Variance In Health-promoting Behaviors Research Articles

Assessment of Health-promoting Behaviors and Influential Factors in Undergraduate Students in Saudi Arabian Governmental Universities

Background: The identification of health-promoting behaviors is crucial for improving students' overall well-being. A total of 542 undergraduate students from five Saudi Arabian governmental universities were evaluated to assess health-promoting behaviors and explore the factors that influence these behaviors. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional design with a convenience sampling technique was employed to select 542 undergraduate students. A scale of health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II) and sociodemographic factors were used to assess undergraduate students' healthy behaviors. Healthy behaviors of students were measured on a Likert scale of 1 to 4, with 1 being "never" and 4 being "always." Higher scores would indicate that a student engages in more health-promoting behaviors. Results: Undergraduate students had moderate scores (M = 123) for health-promoting behaviors. Among the subscales of HPLP II, spiritual growth displayed the highest mean score (2.79 ± 0.61), while physical activity had the lowest (1.82 ± 0.35). Multiple linear regression showed significant fit (F = 8.57, p ˂ .01) and explained 6% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors. Family income, academic Grade point average (GPA), and smoking status were found to be significantly associated with health-promoting behaviors. The results suggest that students with low income (β = -0.10, p ˂ .05) were more likely to have lower health-promoting behaviors, while students with higher GPAs (β = 0.09, p ˂ .05) and non-smokers (β = 0.10, p ˂ .05) were more likely to have higher health-promoting behaviors. Conclusion: The study emphasizes the significance of enhancing behaviors that promote health in undergraduate students, especially in the dimensions of physical activity, coping with stress, and dietary habits.

Health-promoting behavior among undergraduate students in the COVID-19 era: Its association with problematic use of social media, social isolation, and online health information-seeking behavior

ObjectiveTo examine the association between problematic use of social media, online health information-seeking, social isolation, and health-promoting behaviors among Korean undergraduate students. MethodsIn total, 178 undergraduate students participated in this study. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed. ResultsPredictors of health-promoting behaviors included overall time spent on social media, problematic social media use, social isolation, and online information-seeking, explaining 33.5 % of the variance in health-promoting behaviors. ConclusionProlonged social media use and social isolation negatively affected undergraduate students' health-promoting behaviors, while online information-seeking positively affected them. Nurses should assist young adults in improving health-promoting behaviors by preventing problematic social media uses, reducing social isolation, and strengthening their online health information-seeking ability.

The influence of eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge, and self-esteem on health-promoting behaviors in early adult women: a cross-sectional survey.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of eHealth literacy, reproductivehealth knowledge, and self-esteem on early adult women's health-promoting behaviors (HPB). Thisstudy was based on Pender's health promotion model as a theoretical underpinning. Early adult women aged 18 to 35 years (n=165) were recruited by posting advertisements on social network sites for a student club and a faith-based community in Ansan, Korea. Willing individuals were invited to participate in the online survey from June 1 to June 30, 2022. Standardized instruments were used to measure HPB, eHealth literacy, reproductive health knowledge,and self-esteem. General characteristics included income level, perceived subjective health, and internet usage time. The collected data were analyzed using the independent t-test, one-way analysisof variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression. The mean age of the respondents was 21.97±3.87 years. The total HPB score was 120.69,corresponding to a moderate level; and the total scores for eHealth literacy (30.24), knowledge ofreproductive health (23.04), and self-esteem (35.62) were higher than the midpoint. The model explained 53.3% of variance in HPB, and self-esteem (β=.48, p<.001) was the most influential factor.Other influential factors were, in descending order, higher economic level, higher subjective healthstatus, greater eHealth literacy, and less internet use time (<2 hours/day). In order to promote the health of early adult women, counseling or programs that positively improve self-esteem appear promising, and eHealth literacy should be considered as a way topromote HPB using information technology.

Health-Promoting Behaviors among Older Adults with Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural and Urban Areas during the New Normal Post-COVID-19 Era: A Structural Equation Modeling Analysis.

This study aimed to develop and test a causal relationship among perceived self-efficacy (PSE), health literacy (HL), access to COVID-19 preventive material (ACPM), social networks (SN), and health-promoting behaviors (HPBs). Multistage stratified random sampling was used to recruit 250 older adults with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) from Thai urban and rural communities. The data were collected with self-reported questionnaires. Data analyses used descriptive statistics and structural equation modeling. The results indicated that participants in urban communities had higher PSE, ACPM, HL, SN, and HPBs than rural participants. The fitness parameters of the modified model (χ2 = 71.936, df = 58, p-value = 0.103, χ2/df = 1.240; root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) = 0.031; standardized root mean square residual (SRMR) = 0.042; goodness of fit index (GFI) = 0.964; normed-fit index (NFI) = 0.964; comparative fit index (CFI) = 0.993) indicated its suitability as the research model. HPBs were directly positively influenced by PSE (β = 0.40, p < 0.001), ACPM (β = 0.24, p < 0.001), HL (β = 0.19, p < 0.01), and SN (β = 0.01, p < 0.05). Therefore, taking all predicting variables together could explain 81.0% of the variance in HPBs. Multidisciplinary healthcare teams could use these findings to establish proper interventions or healthcare activities to increase HPBs among older adults, particularly in this era of the “new normal”.

The Relationship between E-Health Literacy and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Nursing Students: A Multiple Mediation Model.

The availability of a wide range of online health-related information on the internet has made it an increasingly popular source of health information, particularly for people in their 20s. This study aimed to explore possible multistep and indirect pathways of association between e-health literacy and health-promoting behaviors through social media use for health information, online health information-seeking behaviors, and self-care agency among nursing students. The study included 558 nursing students from three different universities in South Korea. Data were collected using structured questionnaires from 2 August to 29 August, 2019. The results show that e-health literacy had a significant direct effect on health-promoting behaviors through the three mediators. Moreover, the overall model explained 46% of the total variance in health-promoting behaviors. Based on these findings, it is necessary to introduce interventions that improve e-health literacy and develop a strategy to promote healthy behaviors. It is also necessary to develop programs to improve e-health literacy competency in nursing students. Moreover, health interventions that improve health-promoting behaviors should be developed, and research to evaluate the effect of the interventions should be conducted.

Relationships Between Personal Satisfaction, Cardiovascular Disease Risk, and Health Promoting Behavior Among Arab American Middle-Aged Women.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among middle-aged women. Health-promoting behavior is essential to the prevention of CVD. During middle adulthood, women experience biopsychosocial changes that may reduce personal satisfaction and affect health-promoting behavior and CVD risk. This study aimed to examine the impact of personal satisfaction on health-promoting behavior and CVD risk in middle-aged Arab American women. A convenience sample of 114 middle-aged Arab American women was recruited from 2 clinical sites in Michigan in the United States. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile-II, the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and a single item assessing health satisfaction. Risk for CVD was calculated using the 10-year atherosclerotic CVD Risk Estimator. Health-promoting behavior was significantly correlated with self-satisfaction (r = 0.54, P < .0001), health satisfaction (r = 0.45, P < .0001), and life satisfaction (r = 0.41, P < .0001). Risk for CVD was significantly negatively correlated with self-satisfaction (r = -0.17, P = .039), health satisfaction (r = -0.18, P = .029), and life satisfaction (r = -0.27, P = .002). Self-satisfaction and health satisfaction accounted for 32% of the variance in health-promoting behavior (F = 7.568, P < .0001). Age and life satisfaction accounted for 50% of the variance in CVD risk score (F = 58.28, P < .0001). Personal satisfaction was associated with health-promoting behavior and CVD risk. Future research would benefit from the inclusion of longitudinal data and comparative groups.

Health-promoting Lifestyle of Nursing Students: Using Mixed Methods Research

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of psychosocial wellbeing status and self efficacy on health-promoting behavior of nursing students, and to explore the experiences related to health-promoting behavior. Methods: For this study, an explanatory sequential mixed method design approach was used with survey data collected from 148 nursing students. In addition, qualitative data for exploration of health-promoting behavior experience were collected from three focus-group interviews of 17 participants. Quantitative data were analyzed with SPSS/WIN 25.0 and qualitative data were analyzed by making contents analysis with Nvivo 12.0. Results: The results showed that psychosocial wellbeing status, self efficacy, grade, and regularity meal explained 43.0% of the variance in health-promoting behavior. And seven themes from the collected significant statements about experience of health-promoting behavior included the daily life going on without delay; changes in body which is felt; recognizing the necessity of health care; making efforts to increase physical activities; revising eating habit; looking for the way to relieve stress; and attempting to divert my thoughts. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to develop and verify health program in order to improve nursing students’ health-promoting behavior. And university authorities and government should make an effort to improve nursing students’ health-promoting behavior.

The Relationship Between Religiosity and Health-Promoting Behaviors in Pregnant Women.

Pender's health promotion model guided this descriptive/correlational study exploring the relationship between religiosity and health-promoting behaviors of pregnant women at Pregnancy Resource Centers (PRCs). A consecutive sample included women who knew they were pregnant at least 2 months, could read/write English, and visited PRCs in eastern Pennsylvania. Participants completed self-report surveys that examined religiosity, demographics, pregnancy-related variables, services received at PRCs, and health-promoting behaviors. Women reported they "sometimes" or "often" engaged in health-promoting behaviors, Hispanic women reported fewer health-promoting behaviors than non-Hispanic women, and women who attended classes at the centers reported more frequent health-promoting behaviors than those who did not attend classes. In separate multiple linear regressions, organized, non-organized, and intrinsic religiosity and satisfaction with surrender to God explained additional variance in health-promoting behaviors above and beyond what Hispanic ethnicity and attending classes at the PRCs explained in pregnant women at PRCs.

Predictors of Health-Promoting Behaviors in Coronary Artery Bypass Surgery Patients: An Application of Pender's Health Promotion Model.

BackgroundAdvances in coronary artery surgery have reduced patient morbidity and mortality. Nevertheless, patients still have to face physical, psychological, and social problems after discharge from hospital.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of Pender’s health promotion model in predicting cardiac surgery patients’ lifestyles in Iran.MethodsThis cross-sectional study comprised 220 patients who had undergone coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery in Mazandaran province (Iran) in 2015. The subjects were selected using a simple random sampling method. The data were collected via (1) the health-promoting lifestyle profile II (HPLP II) and (2) a self-designed questionnaire that included two main sections: demographic characteristics and questions based on the health-promoting model constructs.ResultsSpiritual growth (28.77 ± 5.03) and physical activity (15.79 ± 5.08) had the highest and lowest scores in the HPLP II dimensions, respectively. All the health promotion model variables were significant predictors of health-promoting behaviors and explained 69% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors. Three significant predictors were estimated using regression coefficients: behavioral feelings (β = 0.390, P < 0.001), perceived benefits (β = 0.209, P < 0.001), and commitment to a plan of action (β = 0.347, P < 0.001).ConclusionsAccording to the results of the study, health-promoting model-based self-care behaviors can help identify and predict cardiac surgery patients’ lifestyles in Iran. This pattern can be used as a framework for discharge planning and the implementation of educational interventions to improve the lifestyles of CABG patients.

A Study of Factors Affecting Health-Promoting Behaviors to Young-Elderly Adults in Urban and Rural Communities

The purpose of this study was to identify the factors affecting health-promoting behaviors in young-elderly adults in urban and rural communities. The subjects were 202 men and women aged 65–74 years. Multiple regression analysis was performed. The most significant predictor of health-promoting behaviors was health-related behaviors (β = 0.574, P < 0.001) in elderly adults from urban communities, and this model accounted for 63.1% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors (F = 47.661, P < 0.001). The most significant predictor of health-promoting behaviors was perceived benefit (β = 0.738, P < 0.001) in subjects from rural communities, and this model accounted for 66.2% of the variance in health-promoting behaviors (F = 59.168, P < 0.001). Health management personnel should recognize the importance of health management for healthy aging individuals and implement preventive health management policies and nursing interventions actively, with the objective of promoting the performance of healthpromoting behaviors in elderly adults.

Factors associated with health-promoting behavior of people with or at high risk of metabolic syndrome: Based on the health belief model

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify the associations between self-efficacy and the various factors in the Health Belief Model (HBM), and the health-promoting behaviors of people with, or at high risk of, Metabolic Syndrome (MS). Methods132 adults with two or more MS components were included in this cross-sectional study. Health-promoting behavior, self-efficacy and the four-constructs of HBM (perceived threat, cues, benefits, and barriers) were measured using validated tools. The contributions of each HBM factor towards the respective behavior were identified using a three-step hierarchical regression approach. ResultsAfter controlling for age, gender, education level, income and knowledge of MS, HBM factors accounted for 11% of the total variance in health-promoting behaviors. Beliefs about barriers were found to be a significant predictor of exercise (β=−.28, p<.01) and diet management (β=−.24, p=<.01), suggesting that a higher level of perceived barrier was associated with a lower frequency of health-promoting behaviors. In the final model, self-efficacy explained an additional 31% of the variance in exercise behavior and 13% in diet management behavior. ConclusionsSelf-efficacy and perceived barriers made independent contributions to health-promoting behavior among people with, or at high risk of, MS. Community health program targeting this particular group should tailor strategies that can enhance individuals’ self-efficacy and address barriers perceived.

Testing and Developing the Health Promotion Model in Low-Income, Korean Elderly Women

This study was conducted to test Pender's health promotion model in low-income, Korean elderly women. A total of 389 low-income, Korean elderly women completed the interviews focused on the concepts in health promotion model. Seventy-three percent of the variance in health-promoting behaviors was accounted for by prior health-related behavior, biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, behavior-specific cognitions and affect, environmental influences, commitment to a plan of action, and health-promoting behavior variables in a modified health promotion model. Findings from this study may support the conceptual framework for future nursing practice and research studies in this vulnerable population.

Health-Promoting Behaviors of Rural Adolescent Women

ABSTRACT A part of a larger study of the health behaviors of adolescent women, this investigation examined health-promoting behaviors and the influence of cognitive, social, and environmental factors on these health-promoting behaviors of rural adolescent women. The sample consisted of 128 rural African-American and white adolescent women. Forty-four percent of the variance in health-promoting behavior of this sample was explained by five variables: self-image, problem solving, mother's education, employment status, and family structure. Self-image was the most salient predictor of health-promoting behavior, explaining 33% of the variance.

An Exploration of Pender??s Health Promotion Model Using LISREL

A causal model based on Pender's (1987) Health Promotion Model was tested to evaluate Pender's hypothesis that demographic and biological characteristics affect health-promoting behaviors indirectly through three mediating cognitive-perceptual variables. A sample of 3,025 noninstitutionalized adults completed a telephone survey from which indicators of the conceptual variables were selected. Initial tests of the causal model using the LISREL 7 program indicated that the basic model did not fit the data. Therefore, the model was modified so that the exogenous variables--sex, age, income, martial status, education, and body mass index--had direct effects on select health-promoting behaviors. Further, the variables of self-actualization and interpersonal support were required to share common indicators as were health responsibility and interpersonal support. Though the modified model fit the data, little of the variance in health-promoting behaviors was explained, since all significant effects were weak.