Variation In Hemoglobin Concentration Research Articles

468 Association between early variation in hemoglobin concentration after cardiac arrest and neurological outcome: a traslational study

468 Association between early variation in hemoglobin concentration after cardiac arrest and neurological outcome: a traslational study

Mechanism-Based Modeling of Perioperative Variations in Hemoglobin Concentration in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Surgery.

Hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]) in the perioperative setting should be interpreted in the context of the variables and processes that may affect it to differentiate the dilution effects caused by changes in intravascular volume. However, it is unclear what variables and processes affect [Hb]. Here, we modeled the perioperative variations in [Hb] to identify the variables and processes that govern [Hb] and to describe their effects. We first constructed a mechanistic framework based on the main variables and processes related to the perioperative [Hb] variations. We then prospectively studied patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery, divided into 2 consecutive cohorts for the development and validation of the model. The study protocol consisted of serial measurements of [Hb] along with recordings of hemoglobin mass loss, blood volume loss, fluid infusion, urine volume, and inflammatory biomarkers measurements, up to 96 hours postoperatively. Mathematical fitting was performed using nonlinear mixed-effects. Additionally, we performed simulations to explore the effects of blood loss and fluid therapy protocols on [Hb]. We studied 154 patients: 118 enrolled in the development group and 36 in the validation group. We characterized the perioperative course of [Hb] using a mass balance model that accounted for hemoglobin losses during surgery, and a 2-compartment model that estimated fluid kinetics and intravascular volume changes. During model development, we found that urinary fluid elimination represented only 24% of the total fluid elimination, and that total fluid elimination was inhibited after surgery in a time-dependent manner and influenced by age. Also, covariate evaluation showed a significant association between the type of surgery and proportion of fluid eliminated via urine. In contrast, neither the type of infused solution, blood volume loss nor inflammatory biomarkers were found to correlate with model parameters. In the validation analysis, the model demonstrated a considerable predictive capacity, with 95% of the predicted [Hb] within -4.4 and +5.5 g/L. Simulations demonstrated that hemoglobin mass loss determined most of the postoperative changes in [Hb], while intravascular volume changes due to fluid infusion, distribution, and elimination induced smaller but clinically relevant variations. Simulated patients receiving standard fluid therapy protocols exhibited a hemodilution effect that resulted in a [Hb] decrease between 7 and 15 g/L at the end of surgery, and which was responsible for the lowest [Hb] value during the perioperative period. Our model provides a mechanistic and quantitative understanding of the causes underlying the perioperative [Hb] variations.

Parasitemia and elevation as predictors of hemoglobin concentration and antioxidant capacity in two sympatric lizards

Studies which quantify the influence of abiotic factors on physiological variation are paramount to comprehend organismal responses to diverse environments. We studied three physiological aspects of metabolism in two sympatric and ecologically similar European lizard species, Podarcis muralis and Iberolacerta horvathi, across an 830-m elevational gradient. We collected blood samples and tail tips from adult lizards, which were analyzed for parasitemia, hemoglobin concentration, potential metabolic activity and catalase activity. Hemoglobin concentration was higher in males than females and it increased across elevation in one of the studied species – P. muralis. Parasitemia was not an important predictor of the variation in hemoglobin concentration, which suggests that blood parasites do not constraint the aerobic capacity of the lizards. On the other hand, catalase activity reflected increased antioxidant activity in the presence of higher parasitemia, possibly acting as an adaptive mechanism to reduce oxidative stress during immune activation. Potential metabolic activity, as a proxy for maximum respiratory enzymatic capacity, did not differ between species or sexes nor was it affected by elevation or levels of parasitemia. The results provide insight into the relationships between physiological, biotic, and environmental traits in sympatric lizards.

Effects of Dietary Soybean (Glycine max) on Growth Performance, Haematology and Serum Biochemistry of African Carp (Labeo Cubie Ruppell 1832)

The effects of dietary replacements of fish meal with soybean meal on growth performance, heamatology and serum biochemistry in juvenile Labeo cubie were evaluated. Four hundred and fifty (450) apparently healthy juvenile Laboe cubie were distributed into one of fifteen 1000 L tanks divided into five groups and fed any of diets A (0% soybean meal); B (30% soybean meal); C (40% soybean meal); D (45% soybean meal) and diet E (75% soybean meal) for 56 days. At set time points day 7, 14, 28 and day 56, five fish were randomly selected per tank for growth assessments, heamatology and serum biochemical evaluations. Growth performance indices decreased significantly (p < 0.05) along the gradient of soybean meal inclusion and the duration of feeding. The erythrocytes count increased significantly (p < 0.05) at day 14 in fish fed soybean meal diets and decreased significantly (p < 0.05) beginning at day 28 in fish fed soybean meal-based diets. The haematocrit of fish fed diets D and E were significantly (p < 0.05) lower at day 28 compared to day 56. There were no significant variations in haemoglobin concentration and the leucocytes counts (p > 0.05). The proteins, blood glucose and the transaminases increased significantly (p < 0.05) along gradient of dietary inclusion and duration of feeding in the first 28 days while creatinine kinase activity, blood urea nitrogen and uric acid concentration remained significantly elevated (p < 0.05) in fish fed the soybean meal-based diets. The results of the study show juvenile L. cubie may tolerate up to 40% dietary inclusion of soybean meal as replacement for fish meal.

The Effect of the Menstrual Cycle on Hemoglobin Mass

The impact of the menstrual cycle on oxygen‐carrying capacity remains equivocal. Previous studies reported either reductions or no significant changes in hemoglobin concentration during the follicular phase when compared to the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Changes in plasma volume associated with fluctuating estrogen and progesterone levels likely contribute to the variations in hemoglobin concentration observed throughout the menstrual cycle. Thus, measures of hemoglobin concentration do not accurately represent the oxygen‐carrying capacity of the blood. Hemoglobin mass represents a more direct measure of oxygen‐carrying capacity. However, the impact of menstrual blood loss on hemoglobin mass remains unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on hemoglobin mass in pre‐menopausal women. Twenty women (age: 23 ± 6 years, height: 167 ± 7 cm, weight: 66 ± 13 kg) with a regular menstrual cycle using (n = 9) and not using hormonal contraceptives participated in the study. Hemoglobin mass was assessed using the carbon monoxide rebreathing technique on three separate visits. Visits for women using hormonal contraceptives were scheduled in the early follicular phase (3–5 days post‐onset of menses), late follicular phase (14 days post‐onset of menses), and late luteal phase (10 days after the late follicular visit). Visits for women not using hormonal contraceptives were scheduled in the early follicular phase (3–5 days post‐onset of menses), late follicular phase (1–2 days post‐surge of luteinizing hormone in urine), and late luteal phase (10 days after the late follicular visit). While hemoglobin concentration was nearly significantly different across phases of the menstrual cycle (early follicular: 13.1 ± 1.2 g/dL, late follicular: 12.7 ± 0.8 g/dL, late luteal: 12.8 ± 0.9 g/dL, p = 0.08), hemoglobin mass did not significantly differ between menstrual cycle phases (early follicular: 615 ± 62 g, late follicular: 609 ± 66 g, late luteal: 606 ± 69 g, p = 0.90). Thus, menstrual blood loss has no significant impact on hemoglobin mass or oxygen‐carrying capacity in women with a regular menstrual cycle.Support or Funding InformationSmall Research Grant of the College of Education of the University of Texas at Austin.This abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2019 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Movement and pain in fibromyalgia: a co-registration by fNIRS and LEPs

Recent studies by non-invasive stimulation techniques suggested a possible alteration in cortical excitability of motor area in chronic pain patients. However, physical exercise is indicated in the treatment of pain [1]. The complex mechanism of interaction between the motor cortex and pain matrix is not completely clear. Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an optical and non-invasive method to monitor brain activity. FNIRS is suitable to measure variations in hemoglobin concentration. The present study aimed to investigate the hemodynamic activity and laser evoked potentials (LEPs) variations during both slow and fast finger tapping task and concomitant painful stimulation on the right and left back hand. We recruited 20 healthy subjects and 35 fibromyalgia patients. A co-registration by fNIRS and LEPs was used to explore motor cortex activation and nociceptive pathways. FNIRS data showed a reduction in motor cortical activation both in movement condition than during concomitant laser stimulation in both hands in FM group compared to controls. There was a slight reduction in N1 amplitude during movement in both groups. Patients presented a strengthening of N2P2 vertex complex during motion unlike the controls. We suggested a possible abnormal interference circuit between motor and pain systems in FM patients.

Assessment of dietary pattern and factors that affect hemoglobin concentration of third trimester pregnant women at Ambo Governmental Health Institutions, Ethiopia.

Introduction: Iron deficiency and anemia resulting from iron deficiency is considered to be one of the top ten contributors to the global burden of disease. More than half of the pregnant women in the world suffer from anemia and it contributes to 40% of maternal death worldwide. The aim of this study was to assess the dietary pattern and factors that affect hemoglobin concentration of third trimester pregnant women. Methods: A cross-sectional study design and convenient sampling technique were used. 123 third trimester pregnant women were interviewed to assess their socio-demographic characteristics, dietary pattern, and clinical conditions. The hemoglobin values of the women were determined using Hemo Cue. Descriptive analysis and simple linear regression were used. Results: About 35.8% of the pregnant women were anemic. The mean age [years] of the pregnant women was 25.8 ± 5.4 [SD] and 55.3% were multiparous. The most commonly consumed food by the subjects was cereals [98.4%] and coffee was found to be the most commonly consumed drink [93.5%]. Majority of the pregnant women [57.8%] had three meals a day. Maternal factors such as, dietary diversity score [β=0.517, p=0.001] and level of education [β=0.464, 95% CI: 0.241, 687, p=0.001] had positive linear relationship with hemoglobin. Whereas, factors such as the number of cups of tea taken per day [β=-0.476, 95% CI: -.792, -0.161, p=0.003], consumption of legumes [β=-0.813, p=0.001] and roots and tubers [β= -0.828, p=0.001] were negatively associated with maternal hemoglobin concentration. The adj. R2 is 0.396 indicating that these factors explain 39.6% of the variation in hemoglobin concentration of the study participants. Conclusion: The dietary pattern and nutritional status of third trimester pregnant women were associated with maternal hemoglobin concentration.

Biochemical profiling of tuberculosis patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus

The present research work was planned to investigate the biochemical parameters in tuberculosis (TB) patients in comparison with healthy individual and TB patients co-infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). For the study, we determined liver enzymes, serum proteins, hemoglobin photometrically, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by the Westergren method. The results showed a significant ( P <0.05) increase in the level of alanine aminotransferase in the Test group (TB + HCV patients) and the TB control group when compared with the healthy control group. A non-significant ( P >0.05) increase in the level of aspartate aminotransferase was observed in the Test group while a non-significantly ( P >0.05) reduced level was observed in the TB control group when compared with healthy controls. Alkaline phosphatase was increased significantly ( P <0.05) in the Test group but non-significantly ( P >0.05) in the TB control group compared to healthy control group. Significant ( P <0.05) variation in the concentration of serum proteins among different groups in the studied population was also observed. Significant ( P <0.05) variation in hemoglobin concentration was observed only on comparing the Test group with healthy individuals ( P = 0.013). No significant ( P >0.05) variation in serum calcium level was observed among study groups. ESR was found to be lower in the healthy control group while significantly ( P <0.05) increased in the Test and TB control groups. The HCV co-infected patients were investigated through HCV screening by the immunochromatographic method. We concluded that variation in biochemical and hematological parameters observed in the studied population help us to diagnose HCV co-infected TB patients.

Spatial variation in haemoglobin concentration of nestling Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus): a long-term perspective

An understanding of the influences of anthropogenic disturbance and variation in habitat quality on organism condition and breeding success may improve future management and conservation decisions. Some authors consider haemoglobin concentration to be a simple biochemical indicator of bird condition. The main goal of this paper is to examine if the level of haemoglobin displays any consistent pattern of variation across habitats differing in quality. We present results concerning long-term variation in haemoglobin concentration in the blood of about 14-day-old nestling Blue Tits (Cyanistes caeruleus) in central Poland in an 11-year period (2003–2013), in two landscapes (an urban parkland and a deciduous forest). The most important findings of the study are: (1) the concentration of haemoglobin of the nestlings from the same brood tended to be consistently similar, with most variation occurring between broods, (2) mean levels of haemoglobin varied between years, and were correlated with caterpillar abundance peaks in the forest study site, (3) mean haemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the forest area than in the parkland area, (4) haemoglobin levels were positively correlated with breeding and fledging success. We confirmed that haemoglobin concentration displays a spatio-temporal pattern and that the level of haemoglobin is a reliable condition and habitat quality indicator in nestling Blue Tits in the study populations. Although, strictly speaking, the analysed differences are between two particular sites, we think that they reflect differences between urban and non-urban habitats.

Long-term variation in hemoglobin concentration in nestling great tits Parus major

Several studies have previously proposed that blood hemoglobin concentration in nestling passerines is a reliable index of individual condition and nutritional state. In this paper we present results concerning variation in hemoglobin concentration in the blood of ca. 14-day-old nestling great tits Parus major in central Poland in an 11-year-long period, 2003–2013, in two distinct habitat types: urban park and deciduous forest. The most important findings of the study were: (i) variation in hemoglobin concentration was consistent within broods, (ii) hemoglobin concentration of nestlings varied markedly across years, (iii) hemoglobin concentration was significantly higher in the forest study site which is richer in terms of food abundance during the short period of tits breeding season and (iv) high hemoglobin level was a predictor of nestling survival from hatching to fledging.

Validation of transcutaneous NIRS monitoring of bladder hemodynamics and oxygenation using a rabbit model

Transcutaneous near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a recognized means of non-invasively monitoring changes in the concentration of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin in tissue. However in applications of this technique to the bladder, because the combined thickness of the detrusor muscle and the wall of the organ is only a few millimeters, the question arises whether the trends and variations in hemoglobin concentration detected transcutaneously reflect physiologic changes occurring in the detrusor or are influenced by the effect of overlying tissue on the NIRS signal. In this study a rabbit model was used so that NIRS data could be collected transcutaneously and then with the optical probe applied directly the anterior bladder wall after surgical exposure of the organ, and the data compared. Studies were done with an Oxymon dual channel spectrometer on 6 anaesthetized New Zealand white rabbits using interop- tode distances adjusted for the two measurement sites, a consistent bladder filling and emptying protocol, and exposure to a brief period of controlled hypoxia (oxygen saturation decrease to 80%). Consistent data were obtained from transcutaneous and direct bladder wall measurements which confirms that transcutaneous NIRS monitoring does reflect changes occurring within the detrusor muscle in the anterior bladder wall. Hence, transcutaneous monitoring in humans using appropriate methodology and inter-optode spacing can be expected to avoid any potentially con- founding signals from tissues in the abdominal wall overlying the bladder.

Detection of Darbepoetin Alfa Misuse in Urine and Blood

Darbepoetin alfa is a modified erythropoietin (EPO) molecule with a longer serum half-life than recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO). Because the detection period of rhEPO in urine is only 2-3 d after the last injection, blood algorithms have been developed in order to expand the detection window of rhEPO misuse. The main objectives were to establish the period of detection of darbepoetin alfa by isoelectric focusing (IEF) and examine the applicability of blood algorithms and individual variations in blood variables in an antidoping context. Six recreationally active males and six recreationally active females had 0.78 microg.kg(-1).wk(-1) of darbepoetin alfa administered for 3 wk. Blood and urine samples were collected continuously during and after administration. Urine samples were analyzed by IEF and immunoblotting for darbepoetin alfa, and blood samples were analyzed for erythropoietic sensitive blood variables on a hematological analyzer. Darbepoetin alfa was detected in 8 of 12 samples at 10 d after the last injection. Ten subjects showed variations in hemoglobin concentration [Hb] > 10%, whereas only three males and one female exceeded suggested upper [Hb] limits of 17.0 and 16.0 g.dL(-1), respectively. Four subjects exceeded the 1:1000 ON- as well as the OFF-model cutoff limit. The large number of samples containing detectable amounts of darbepoetin alfa at 10 d into the washout period stipulate the possibility of a 7-d window of detection after administration, wherein a sample would be regarded as an adverse analytical finding. The marked variations in all examined blood parameters could be used for the targeting of urine samples. These preliminary findings open up for larger scale studies with more frequent urine sampling in the washout period on elite athletes.

Habitat and year-to-year variation in haemoglobin concentration in nestling blue tits Cyanistes caeruleus

Nutrition during the time spent at the nest is critical for the development of the body condition in altricial birds, including nestling blue tits ( Cyanistes caeruleus). Trophic conditions tend to be variable in time and space, which should influence the physiological condition of growing birds. In this paper, we consider haemoglobin concentration as a general indicator of chick physiological condition. Its variation is both consistent within broods and indicative/prognostic of survival from the moment of hatching to fledging. We show that haemoglobin concentration of nestling blue tits is on average higher in years and habitats characterised by rich abundance of caterpillars than under poor caterpillar availability. Haemoglobin seems to quite exactly reflect even relatively subtle differences in trophic conditions.

Blood Doping and Erythropoietin: The Effects of Variation in Hemoglobin Concentration and Other Related Factors on Physical Performance

Blood Doping and Erythropoietin: The Effects of Variation in Hemoglobin Concentration and Other Related Factors on Physical Performance

Iron requirements. Comments on methods and some crucial concepts in iron nutrition.

Absorbed iron (Fe) requirements are partly recalculated based on new figures for Fe requirements in menstruating women. The new higher figures were obtained by including in the calculation of the total requirements the effect of variations in hemoglobin concentration, which influences the variation in menstrual Fe losses and the variation in basal Fe losses. Higher figures were also found for menstruating teenage girls. Dietary iron requirements were also recalculated based on a critical examination of data available allowing estimations of bioavailability of the dietary iron in Western-type diets. In borderline Fe-deficient subjects, with optimal hemoglobin levels but no iron stores, the 95th percentile range for the bioavailability was estimated to 14-16% of the fraction of the dietary Fe that is potentially available for absorption (correction for partially available fortification Fe).

Variation in hemoglobin concentration among samples of high-altitude natives in the Andes and the Himalayas.

This paper presents data on hemoglobin concentration in a rural Andean sample at 3,800-3,900 m and incorporates them into a review intended to evaluate possible sources of the range of variation in mean hemoglobin concentration among samples obtained at high altitude. Between 3,400 and 4,000 m, rural Himalayan highlanders average 1.4 gm/dl lower mean hemoglobin concentration than rural Andean highlanders. With respect to potential causes of anemia, it is concluded that the relatively low values of rural Himalyan populations are not explicable by lower hypoxic stress or different techniques of obtaining and analyzing blood samples and are probably not explicable by nutritional deficiency and disease. With respect to potential causes of polycythemia within Andean populations, it is concluded that the somewhat higher values of some mining and urban samples of Andean higlanders may not be due to the mining occupation per se but may be due partly to the inclusion of European and mestizo (with at most 500 years of high-altitude ancestry) along with Amerindian highlanders (with millenia of high-altitude ancestry) as well as to the inclusion of highlanders living well above their own habitual altitudes of residence. The Andean polycythemia is probably not due to obesity, high androgen levels, or frequent intermittent hypoxemia during sleep. The effect of heavy smoking cannot be evaluated. Further work on hematological adaptation to high altitude must pay special attention to sample characteristics.

Non-invasive assessment of cardiac output and stroke volume in patients during exercise. Evaluation of a CO2-rebreathing method.

A one-step CO2 rebreathing method for the determination of cardiac output and stroke volume (SV) has been evaluated by comparison with the direct Fick technique during recumbent exercise (10-90 W) in 13 patients. In an initial analysis, the influence of different rebreathing times and of correction for haemoglobin concentration was studied. The best correlation with the direct Fick technique was obtained with the longest analysis time, i.e. 21 s, and correction for variations in haemoglobin concentration further improved the correlation. Consequently, an analysis time of 21 s and correction for haemoglobin have been used. At low cardiac outputs, the CO2-rebreathing method overestimated the flow compared to the Fick technique. The correlation between the methods, however, was so good that a valid estimate of cardiac output could be obtained from the CO2 rebreathing method with appropriate corrections (Cardiac output, CO2 method = 2.7 + 0.77. Cardiac output, Fick; r = 0.91; Residual Standard deviation (SD res) = 0.77 l X min-1). Stroke volumes measured with the CO2 rebreathing method did not differ significantly from those obtained with the direct Fick technique, although there was a tendency to overestimate stroke volume with the CO2 rebreathing method (SV, CO2 method = 12 + 0.89 X SV, Fick; r = 0.82; SD res = 11 ml).

Comparative study of the erythrocytes and haemoglobins in nototheniid fishes from Antarctica

The blood of seven Antarctic nototheniid species and representatives from three other families contained low haemoglobin concentrations compared with non‐polar marine teleosts. Haematocrit values were slightly lower than values from other teleosts, while haemoglobin and erythrocyte counts were substantially reduced by comparison. Interspecific variation in haemoglobin concentration seemed to be a function of activity level. Mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration of all Antarctic species was strikingly low by comparison with species from lower latitudes and was not correlated with the habits of the species. Haemoglobin componentry was compared using celluslose‐acetate electrophoresis and, unlike many temperate species, only one major haemoprotein was isolated from each benthic species, but four components were evident in the pelagic species Trematomus borchgrevinki. The possible functional significance of these findings was discussed in relation to the ecology of each species.

Photometric determination of glycosylation of hemoglobin in diabetes mellitus.

We evaluated glycosylation of hemoglobin (HbA + HbA1) in 25 control subjects and in 133 diabetic patients who were in various stages of blood glucose control, by measuring ketoamine-linked hexoses in hemoglobin. These hexoses were converted by digestion with 10 mol/L acetic acid for 16 h at 100 +/- 5 degrees C to 5-hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde, which was quantitated by reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid. Glycosylation of hemoglobin was expressed as micromoles of hydroxymethylfurfuraldehyde per gram of globin protein (the "HMF index"). A mean HMF index of 1.67 (SD = 0.23) was obtained for controls; that for diabetic patients was 2.93 (SD 0.95). The index correlated well (r = 0.83, p < 0.001) with average blood glucose concentration as measured during the preceding 16 weeks, over a wide range of glucose values (1 to 6 g/L). It correlated even better (r = 0.92, p < 0.001) when corrected for variations in hemoglobin concentration. Thus measurement of ketoamine-linked hexoses of hemoglobin or HMF index provides an independent and useful alternative to the currently used methods that measure only HbA1 or HbA1c.

Effects of altitude on selected blood parameters in populations of the salamander Ambystoma macrodactylum

1. 1. Adult long-toed salamanders were collected from three sites ranging in elevation from 420 to 2470 m and acclimated at 800 and 2400 m. 2. 2. Variations in hemoglobin concentration (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) among populations were analyzed. 3. 3. Differences among populations were significant in the 800 m acclimation group but not those acclimated at 2400 m. 4. 4. Significant increases in Hct were associated with acclimation at a higher elevation but concurrent increases in Hb were not observed.