Psychological Well-being Variables Research Articles

Millennial Employees’ Performance: The Role of Psychological Well-being and Work Engagement

This study aims to determine the effect of psychological well-being and work engagement partially and simultaneously on the performance of millennial generation employees. The method use a quantitative approach. Sampling using non-probability sampling technique through google form with a total of 367 millennial generation employee respondents who work in Jabodetabek. The psychological well-being was measured by Ryff's Psychological Well-being (RPWB) - NFSH totaling 18 items. Work engagement was measured by Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-9 (UWES-9) with a total of 9 items. Employee performance was measured by Individual Work Performance Questionnaire (IWPQ) totaling 18 items. Data processing using Jamovi 2.4 software with multiple linear regression models. Hypothesis testing results show that psychological well-being variables has no effect on employee performance. While the work engagement variable has a positive effect on employee performance. Simultaneously, psychological well-being and work engagement have positive effect on employee performance of millennial generation in Jabodetabek by 6,55%.

Caregivers' Burden and Mental Health of the Caregivers of β-Major Thalassemia Patients: Mediating Role of Religious Coping

Background: Caregiver burden among those caring for patients with thalassemia major in Pakistan poses significant psychological challenges. The role of religious coping mechanisms in alleviating psychological distress and enhancing well-being among caregivers has been highlighted in prior research, suggesting a complex interplay between caregiver strain, coping strategies, and mental health outcomes. Objective: This study aims to investigate the relationships between caregiver burden, positive religious coping, and mental health outcomes, specifically psychological well-being and distress, among caregivers of thalassemia patients in the Twin cities of Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Methods: Employing a cross-sectional design, the study included 180 caregivers of thalassemia patients, recruited through non-probability purposive sampling from major thalassemia centers and hospitals in Islamabad and Rawalpindi. Data were collected using the Zarit Caregiver’s Burden Scale, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, and the Mental Health Inventory. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was utilized to analyze the data, using SPSS and AMOS software, with a focus on the mediating role of positive religious coping between caregiver burden and mental health outcomes. Results: The analysis revealed that caregiver burden significantly predicted the use of positive religious coping (β = .32, p < .001) and was negatively associated with psychological well-being (β = -.33, p < .001) while positively associated with psychological distress (β = .23, p < .01). Positive religious coping positively influenced psychological well-being (β = .28, p < .01) and negatively influenced psychological distress (β = -.21, p < .05). The model explained 38.2% of the variance in psychological well-being and 34.1% in psychological distress. Conclusion: The findings underscore the significant impact of caregiver burden on the mental health of caregivers, with positive religious coping serving as a beneficial mediating factor. Enhancing positive religious coping among caregivers may be a viable intervention strategy to improve their mental health outcomes.

Factors Predicting Psychological Well-being among Survivors of Breast Cancer in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Thailand

Objective: The primary aim of this study was to examine predicting the effect of stress, social support, self-efficacy, and resilience on psychological well-being in breast cancer survivors Materials and Methods: This predictive analysis for the descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted by the theoretical underpinning of resilience and population consisted of eligible breast cancer survivors receiving care at an outpatient clinic within a tertiary hospital setting. The data collecting was proceeded through self-administered questionnaires in line with convenient sampling. The analytical approach encompassed descriptive statistics, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and multiple linear regression. Results: Emanating from the study included the recruitment of 123 participants, with stress, social support, and resilience collectively elucidating 43% of the variance in psychological well-being among breast cancer survivors. Notably, resilience emerged as the most influential predictor (β=.33), followed by stress (β=-.27) and social support (β=.26), all of which significantly contributed to the prediction of psychological well-being. Conclusion: Resilience, stress, and social support were three predictors of psychological well-being among survivors of breast cancer in this study. Recommendations extend to the integration of strategies that foster resilience and social support, while concurrently mitigating stress levels through activities and programs aimed at augmenting the psychological well-being of breast cancer survivors in the future.

Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Compassion and Wellbeing in Ambulance Staff

Objective
 Ambulance staff are at increased risk of negative wellbeing outcomes, though there is a lack of research into their wellbeing. This study aims to explore the relationship between emotional intelligence and self-compassion, two factors related to positive wellbeing in other populations, and the professional quality of life and psychological wellbeing of ambulance staff.
 Methods
 A within-participants cross-sectional survey was completed with UK ambulance staff. Data were collected via an anonymous online survey on participants’ demographics, emotional intelligence, self-compassion (separated into the subscales of self-coldness and self-kindness), compassion fatigue and compassion satisfaction, and psychological wellbeing. The relationships between variables were first explored using Pearson’s r correlational analyses. Then three hierarchical multiple regressions were used to explore what predicted the outcome variables of compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction and psychological wellbeing.
 Results
 146 ambulance staff completed the survey. Emotional intelligence and self-kindness correlated negatively with compassion fatigue, while self-coldness correlated positively with compassion fatigue; emotional intelligence and self-kindness correlated positively with both compassion satisfaction and psychological wellbeing, and self-coldness correlated negatively with compassion satisfaction and psychological wellbeing. In hierarchical multiple regression analyses, compassion fatigue was significantly predicted by greater self-coldness and years of experience; compassion satisfaction was predicted by greater emotional intelligence and fewer years of experience; and psychological wellbeing was predicted by greater emotional intelligence and lower self-coldness.
 Conclusions
 The findings indicated that emotional intelligence and self-coldness can predict aspects of professional and psychological wellbeing in ambulance staff. Self-kindness does not predict wellbeing in models with age, years of experience, emotional intelligence, and self-coldness. This suggests that enhancing emotional intelligence and reducing self-coldness could be targets in interventions to support ambulance staff wellbeing.

The relationship between sports interest and psychological well-being towards procrastination of students at Senior High School 1 Muntilan

Academic Procrastination is an alarming phenomenon in education sector nowadays. It would be a big obstacle in the learning process especially for high school students. The aim of this research is to understand the influence and relationship between the interest of doing physical exercises and psychological well-being to procrastination. The population of this research were 355 students of XI grade of SMAN 1 Muntilan.Using purposive sampling, 101 students were obtained as the sample. Data analysis technique using product moment correlation and linear regression with the interest in doing physical exercises (X1) and psychological well-being (X2) as independent variables, and procrastination (Y) as the dependent variable. The results show that almost all of students (80%) have a trend to do academic procrastination. This is shown by 67.3% of students having moderate procrastination and 16.8% of students having high procrastination behavior. There is a negative correlation between the interest in doing physical exercises and psychological well-being with procrastination, where the correlation coefficients are −0.554 and −0.164, respectively. A negative correlation can be interpreted if an increase in one variable is associated with a decrease in another variable in this context, namely when the physical exercise and psychological well-being variables increase, there is a decrease in students' tendency to engage in procrastination behavior. Meanwhile in regression analysis with 5% significant level shows only interest of doing physical exercises that significant influencing procrastination with p-value = 0.000.

The Relationship and Predictability Between Positive Affect and Psychological Well-Being Among 12 Years-Old Children From 29 Countries

This study investigates the role of Positive Affect as a predictor of Psychological Well-Being in 43,653 12-year-old children from 29 countries, using a Structural Equation Model. The model’s potential gender and nationality equivalences were also examined. Data was sourced from the International Child Well-Being Survey. The ‘happy’ item was found to be the most effective in capturing the Positive Affect construct, with Psychological Well-Being showing moderately high levels. A strong positive correlation was observed between Positive Affect and Psychological Well-Being, with Positive Affect explaining 70.1% of the variance in Psychological Well-Being. The model proved invariant at the metric level across countries and at the strict level between genders. In conclusion, Positive Affect is a significant predictor of Psychological Well-Being, though cultural factors contributed to country-specific variations.

Psychological well-being and factors affecting it after the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic has enormously impacted human activity worldwide, partly due to many governments issuing stay-at-home orders and limiting the types of social interactions citizens can engage in. Hence, this study investigated psychological well-being and factors affecting it after the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 345 participants were recruited in the study. This research was conducted between February and May 2023 in Sarab, East Azerbaijan, Iran. To measure the data, valid and reliable instruments of Goldberg's General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), Multidimensional Health Locus of Control (MHLC), interpersonal support evaluation list (ISEL-SF), and health-protective behaviors checklist instrument were used. According to the results, health locus of control (r = 0.227; p < 0.001), social support (r = 0.339; p < 0.001), and COVID-19 preventive behaviors (r = 0.376; p < 0.001) were positively correlated with psychological well-being. The strongest correlation was observed between psychological well-being and protective behaviors (r = 0.376; p < 0.001). In the hierarchical regression model, total, demographic characteristics along with health locus of control, social support, covid-19 preventive behaviors, and history of COVID-19 infection were able to explain 57.4% of the variation in psychological well-being. Public healthcare providers' and policymakers' preventive and supportive actions are highly advised for promoting health locus of control and social support in adults after the COVID-19 pandemic. In addition, it is better to include a community's social and environmental changes.

Functions of music, focused on the context of music listening, and psychological well-being in late adolescence regarding gender differences.

Late adolescences, as a developmentally challenging transitional period between childhood and adulthood, provides a number of pressures that impact well-being of youth. Among approaches for facilitating well-being, music is reported to be one of the most effective ones, which was especially proven during Covid-19 pandemic. Given the significance of music and music listening in late adolescence, our study sought to examine the relationship between psychological well-being and music listening among university students (N = 603; Nfemale = 356, Nmale = 247) with a focus on the social, intrapersonal, and sociocultural context of music listening. The RESPECT music scale, the SPWB, and the PANAS were used to measure positive and negative affect as well as the six components of psychological well-being. The findings revealed that, while there were no gender differences in the sociocultural setting, females reported to listen to music more frequently than males in intrapersonal and social contexts. In two areas, female students rated their psychological well-being higher than male students: personal growth and positive relationships with others. They also reported experiencing positive and negative affect more frequently than men. Regression analyses revealed that the functions of music explained only a small amount of the variance in psychological well-being. Specifically, music listening in a social and sociocultural context significantly explained two aspects of psychological well-being: personal growth and positive relations with others. The intrapersonal context of music listening predicted a positive affect, while the social context predicted a negative affect. Our study highlights several implications of music listening in youth regarding gender either in everyday activities or in educational and clinical setting.

CAREGIVERS’ PERCEPTION DISCREPANCY IN THE CAREGIVING CONTEXT: THE IMPACT ON PSYCHOLOGICAL WELL-BEING

Abstract Guided by the social exchange perspective, caregiving involves a reciprocal exchange in which caregiver perceptions influence a bevy of positive and negative outcomes. Positive perceptions correspond with enhanced psychological well-being (Ejem et al., 2018; Call et al., 1999). However, those who perform high levels of care but feel undervalued may experience poorer psychological well-being compared to those who perform lower levels of care but feel appreciated (Nah et al., 2022). The matrix of outcomes, contingent on the balance of performance and appreciation, highlights how perception discrepancies in the caregiving context can explain variations in psychological well-being among caregivers. In this study, we examine the psychological well-being of caregivers in four distinct groups based on their caregiving activities (high/low) and their perceived appreciation (high/low) of their efforts from care recipients. We analyze 2,096 informal caregivers who were included from Round 5 of the National Study of Caregiving (NSOC). Utilizing an analysis of covariance, the results indicate that high activity caregivers with low perceived appreciation had poorer psychological well-being than other groups. Additionally, caregivers with low caregiving activities and high perceived appreciation have higher psychological well-being than caregivers with high care activity and high perceived appreciation. These findings highlight the significance of perceived appreciation from care recipients for improving psychological well-being of caregivers.

Dynamic Ambidexterity, Organizational Culture, and Psychological Well-Being: A New Direction Toward Problem-Solving Creativity

Purpose: The organizational environment changes dynamically, sometimes beneficially and sometimes not. When the situation is uncertain and decisions must be made quickly, problem-solving creativity becomes crucial. This study aimed to empirically determine the effect of dynamic ambidexterity and organizational culture on problem-solving creativity by moderating psychological well-being variables with or without moderation. Design/methodology/approach: This research was conducted at businesses in the Yogyakarta area, with 300 employees as a sample. The data was obtained by distributing questionnaires online. The collected data is then processed with SPSS to test the validity, reliability, and descriptive analysis for each research variable. Meanwhile, SEM analyses the causal relationship according to the proposed hypothesis. Findings: The results show that dynamic ambidexterity and organizational culture significantly affect problem-solving creativity. Analysis of causal relationships involving moderating psychological well-being variables moderates the negative influence of dynamic ambidexterity and organizational culture on problem-solving creativity. Conclusion: The moderating variable of Psychological Welfare weakens the influence of Dynamic Ambidextrous Organizational Culture on Problem Solving Creativity. This conclusion provides implications for practical policies regarding the empirical role of Dynamic Ambidextrous Dynamics, Organizational Culture, and Psychological Welfare in efforts to strengthen Problem-Solving Creativity owned by employees.

Physical activity, psychological well-being, and physiological variables in university administrative staff

Objective: To describe and analyze the physical activity, psychological well-being, and physiological variables of employees in a higher education institution in Colombia. Methods: A total of 90 participants were included, divided into 2 groups: women (n=45) and men (n=45). Validated instruments were used to measure levels of physical activity (IPAQ-SF), psychological well-being (PGWBI), and other measurement instruments for physiological variables. Results: The main findings reported correlations between systolic and diastolic hypertension with certain dimensions of psychological well-being and body composition variables, with the highest trend of hypertension being more commonly found in men over 41 years of age than in women. Univariate and multivariate comparison tests did not find significant differences between the study factors (gender, physical activity, PGWBIS, etc.). Conclusions: Men have a higher predisposition to hypertension, and we assert that men have significantly higher averages of hypertension in both systolic and diastolic levels. The association between gender and systolic hypertension also showed a greater tendency in men. Future studies are needed to explore the causal relationship between psychological dimensions and morphophysiological variables in individuals who work daily at university centers, such as office or administrative staff. Keywords: lifestyle, psychological dimensions, body state.

A Meta-Analysis of Pyschological Capital and Psychological Well-Being: Testing on Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Self-Acceptance

Psychological well-being is variable that's considered suitable to discuss happiness because psychological well-being belongs to the realm of positive psychology that requires the development of positive emotions to ensure individuals have optimal functions and experiences. This study aims to deeply understand the psychological capital and psychological well-being relationships by conducting meta-analysis testing. Data collection in this study followed the Preferred Reporting for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA). The sources or databases of research articles used are Proquest, Psycnet, Emerald, and Google Scholar. The search is carried out from April to May 2021. These results showed the relationship between psychological capital and psychological well-being variables in the moderate and firm positive categories. The effect size included in the moderate and significant positive groups through the analysis process. When viewing the dimensional relationship on both variables, the dimension of self-acceptance in psychological well-being has the strongest relationship with the psychological capital variable. To consider the existence of moderation or intervening variables that affect the relationship of the two variables. Meanwhile, for organization management, the need to pay attention to the psychological capital variables of employees that can be a predictor for their psychological well-being to produce optimal productivity and performance results.

The Effect of Job Satisfaction on Psychological Well-Being for Taiwanese Home-Care Workers, Mediated by Emotional Labor.

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of job satisfaction on psychological well-being through emotional labor for Taiwanese home-care workers. A total of 316 home-care workers who worked in Chiayi, Taiwan, were recruited in this study. Most of the participants were Taiwanese (96.5%). The mean age of the participants was 42.05 ± 12.15 years, and the participants were predominantly female (80%). The mean work experience was 5.64 ± 5.13 years. Job satisfaction, emotional labor, and psychological well-being were measured. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to examine the direct and indirect effects on job satisfaction, emotional labor, and psychological well-being. The results demonstrated that the internal factors of job satisfaction had indirect effects on psychological well-being through the mediating effects of surface acting and deep acting. However, it was also observed that the external factors of job satisfaction had indirect effects on psychological well-being through the mediating effect of surface acting but not deep acting. The model explained 57.6% of the variance in psychological well-being. The internal factors of job satisfaction are more important than the external factors affecting psychological well-being through the mediating effect of deep acting. Based on our results, we recommend enhancing the deep acting of emotional labor to improve the psychological well-being of Taiwanese home-care workers.

The Effect of Expressing Emotions on the Psychological Well-Being of Individuals Suffering From Chronic Musculoskeletal Diseases

Background and Objective: This study examines the effect of expressing emotions on the psychological well-being of individuals who have musculoskeletal disorders. Methods: This descriptive study was conducted with 111 individuals suffering from musculoskeletal diseases who were undergoing treatment in a university hospital in a metropolitan city in Turkey. Personal information forms, the Emotion Expression Scale, and Psychological Well-Being Scale were utilized in the research questionnaire. Results: A significant positive relationship was detected between expressing emotions and psychological well-being scores, and it was determined that expressing emotions positively influenced psychological well-being. Emotion expression accounted for 15.8 percent of psychological well-being (F=21.668, p&lt;0.001). It was also unearthed that there was a significant difference between the groups according to the variables of level of education, gender, marital status, family structure, personal history, and whether there was a history of illness in the family. The model explained 34.7% of the variance in psychological well-being (F=12.708, p&lt;0.001). In order of importance, expressing closeness (β=0.470; p&lt;0.001), a higher education level (β=0.249; p&lt;0.05), and expressing negative emotion (β=0.178, p&lt;0.05) variables positively predict psychological well-being. However, single marital status (β=-0.239, p&lt;0.05) predicts psychological well-being negatively. Conclusion: It has been observed that expressing emotions in musculoskeletal disorders contributes, albeit limited, to the level of psychological well-being. Accordingly, it is believed that encouraging individuals with musculoskeletal diseases to communicate their feelings with others or to express their feelings in various ways, providing supportive and reliable environments, and conducting therapeutic studies to increase their behaviors to express their feelings will contribute to patient care

Effect of educational program on the psychological challenges of electronic learning among university nursing students: a quasi-experimental study

The COVID-19 pandemic has precipitated a paradigm shift in educational methodologies worldwide, necessitating a swift transition to e-learning platforms. Consequently, nursing students pursuing university degrees have encountered unique obstacles as they adapt to the e-learning milieu. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an educational program on e-learning challenges for enhancing the psychological well-being of university nursing students. A quasi-experimental approach utilizing pretest–posttest evaluations was employed to appraise the program’s effects on diverse psychological well-being variables. In the initial phase, an extensive literature review was conducted to identify pertinent challenges encountered by nursing students regarding e-learning. Based on this review, an educational program was formulated to address these challenges and fostering psychological well-being. The participants consisted of 341 students who were selected from the Faculty of Nursing at Assiut University. To evaluate the impact of the program, multiple psychological well-being variables, such as anxiety levels, motivation, and satisfaction with the e-learning experience, were measured both before and after the intervention. Psychological challenges towards electronic learning questionnaires were utilized as data collection tools. This study endeavors to provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of the educational program in enhancing the psychological well-being of university nursing students. Here we show that by addressing these challenges and promoting psychological well-being, the educational program has the potential to contribute to the overall success and satisfaction of nursing students in their academic pursuits. Subsequent investigations should delve into the enduring repercussions of such programs and assess their efficacy in diverse academic fields.

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Purpose: The aim of this study to examine the relationship between different leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, considering the potential moderating effects of demographic factors. Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the Full Range Leadership Theory and the theory of psychological wellbeing, with the aim of understanding how different leadership styles may impact the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs. Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 328 women entrepreneurs in India. Data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between leadership styles, psychological wellbeing, and demographic factors. Results: The results indicated that transformational leadership was positively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p &lt; .001), while transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles were negatively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p = .021 and p &lt; .001, respectively). The overall regression model explained 25% of the variance in psychological wellbeing (F(3, 324) = 35.69, p &lt; .001). No significant moderating effects of demographic factors (age, education level, years of experience, and business size) on the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological wellbeing were found (all p &gt; .05). Conclusion: The findings suggest that transformational leadership is beneficial for the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, whereas transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles may have detrimental effects. The relationship between leadership styles and psychological wellbeing is consistent across different demographic factors, indicating the generalizability of the results. Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This study has several managerial implications, emphasizing the importance of transformational leadership in promoting psychological wellbeing among women entrepreneurs. Managers and organizations should invest in leadership development, create a supportive organizational culture, and prioritize employee wellbeing, performance management, talent retention, and diversity and inclusion initiatives to foster a conducive environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive. Originality/value: This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the influence of leadership styles on the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs and exploring potential moderating factors, providing novel insights into the factors that contribute to their success and wellbeing.

Influence of Leadership Styles of Women Entrepreneurs on their Psychological Wellbeing

Purpose: The aim of this study to examine the relationship between different leadership styles (transformational, transactional, and laissez-faire) and the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, considering the potential moderating effects of demographic factors.&#x0D; &#x0D; Theoretical framework: The study is grounded in the Full Range Leadership Theory and the theory of psychological wellbeing, with the aim of understanding how different leadership styles may impact the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs.&#x0D; &#x0D; Design/methodology/approach: A cross-sectional survey design was employed, utilizing a purposive sample of 328 women entrepreneurs in India. Data were collected using the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Multiple regression and moderation analyses were conducted to investigate the relationships between leadership styles, psychological wellbeing, and demographic factors.&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: The results indicated that transformational leadership was positively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p &lt; .001), while transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles were negatively and significantly associated with psychological wellbeing (p = .021 and p &lt; .001, respectively). The overall regression model explained 25% of the variance in psychological wellbeing (F(3, 324) = 35.69, p &lt; .001). No significant moderating effects of demographic factors (age, education level, years of experience, and business size) on the relationship between transformational leadership and psychological wellbeing were found (all p &gt; .05).&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: The findings suggest that transformational leadership is beneficial for the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs, whereas transactional and laissez-faire leadership styles may have detrimental effects. The relationship between leadership styles and psychological wellbeing is consistent across different demographic factors, indicating the generalizability of the results.&#x0D; &#x0D; Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: This study has several managerial implications, emphasizing the importance of transformational leadership in promoting psychological wellbeing among women entrepreneurs. Managers and organizations should invest in leadership development, create a supportive organizational culture, and prioritize employee wellbeing, performance management, talent retention, and diversity and inclusion initiatives to foster a conducive environment for women entrepreneurs to thrive.&#x0D; &#x0D; Originality/value: This study addresses a gap in the literature by examining the influence of leadership styles on the psychological wellbeing of women entrepreneurs and exploring potential moderating factors, providing novel insights into the factors that contribute to their success and wellbeing.

Impact of COVID-19 on Social and Psychological Well-Being of Workers in Construction Projects: A Comparative Analysis of Managers and Laborers

The COVID-19 pandemic brought challenges such as social distancing, health fears, reduced interaction, and increased stress for construction workers. Understanding their changing social and psychological states is crucial for effective management and performance. This study investigated the impact of the pandemic on the managers’ and laborers’ social and psychological well-being states and identified the changes in their social and psychological well-being states affecting project performance before and after the pandemic. Construction professionals, including construction managers, superintendents, and laborers, participated in a survey exploring thirteen social and psychological well-being variables and three performance variables. Data analysis involved paired t-tests and multiple regression. The findings revealed increased levels of anxiety and depression among both managers and laborers after the pandemic, with laborers more severely affected. Managers considered a broader range of variables, while laborers primarily focused on social factors influencing project performance. These disparities suggested that managers should prioritize health and safety measures, fair compensation, team cohesion, and stress management, while laborers’ motivation, work environment, knowledge acquisition, and sense of belonging should receive priority attention. This study contributes to providing managerial implications and guidance for improving the construction workforce, including managers’ and site laborers’ performance in the post-pandemic period.

The Relationship Between Peer Social Support and Psychological Well-Being of the Elderly in Surabaya

This study aims to determine the relationship between peer social support and psychological well-being in the elderly at Griya Wredha Jambangan Surabaya. This research is a type of quantitative research, using a saturated sampling method on the existing population, namely 152 elderly subjects at Griya Wreda Jambangan Surabaya. Data were collected using a psychological scale on the variables of peer social support and psychological well-being. The items on the scale were then tested for validity and reliability with the results of item validity moving from 0.659 to 0.864 out of 20 item items on the peer social support scale and item validity scores moving from 0.466 to 0.758 out of 28 item items on the psychological well-being instrument, so that can be used as a valid second instrument to use. The results of the scale reliability test obtained a score of 0.964 and 0.913 on the scale of peer social support and psychological well-being which were greater than &gt; 0.60, which means the research scale is reliable to use. The data obtained were then processed using normality test, linearity test, classical assumption test and hypothesis testing. Through the results of the product moment correlation test, the result is 0.931** or close to 1. It can be said that there is a positive relationship between a person's social support and their psychological well-being. Referring to the significance value where 0.000 &lt;0.05, it means that Ha is accepted, that is, there is a relationship between peer social support and the psychological well-being of the elderly, where the higher the social support received by the elderly, the higher the perceived psychological well-being. Based on the Adjusted R Square value in the tests conducted by the researchers, the results were 56.6% where the social support of friends had an effect on a person's psychological well-being, interference by other variables being studied by the researcher.

The Relationship Between Family Support and Psychological-Well-Being on Honorary Teachers in Sidoarjo

This study aims to determine the relationship between family support and psychological well-being for honorary teachers in Taman District, which means that there are two variables in this study, namely: family support as variable X and psychological well-being as variable Y. This study includes research correlational quantitative. The sample in this study was 100 honorary teachers from 125 honorary teachers as a population in 4 high school and equivalent in Taman sub-district. The sampling technique used in this study was purposive sampling. The data collection technique in this study used 2 scales, namely the family support scale consisting of 34 items with 0.953 reliability and the psychological well-being scale consisting of 33 items with 0.936 reliability. The hypothesis in this study is that there is a positive relationship between family support and the psychological well-being scale for honorary teachers in Taman District. The results of this study indicate that the correlation coefficient is 0.852 with a significance value of 0.000 &lt;0.05. These results indicate that the hypothesis proposed in this study is accepted. While the results of the coefficient of determination test are 0.722 (Adjusted R Square) which shows that the family support variable contributes 72.2% to the psychological well-being variable.