Variation In Coping Strategies Research Articles

Parenting Amid Shadows: Exploring the Child-Rearing Experiences of Wives of Individuals With Alcohol Use Disorder.

The pervasive impact of alcohol use disorder (AUD) within families, particularly on parenting roles in Kerala, India, necessitates an in-depth exploration. This study aims to uncover the unique challenges and coping strategies employed by wives of individuals with AUD against a backdrop of societal stigma and economic hardship. This study, employing a qualitative narrative research design, delves into the experiences of 30 wives of men with AUD in Kerala. The study delves into the complexities of navigating parenting responsibilities amid challenges related to AUD, employing in-depth interviews with the aid of a semi-structured interview guide conducted in Malayalam.​​​​​The researchers used narrative analysis to extract the themes related to coping mechanisms, resilience, and the impact on children's psychological health. The study highlights significant emotional and social burdens on wives, including solo parenting, financial strain, and social stigma. Despite these challenges, the resilience and adaptive strategies of these women stand out, with extended family support, community resources, and personal beliefs playing crucial roles in their coping mechanisms. The study points out variations in coping strategies across different socio-economic and educational backgrounds. The findings underscore the necessity for comprehensive support systems sensitive to the socio-demographic differences among families affected by AUD. Tailored interventions that enhance access to professional support, foster community solidarity, and provide economic assistance are critical. Moreover, efforts to reduce stigma and promote understanding are essential for improving the psychological health and overall quality of life of these families.

Coping Strategies for Work-Family Conflict among Working Housewives in Cipatujah Village, Tasikmalaya Regency, Indonesia

This research addresses the escalating phenomenon of working mothers in Indonesia, particularly in Cipatujah Village, Tasikmalaya Regency. With nearly 30 percent of married women engaged in employment, the study focuses on the work-family conflict experienced by these working housewives and aims to uncover their coping strategies. The literature review emphasizes the scarcity of research on coping efforts from the perspective of working women, particularly in developing country contexts like Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, the study explores the experiences of six working homemakers managing dual roles through observation, interviews, and document analysis. The findings reveal diverse types of work-family conflict, including time-based, strain-based, and behavior-based conflicts. The coping strategies employed by these housewives vary, encompassing problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping, and a combination of both. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing nuanced insights into the challenges faced by working housewives in a specific rural context. The variations in coping strategies underscore the importance of recognizing individual differences and the complexity of work and family contexts. The study advocates for tailored support systems and policies, considering cultural values and grassroots-level experiences. In conclusion, this research contributes to a comprehensive understanding of coping mechanisms for work-family conflict among working mothers in Indonesia, offering valuable implications for policymakers and future research endeavors.

A community-based cross-sectional study on stressors and gender differences in coping strategies among primary caregivers of cardiovascular disease in the capital city of India, New Delhi

Apart from the impact on mortality rates, CVDs often present as chronic conditions, adding to the stress of caregiving to their caregivers. Males and females cope differently with the stressors in general. In this study, we aim to investigate the gender-based variations in coping strategies among primary caregivers of individuals with CVD.: A sample size of 384 households was selected using systematic random sampling for the study and household was the primary sampling unit. The information was collected regarding the stressors and various coping strategies utilized by primary caregivers to navigate different stressors. Out of the total 384 caregivers, stressors were found in 347 caregivers who were then studied for coping strategies. Among primary caregivers, the proportion of women (58%) was more than men (42%)Planful problem-solving (85.9%) was found to be the most commonly preferred coping strategy among both genders, with no significant association. Among other problem-oriented coping strategies, men caregivers reported using confrontive coping more frequently. While assessing emotion-focused coping strategies, Accepting responsibility (77.5%), Self-controlling (68.9%), Positive appraisal strategy (61.4%) and Distancing (36.3%) were found more likely to be adopted by women. Seeking social support (69%), both problem-focused and emotion-focused coping strategies were found more among women caregivers.By implementing gender-sensitive approaches, we can better support caregivers and help them navigate the challenges of caregiving for individuals with cardiovascular diseases.

Gender Variations in Coping Strategies for Challenges Faced by University Students

The present study endeavors to cast a glance at gender differences in university
 students’ coping strategies. For young people, stepping into university represents a
 time of transformation. Students experience this phase, encounter a wide variety of
 new challenges, and suffer several psychosocial and mental health problems. To address
 issues and make an effort to overcome challenges, university students use different
 strategies for coping. In this study, challenges were identified through open-ended
 questions, and coping strategies were assessed through a brief COPE inventory (Carver,
 1997). A total of 50 undergraduate students were selected from a state university through
 purposeful sampling. Interesting findings showed that there were considerable gender
 disparities in terms of coping strategies. Further analysis was done domain-wise by
 using the mean, standard deviation, and t-test, and strong gender differences emerged
 in five domains: humor, emotional support, venting, instrumental support, and religion.
 This study would act as a base to plan interventions in universities for developing
 adaptive coping strategies in students.

Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Skills of Out-of-Field Physical Education Teachers as Mediated by Self-Efficacy

This study aims to discern the challenges, coping strategies, and skills utilized by out-of-field teachers handling MAPEH subjects to determine self-efficacy mediates the relationship between the Challenges, coping strategies, and skills. The respondents rated moderate agreement on their challenges from initial to novice teachers. Moderate agreement assessment of the respondents on their challenges regarding ongoing teaching-learning. The assessment of the respondents as to the challenges they encountered in terms of professional development was verbally interpreted as moderately agree. The agreement from the respondents on their coping strategies utilized as to content knowledge. The respondents agreed that they utilize the indicated coping strategies. The respondents agreed that they utilized careful guidance as one of the strategies as out-of-field teachers. The respondents agreed on attentive leadership as a strategy for the out-of-field teacher. The assessment of the respondents on their human skills was verbally interpreted as agreeing. The hard skill is interpreted as agreed by the respondents. The overall level of the respondents' performance in terms of self-efficacy is verbally interpreted as agreed. There is a significant relationship between coping strategies and self-efficacy variables. On the one hand, a moderate to strong relationship is seen between variables. Thus the research null hypothesis is rejected. There is a significant relationship between coping strategies and performance variables. A moderate to strong relationship was seen between variables; hence, the research null hypothesis is partially sustained. Findings revealed that Self-Efficacy constructs do not mediate the relationship between Challenges and Performance. On the other hand, Self-Efficacy could explain the variations in Coping Strategies and Performance Scores. It led to the acceptance of the research null hypothesis.

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training of postgraduate year 1 doctors in Singapore.

Psychological impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on training of postgraduate year 1 doctors in Singapore.

Selected personality traits as predictors of coping flexibility in a group of officers of the State Fire Service

The flexibility in coping with stress is a new construct in Europe, which allows for a more insightful understanding of individual coping mechanisms, perceived as a process of continuous search for more effective solutions. An individual who is capable of coping with stress in a flexible way, notices the lack of effectiveness of some methods of coping, seeks new solutions, has a wide repertoire of coping strategies, as well as shows reflexivity to see the lack of effectiveness in coping. The profession of a firefighter is characterized by a high level of stress, so people performing this profession should be aware of the remedial actions undertaken and their actual effectiveness. Altogether, 163 officers of the State Fire Service were examined. The following questionnaires were used in the study: the Polish adaptation of the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy (IVE) Questionnaire, the Coping Flexibility Questionnaire (Polish name: Kwestionariusz elastyczności w radzeniu sobie ze stresem - KERS-14), and a personal survey. Firefighters with more risky attitudes were found to display greater flexibility in coping, in terms of having a wider repertoire and variability in the applied strategies. In the case of officers with the shortest service period (< 9 years), the lower level of empathy was associated with a higher variability of coping strategies, while in officers with the longest service period (> 14 years), the level of variation in coping strategies correlated positively with the level of empathy. Risk taking propensity is an important predictor of flexibility in coping. The service period is a moderator (at the level of statistical tendency) of the relationship between empathy and flexibility in coping, especially in the field of variability in the use of coping strategies. Med Pr. 2019;70(5):555-65.

Socioeconomic status and health shocks; analysis of coping strategies in rural households of Enugu State, Nigeria

Background: Health burden in rural areas of developing countries is worsened by the limited coverage of health insurance. With constrained access to quality healthcare and constituting two thirds of Nigeria’s poor, this study investigates how rural households cope with health shocks consequent on their socioeconomic status. Method: Data was collected from 600 households in Enugu using a questionnaire. Cross-tabulation, chi square and multiple regression statistical techniques were employed for data analysis. Findings: About 53% of the respondents were male household-heads while borrowing (47.65%), sales of assets (43.85%), diversion of funds (2.00%) and reduced expenditure (6.48%) were the main coping strategies. Education, occupation, and income statistically influenced the coping strategies (P < 0.005) and jointly accounted for 26.5% (R2 = 0.265, P < 0.001) of the variations in coping strategies. Conclusion: Having a rural healthcare policy and mainstreaming the informal sector into the national health insurance scheme will ameliorate health shocks among the rural poor.

Coping response to same stressors varies with gender

Background: Stress is unavoidable, but the way one responds to same stressor depends on the gender. These responses are called coping strategies and broadly it can be either problem or emotion focused. Aim and Objectives: To determine the prevalence of stress in young adults and to determine the common coping strategies used by a male and a female. Materials and Methods: Cohen’s perceived stress scale to estimate the prevalence of stress and a pre-structured, pretested questionnaire for determining the gender variation in coping strategies. Results: About 84.7% were under moderate or high stress and coping strategies showed that females used more emotion focused while males had a problem-focused approach. Conclusion: The institution as well as the mentors should have an idea about the stressors as well as the maladaptive strategies used by a young adult so as they can educate and help them to reduce the stress.

Coping With Workplace Bullying Through NAVER: Effects of LMX Relational Concerns and Cultural Differences

Workplace bullying inevitably has grave individual and organizational consequences, including lowered morale and productivity. Given such negative consequences, this study explored five coping strategies: neglect, acquiescence, voice, exit, and retribution (NAVER). This research examined the extent to which relational concerns such as leader-member exchanges (LMXs) and cultural variations (the United States and Singapore) affect use of the five coping strategies after controlling for actual exposure to workplace bullying, gender, and age. Findings indicated that the quality of LMX significantly influence the strategic use of acquiescence, exit, and retribution. No significant cultural variation in coping strategies was detected. LMX quality and actual experience of workplace bullying were the strongest determinants for the use of all coping strategies but exit.

Social policies during economic crises: an analysis of cross-national variation in coping strategies from 1980 to 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between economic crises and social policy change for 13 European countries. Based on the degree of policy expansion and dismantling, we identify three potential crisis-coping strategies, namely ‘Muddling Through’, ‘Social Protectionism’ and ‘Austerity’. By means of multinomial logistic regression analysis, we test the effect of various factors on governments’ choice of crisis-coping strategies for 45 economic crises between 1980 and 2013. Our analysis reveals that Austerity becomes a more likely scenario in crisis times. Moreover, we demonstrate that governments in consensual systems do not deviate from their true policy preferences when facing economic hardship. In majoritarian systems, by contrast, this pattern is strikingly reversed. Here, left-wing governments resort to Austerity, while right-wing parties opt for Social Protectionism. This indicates that both blame avoidance and the capabilities to mediate unpopular reform decisi...

Social policies during economic crises: an analysis of cross-national variation in coping strategies from 1980 to 2013

ABSTRACTThis paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the relationship between economic crises and social policy change for 13 European countries. Based on the degree of policy expansion and dismantling, we identify three potential crisis-coping strategies, namely ‘Muddling Through’, ‘Social Protectionism’ and ‘Austerity’. By means of multinomial logistic regression analysis, we test the effect of various factors on governments’ choice of crisis-coping strategies for 45 economic crises between 1980 and 2013. Our analysis reveals that Austerity becomes a more likely scenario in crisis times. Moreover, we demonstrate that governments in consensual systems do not deviate from their true policy preferences when facing economic hardship. In majoritarian systems, by contrast, this pattern is strikingly reversed. Here, left-wing governments resort to Austerity, while right-wing parties opt for Social Protectionism. This indicates that both blame avoidance and the capabilities to mediate unpopular reform decisions can convert political parties from ‘Saul to Paul’ and vice versa.

The Socioeconomic Implications among People Living with HIV/AIDS in Sudan: Challenges and Coping Strategies.

To determine the socioeconomic impacts among HIV-infected persons in Sudan and examine whether there are significant variations in coping strategies between infected men and women, a primary survey was conducted among infected persons (n = 555). Discriminant function was used to analyze the data. We found significant variation in the coping strategies (<.001). HIV/AIDS impacts were more critical for women. Infected people have 3 alternatives in coping with the changes in their income and expenditure, that is, borrow, utilize savings, or sell assets. Policy makers should consider economic information in planning health care to mitigate the impacts and remove the gender gap.

The Social Cognition of Gifted Adolescents in Schools

A study of the effects of schooling on the social cognition of gifted adolescents is reported. A student attitude questionnaire (SAQ) exploring the cognitive behavioral strategies utilized to manage the stigma of giftedness was developed after conducting phenomenological interviews of fifteen gifted adolescents attending the Tennessee Governor’s Schools (Coleman &amp; Cross, 1988). The questionnaire asked subjects to respond to six scenarios described as potentially stigmatizing events during the normal school day. Five common strategies noted during the interviews were provided as options in each of the scenarios. The data reported herein are based on the responses of 1,465 students over a two-year period. The patterns of responses suggested that gifted adolescents utilize the five strategies to differing degrees across situations. Situations most closely associated with test performance seemed to elicit the greatest variation in coping strategies, while those primarily reflecting social situations showed a consistently narrow range of strategies. The “placate” coping strategy was the most frequently used across the school-based scenarios.

Defining chronic cancer: patient experiences and self-management needs

ObjectiveChronic cancer is poorly defined and strategies for supporting patients during this disease phase are lacking. This research defines chronic cancer, explores patient experiences and reviews patients' support needs against...

Defining chronic cancer: patient experiences and self-management needs

ObjectiveChronic cancer is poorly defined and strategies for supporting patients during this disease phase are lacking. This research defines chronic cancer, explores patient experiences and reviews patients' support needs against...

Individual variation in swimming depth and growth in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) subjected to submergence in sea-cages

Large individual variation exists in the coping repertoire of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in response to environmental changes in sea-cages. We compared the growth and behaviour of individual salmon within and between submerged (no surface access) and standard cages (with surface access serving as controls). Using high resolution data storage tags (DSTs) and measures of individual growth rates, we determined if behavioural outcomes differed among individuals. Two commercial-scale experiments involving different challenges were conducted; one with 0.5kg salmon (n=3800), submerged below 4m for 22days with 24h continuous light, and the other with 4kg salmon (n=2300) submerged below 10m for 42days with natural light. Shallow, short submergences with constant underwater illumination resulted in a diurnal swimming depth pattern similar to control fish, although with slightly less variation among individual swimming depths at night and more variation during the day. Individuals with highest growth rates tended to swim deeper at night at end of the period of submergence. Salmon exposed to longer, deeper and dark submergence conditions displayed more irregular diurnal swimming patterns. Large variations in coping strategies were evident, likely as a result of differing levels of negative buoyancy among fish, possibly caused by deflated swim bladders. Submerged individuals with high growth rates swam either with a large amplitude diurnal cycle, or deeper during the day compared to fish with lower growth rates. Short-term, illuminated and shallow submergence resulted in low variation in swimming depth compared to the control fish, indicating that it did not compromise welfare. However, the more challenging deep, dark and long-term submergence with large differences in individual coping styles and shifts in diurnal swimming patterns compared to control fish, suggest compromised welfare for individual fish that coped poorly. Submerged farming can be a new method of culturing salmon only if the negative buoyancy caused by gas leakage from the swim bladder is avoided.

The dynamics of vulnerability: locating coping strategies in Kenya and Tanzania

We investigate how smallholder farmers at two sites in Kenya and Tanzania cope with climate stress and how constraints and opportunities shape variations in coping strategies between households and over time during a drought. On the basis of this analysis, we draw out implications for adaptation and adaptive policy. We find that households where an individual was able to specialize in one favoured activity, such as employment or charcoal burning, in the context of overall diversification by the household, were often less vulnerable than households where each individual is engaged in many activities at low intensity. Many households had limited access to the favoured coping options due to a lack of skill, labour and/or capital. This lack of access was compounded by social relations that led to exclusion of certain groups, especially women, from carrying out favoured activities with sufficient intensity. These households instead carried out a multitude of less favoured and frequently complementary activities, such as collecting indigenous fruit. While characterized by suitability to seasonal environmental variations and low demands on time and cash investments, these strategies often yielded marginal returns. Both the marginalization of local niche products and the commercialization of forest resources exemplify processes leading to differential vulnerability. We suggest that vulnerability can usefully be viewed in terms of the interaction of such processes, following the concept of locality. We argue that coping is a distinct component of vulnerability and that understanding the dynamism of coping and vulnerability is critical to developing adaptation measures that support people as active agents.

In times of plenty and times of scarcity: Nondomesticated food in northeastern Thailand

In subsistence‐based societies, daily activities are directed by food procurement, but food is not usually regarded as a given; food shortages can be a threat or a reality. Seasonal variations are the most common type of shortage; however, other factors may also affect food availability. Using focus‐group discussions in conjunction with semi‐structured interviews and participant observations, how villagers in northeastern Thailand cope with seasonal stress and famine conditions was investigated. This paper presents the use of nondomesticated food and variation in coping strategies used during periods of food scarcity in this region. Seasonal scarcity and threat of famine were both identified with specific diet‐related indicators, and nondomesticated food resources continued to be important sources of food during normal times as well as in periods of food stress. However, variation existed among age and gender groups in terms of specific practices, life experiences, and knowledge. Decreasing availability of nondomesticated food resources and significant social changes are leading to increased reliance on wage labor and other cash‐producing strategies for food acquisition.

Coping with different concerns: Consistency and variation in coping strategies used by adolescents

This study set out to determine the relationship between those things which are of concern to adolescents, and the ways in which young people cope with these concerns. One hundred and seventy-eight senior students from five postprimary schools in metropolitan Melbourne, Australia, completed a checklist designed to measure coping. They did this three times, once for each of three identified domains of concern, namely Achievement and Relationship concerns and Social Issues. The analysis of their coping patterns indicates that regardless of the problem, students have a stable hierarchy of preferred coping strategies which are in the repertoire of most, if not all, students. Nevertheless, significant differences were found in the way students cope with different concerns, the most general finding being that Social Issues concerns were managed in a different way to Achievement and Relationship issues. These findings support a conceptualisation of coping which includes a general style of coping which is not problem specific as well as a component which is specific to a problem.