Variations In Anatomical Distribution Research Articles

Pattern of superficial venous arrangement in cubital fossa among preclinical Nepalese MBBS students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital

Background: The superficial veins of the cubital fossa are frequently variable in existence and arrangement. Many clinical procedures, such as reconstructive microsurgery and arterial bypass surgery, as well as intravenous injections or therapy, require the use of superficial veins. Aims and Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and describe the variations in anatomical distribution of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa in Nepalese pre-clinical medical students. Materials and Methods: The cross-sectional study included a total of 98 students between 18 to 24 years of age. A total of 196 anterior aspects of both arms were examined for cubital venous pattern. A tourniquet was applied at the mid-arm and drawing of the pattern of veins was made on a separate unglazed paper. The venous patterns in the cubital fossa were then categorized based on their gender. Results: Six patterns of superficial veins of the cubital fossa were observed. The commonest pattern in both genders was type I pattern. No statistical significant difference was observed between patterns of superficial veins on the right and left cubital fossa (P = 0.728 and 0.825 respectively) in both male and female subjects. Conclusion: Our research showed six venous patterns of superficial veins at the cubital fossa in Nepalese population. Understanding the common anatomy, patterns and variations of superficial vein anastomosis is imperative as this knowledge would help those needing venous access for various medical procedures.

Pattern of Superficial Venous of the Cubital Fossa among Volunteers in a Tertiary Hospital

Background: The cubital fossa can be seen superficially as a depression on the anterior side of elbow. The arrangement of the superficial veins in the cubital fossa varies from race to race. Objective: The aim of the study was to observe and describe the variations in anatomical distribution of the superficial veins of the cubital fossa among three major ethnic groups in Malaysian population. Methodology: A cross sectional study was designed to examine the pattern of superficial veins of the cubital fossa among the randomly selected volunteers in Hospital Kuala Lumpur. A total of 300 volunteers including both staff and medical students belonging to three major ethnicities i.e. Malays, Chinese and Indians aged from 18 years or above were selected for cited purpose. Consent was taken and duplex ultrasound was performed using a single ultrasound machine from Philips manufacturer. The venous pattern of the cubital fossa from the right and left cubital force in each subject was drawn on a separate observational sheet. Based on gender and ethnicity the categorization of venous patterns in the cubital region among the volunteers was done. Results: Six patterns of superficial veins of right and left cubital fossa were observed and the commonest pattern in both genders was median cubital vein joined from cephalic to basilica vein. Using Pearson Chi-Square test, it is shown there was no statistical significance difference between patterns of superficial veins on the right and left cubital fossa with gender since p value was 0.498 and 0.999 respectively. However, a pattern of superficial veins on the right and left do have a relationship with ethnicity since its p values were 0.040 and 0.008 respectively. Conclusion: There were significant associations between the pattern of superficial veins on the right and left

Steatocystoma multiplex of face: A case report

Introduction: steatocystoma, an uncommon cutaneous disorder, initially thought to be a sebaceous or retention cyst is recognized as a hamartomatous malformation of the pilosebaceous duct junction characterized by the development of numerous sebum containing dermal cysts with sebaceous glands in the cyst walls. case report: A 70-year-old male patient presented with asymptomatic dark patches, bilaterally on malar region. surgical excision was done under local anesthesia. Histopathology conmfirmed steatocystoma. conclusion: steatocystoma is a cosmetic problem and a lifelong condition. steatocystoma multiplex should be considered as a spectrum with different variations in anatomical distribution which can be treated successfully.

Ruptured aneurysm of Sylvian Artery in a Neonate, 9 weeks old – case report

Introduction In child population, intracranial aneurysm has a very low incidence, representing less than 5% of all intracranial aneurysms (1-5). The clinical manifestation is usually untypical, including greater variation in anatomic distribution, male predominance, and higher incidences of occurrence in the posterior circulation and of giant aneurysms (6–14). Approximately 0.5%–4.6% of intracranial aneurysms occur in patients 18 years of age or younger.(7, 15-20) In a well-known study reported in 1966, only 41 of 6368 ruptured aneurysms were found in patients younger than 19 years and only 1 intracranial aneurysm occurred in a patient who was under 4 years of age.(21) Moreover, although some risk factors for the formation of intracranial aneurysms have been identified in adults (family history, age older than 50 years, smoking, cocaine use, and hypertension), in childhood most of these risk factors do not exist.(22-25) Not only do discrepancies exist in the clinical description of this rare entity but also in reports regarding its outcome after treatment. Good outcomes have been reported to range from 40% to 95% in the surgical literature. (7,11, 13, 2630). Agid et al. (31) reported a series covering 12 years (1992–2004) that included 9 ruptured pediatric aneurysms. A Johns Hopkins group reported their 14year experience (1991–2004) in treating 11 children with SAH by means of surgical clipping (29). We report and describe a successfully clipped ruptured aneurysm of sylvian artery in a neonate, which was diagnosed using magnetic resonance (MR) imaging with Angio-MR and confirmed at subsequent surgery. In this case, deposition of thrombosis was noted on histological examination of the wall at the parent arteryaneurysm junction.

Differential distribution of lymphatic clearance between upper and lower regions of the lung

Many lung diseases arise as the consequence of inhalational injury. When pathogenic materials are inhaled, it is possible that their clearance routes become the main focus of injury in the lung. Lymphatic clearance is important in the removal from the lung of small inhaled particles. The leak of toxic agents from the lymphatic flow potentially explains the topographic distribution of diffuse lung diseases triggered by inhaled materials, for example asbestosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the differences in lymphatic distribution across various craniocaudal levels of the lung by using carbon dust deposition (CDD) as a tracing marker. We evaluated 61 HE-stained slides of the normal lung area from 61 lobectomy specimens. The intensity of CDD was scored into five degrees (0-4) in bronchiolovascular (BV) areas and subpleural/septal (SP) areas per slide. The distribution was highlighted by subtraction scores of SP areas from those of bronchiolovascular areas. The subtraction scores of the upper lung area were significantly greater than those in the lower area, whereas there was no significant difference in scores by pulmonary lobes. Our results indicated that the main lymphatic clearance routes vary according to the craniocaudal levels, and are predominant in BV areas of the upper areas and in SP areas of the lower areas of the lung. This may explain the histological variations in anatomical distribution observed in the biopsy specimens of some diffuse lung diseases.

Racial Variation in Anatomic Distribution of Coronary Artery Lesions: New Zealand Maori are Seldom Treated for Right Coronary Disease

Identifying the underlying reasons for racial disparities in health care outcomes is a global priority. The anatomic distribution of coronary artery lesions has been shown to be highly heritable. We examine whether there is interracial variation in specific lesion location in patients undergoing coronary artery angioplasty. Ethnicity data was cross-referenced with data from a database containing all angioplasties performed at Christchurch Hospital between 01 January 2000 and 31 December 2004. In a total of 1992 patients there were 3426 lesions treated with coronary angioplasty. The distribution of these lesions varied significantly between Europeans and Maori (Chi-squared p=0.031). In Europeans 40% of lesions were in the left anterior descending coronary artery and 36% in the right coronary artery. In Maori 58% of lesions were in the left anterior descending coronary artery and 13% in the right coronary artery. This provides first evidence for there being inter-racial differences in the nature of coronary artery disease.

Giant Aneurysm of the Distal Posterior Inferior Cerebellar Artery in an 11-Month-Old Child Presenting with Obstructive Hydrocephalus

Intracranial aneurysms are rare in children although several features distinguish them from adult aneurysms including variation in anatomic distribution and an increased incidence of giant and posterior circulation aneurysms. Subarachnoid hemorrhage is the most frequent presentation; however, clinical presentation suggestive of intracranial tumor is not uncommon making accurate diagnosis difficult. Direct clipping is recommended whenever possible although alternative techniques may sometimes be necessary. This report of a giant aneurysm of the distal posterior inferior cerebellar artery in an 11-month-old child illustrates the occasional difficulty in diagnosis and management of these unusual aneurysms.

Primary atypical amyloidosis; report of a case.

AMONG NEARLY 3,200 autopsies performed at St. Vincent's Hospital over a period of fifteen years, 5 cases of amyloidosis were discovered, 1 of which is believed to be a clearcut example of the form. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to justify the use of the term primary atypical as accurately descriptive of this type of amyloid disease. Three factors have made satisfactory classification of amyloidosis difficult. The first is the confusing variety of terms employed by authors in describing their cases; the second is the wide variation in anatomic distribution of the amyloid revealed at autopsy; the third, and probably most fundamental, is the fact that little is known of the immediate cause, or causes, of the deposition of amyloid in the tissues. To date, approximately 70 cases belonging in the category of amyloidosis have been reported in the literature. Terminology used by the