichia were the core microbial genera involved in metabolizing the volatile components of FG. We provide insights into the relationships and influences among the dominant microbial communities, physicochemical parameters, and volatile components during ultra-long fermentation of CFB. These insights help clarify the fermentation mechanisms of solid-state fermentation Baijiu (SFB) and control and improve the aroma quality of CFB.

Assessment of the current status of water quality and nutrients enrichment of rivers Kisat and Auji and Nyalenda wastewater sedimentation ponds using multivariate technique

Monitoring the condition of aquatic ecosystems is important because they provide ecological goods and services on which human beings depend. The present study analyzed the physico-chemical parameters and nutrients enrichment in rivers Kisat and Auji as well as wastewater sedimentation ponds to inform appropriate management measures. The water samples were collected from eight sampling sites starting at the source running downstream and at the wastewater sedimentation ponds beginning from February to October 2021. The physico-chemical parameters were measured in situ, while nutrients were analyzed at the laboratory. The results of the study indicated inconsistencies in the variation of physico-chemical parameters and nutrients enrichment among the sampling sites. The results revealed that dissolved oxygen (DO), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity (sal), total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity and total nitrogen (TN) showed significance difference between the sites. Similarly principal component analysis revealed variations indicating (temperature, TDS, EC, Sal, TN and Total phosphorus (TP) are the major variables influencing the water quality variations. The overall results demonstrated some sampling sites are heavily contaminated with pollutants attributable to anthropogenic activities. The results of the present study are important for decision making regarding the management of water quality in urban rivers and wastewater sedimentations ponds.

Seasonal Variations in Physico-Chemical Parameters of Manakudy Estuary, Southwest Coast of India

The present study was carried out to determine the seasonal variations in physico-chemical characteristics of water in Manakudy estuary Southwest coast of India, from June 2020 to May 2022. The study revealed that the physico-chemical parameters like temperature, hydrogen ion concentration, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients like nitrate, nitrite, ammonia and total phosphorous exhibited considerable seasonal and spatial variations. The study showed that the Manakudy estuary is in a good state of health.

Isolation and Identification of Zooplankton in a Tropical Stream in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

An investigation of zooplankton in a tropical stream in Akwa Ibom State was carried out at three different stations between April and June, 2019. From the study it is revealed that the zooplankton species were wide spread and abundant in all the studied stations with station 3 recording the highest total abundance of 124 ind. / l. Eight species of zooplankton were identified during the study which include; Arcella sp, Askenasia faurei and Difflugia acuminate for protozoa while Brachionus sp., Lindia torulose, Rotaria sp., Trichotria pocillum, Polyyarthra sp., belong to the phylum Rotifera. Rotoria sp was present in high numerical abundance during the study period with low numerical abundance recorded for Arcella sp which was attributed to variation in physicochemical parameters of the study area and duration of the study period. However, the physico-chemical parameters studied were within the standard recommended by WHO for portable water exception of Turbidity which was slightly higher the recommended 5 NTU. Conclusively, this study will provide baseline information as regards the zooplankton community and water quality of Uruk-Uso Stream.

Understanding the impact of physico-chemical parameters on aquatic invertebrates in Lake Chalco, Mexico City

Many urban environments are places with strong stressors that substantially modify water quality. Although tests evaluating water quality are usually physico-chemical, including biological components can also provide relevant information. Lake Chalco, at the border between Mexico City and Estado de México, interacts with the surrounding human population. We investigated some water quality parameters and the community of macroinvertebrates living in Lake Chalco. From January to October 2017, we sampled water along the shoreline in 4 permanent areas of the lake. We recorded the NH4+, NO3-N, NO2-N, total P, Zn, Cu2+, ORP, DO, TDS, conductivity, and pH. In addition, we characterized the richness, composition, and abundance of the macroinvertebrate community. There was spatial and temporal variation in physico-chemical parameters, perhaps due to the agricultural activity around the lake. Nevertheless, water quality was unable to be placed in a category of the national law. Four out of 20 macroinvertebrate RTU’s significantly correlated with environmental variables. Thus, no bioindicators could be proposed. In general, lake water quality is poor, so it is not recommended for anthropic activities. Yet, the lake may be important as a center of dispersion for aquatic invertebrates.

Diversity, distribution and seasonal variation of seaweeds in Southwest coast of Peninsular India

Six different research locations around the southwest coasts of Tamil Nadu and Kerala were used for the current investigations on the diversity, distribution, and seasonal fluctuation of seaweeds (India). A total of 73 Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta and Rhodophyta were recorded under 23 families and 38 genera. The study site Rasthakaadu (53) was with the maximum number of seaweeds followed by Kanniyakumari (51). Out of six study sites, four study sites (Rasthakaadu, Kanniyakumari, Muttom, Kurumpanai) were dominant with Rhodophyta in contrast to the other two study sites (Vallavilai, Vizhinjam) in which Chlorophyta was dominant. Chlorophyta such as Chaetomorpha antannina, C. indica, C. media, Ulva fasciata, U. lactuca, brown seaweeds Sargassum ilicifolium and red seaweed Gracilariopsis longissima were commonly seen in the study area. Chaetomorpha indica (Chlorophyceae) was recorded as the most dominant species in season I, whereas Sargassum ilicifolium (Phaeophyaceae) was considered as the most dominant seaweed taxon in seasons II and III. The seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of seawater had much influence on the growth of seaweeds. Comparing the eastern Coromandel Coast of peninsular India to the western Malabar Coast, it has been found from the current study that the eastern Coromandel Coast was rich in seaweed. Moreover, the study shows that the topography and seasonal change of the physicochemical characteristics of seawater at a given site were the key determinants of seaweed richness. Anthropogenic activities, like Nuclear power plants (Koodankulam), sand mining, construction works, dumping of plastics etc., also affected the potential growth of seaweeds thereby reducing the sustainability of the natural resource.

Seasonal variation of physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentration in water and bottom sediment at harboring areas of Digha coast, West Bengal, India

This investigation attempts to reveal the seasonal variations in physicochemical parameters and heavy metal concentrations in winter and summer at harboring zones in the Digha coastal region of west Bengal. The area showed higher pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), sodium, potassium, organic carbon (OC) in summer and higher dissolved oxygen (DO), total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH) in winter. The concentration of heavy metals viz., cadmium, zinc, manganese, and chromium exceeded the permissible limit in summer, while copper, lead, nickel, and arsenic exceeded the limit in winter. Principal component analysis (PCA) results revealed that the metals responded positively and negatively among various harboring sampling sites The present study establishes the grave concern about heavy metal concentrations in the Digha coastal ecosystem and human health which are closely associated and dependent on it.

Analysis of Water Quality Using Physico-Chemical Parameters of Upper Manair Dam Rajanna Siricilla District, Telangana

A Study was carried out in Upper Manair Dam Located in Narmal Village Rajanna Siricilla District. In the present study, monthly variation of Physico-chemical parameters and phytoplankton in Upper manair dam carried out for a period of one year. The various Physico-chemical parameters like Temperature, pH, carbonates, bicarbonates, chlorides, Total hardness, calcium, Magnesium, Dissolved oxygen, Nitrates, Nitrites, Phosphates and sulphates were analyzed. The values of Physico-chemical parameters which were found in the lake always below the drinking water quality standards. Upper Manair Dam, for a period of one years. The phytoplankton revealed the presence of four major groups: Cyanophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Bacillariophyceae. This Upper Manair Dam provides multiple uses like source of drinking water for uncountable rural and urban communities and livestock, fish culture, recharge of ground water, etc.,[1]. Therefore, it can be concluded that the water of the Lake is fit for consumption according to drinking water quality standards [2].

EFFECT OF ABATTOIR WASTE ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL AND FAECAL COLIFORM LOAD OF SURFACE AND UNDERGROUND WATER BODIES IN UGHELLI, DELTA STATE

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of effluent from the Ogheneweta abattoir on the physico-chemical and faecal coliform load of surface and underground water surrounding the abattoir. The study compared the water quality parameters with the guidelines provided by the Federal Ministry of Environment (FMENV) and the World Health Organization (WHO). The research involved the determination of various factors, including physico-chemical characteristics, microbial activity, and spatial and seasonal variations of water. Four sampling stations were selected for the study, with two focusing on groundwater impact and the other two on surface water impact. Differences between the two types of stations were also analyzed. Field sampling was conducted over a nine-month period, and water quality parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, biochemical oxygen demand, and faecal coliform load were measured. Standard methods and instruments were utilized for sample collection and analysis, following established water analysis procedures. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired sample T-test (P<0.05). The results indicated that water temperature ranged from 25.56oC to 27.78oC, pH from 6.52 to 7.11, total dissolved solids (TDS) from 10.67mg/l to 210.78mg/l, electrical conductivity (EC) from 20.95mg/l to 426.05mg/l, dissolved oxygen (DO) from 4.17mg/l to 4.72mg/l, turbidity from 1.95mg/l to 9.67mg/l, and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from 1.33mg/l to 1.74mg/l. Faecal coliform counts in underground and surface water samples ranged from 2.00 to 2.22MPN/100L and 2.67 to 7.33MPN/100L, respectively. The study findings revealed that the abattoir activities had a negative impact on the quality of both surface and underground water within the Ogheneweta abattoir area. While most physico-chemical and microbial parameters adhered to FMENV and WHO guidelines, the concentrations of turbidity in surface water and faecal coliform in both surface and underground water exceeded the acceptable limits. Moreover, the study showed distinct seasonal variations in physico-chemical parameters, with higher values recorded for pH, TDS, and turbidity during the rainy season, and lower values observed for conductivity. Based on the results, it is recommended that a groundwater monitoring program be implemented to assess the water quality status of wells near abattoirs, ensuring the protection of local residents’ health. Prompt intervention measures, including the establishment of effluent treatment facilities, are essential for effective waste management at abattoirs in Ughelli.

Study of seasonal variation in physicochemical parameters of industrial effluent from Bagru printing industries in Jaipur, Rajasthan

The present study aims to assess the quality of water and identify the phytoplankton diversity in the water body affected with the industrial effluents of the Bagru printing industries in Jaipur, Rajasthan (India) during different seasons of the year 2021–2022. The study identified a total of 90, 39 and 97 phytoplankton species during summer, winter, and monsoon seasons, respectively belonging to Chlorophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Euglenophyceae and Cyanophyceae classes. The physical and chemical parameters of the water bodies near Bagru industries were analyzed and it was correlated with the phytoplanktonic diversity and seasonal variation in order to assess the water quality. To measure phytoplankton diversity and relative abundance, the Shannon Wiener's diversity index was employed, which indicated low diversity among most of the identified phytoplankton species in this study.

Content of the Label Paper and the Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Bottled Water in Kosovo

Content of the Label Paper and the Variation of Physico-Chemical Parameters in Bottled Water in Kosovo

Assessment of water quality by analyzing heavy metals in the Levrier Bay (Nouadhibou, Mauritania)

In this study, variations in physicochemical parameters and heavy metal contamination in water of theBaie de Lévrier are instigated from 25 stations to assess the quality of water. The pH of the waters isrelatively basic and the temperatures are a little high compared to the temperatures of the Atlantic Ocean inDecember. The measured conductivity remains within the range of known conductivity quantities that is56 μS/cm for the oceans. The average concentration of the four heavy metals in water is therefore in theorder of 0.02. The comparison with the background (SE26) allows us to note that: - concentrations of Cu areeither low or similar to those of the stations SE5, SE8, SE10, SE12, SE13, SE24, SE25, - concentrations of Coare relatively high in most stations SE2, SE4, SE6, SE9, SE11, SE13, SE16, SE17, SE18, SE19, SE20, SE21,SE22, SE23, SE24, particularly in stations SE14 and SE16.; - As concentrations are the same except thestation SE1; - concentrations of Mo in the stations SE4, SE6, SE9, SE12, SE14, SE21, SE23, SE24 are relativelyhigher compared to that of the background, while in the other stations the concentrations are low. Calculatedpollution values (IPs) are less than1, suggesting the absence of pollution in the analyzed water.Igeo valuesare all very low (Igeo<<0) and attest to a very low level of contamination, the enrichment factor (EF)displayslarge values (>1) for arsenic, particularly at stations SE1 (EF=70), SE5 and SE22(EF=7). Such valueswould be related to the influence of external discrete sources like industrial activities and other anthropogenicorigins.