Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling Research Articles

Nexus between intellectual capital and innovation performance: the mediating role of firm’s attractiveness and knowledge sharing

Purpose Intellectual capital has recently gained significant attention for achieving a competitive advantage for firms. Accordingly, this study aims to examines the impact of intellectual capital on small and medium enterprises (SMEs) innovation performance. Additionally, it also examines the mediating role of firm’s attractiveness (FATR) and knowledge sharing (KS) in small enterprises of India’s National Capital Region (NCR). Design/methodology/approach Data was gathered from 395 owners and managers of the NCR region through a self-administered survey questionnaire. The author applied a “variance-based structural equation modeling” to examine the outcomes. Findings The outcomes exhibited that relational capital (RC) significantly influences the FATR, while human capital (HC) and structural capital (SC) insignificantly influences the FATR. Furthermore, HC, RC and SC substantially influence KS. Interestingly, the outcomes also reveal that a FATR and KS substantially influence innovation performance. Research limitations/implications This research provides valuable opportunities to expand the study of intellectual capital and innovation performance in SMEs across different countries, paving the way for future comparative analyses in diverse international contexts. Practical implications The results assist policymakers and practitioners in assessing an organization’s ability to transform data into intellectual capital within the context of “Industrial Revolution 4.0” to strengthen its sustainability and innovation performance. Originality/value The current paper delivers a more affluent and novel understanding of Indian SMEs by examining the interplay between intellectual capital and innovation performance mediating by a FATR and KS behavior. Furthermore, the proposed model has not been previously addressed in the academic literature, which signifies advancement in scientific knowledge.

Exploring Gender Differences in Shaping Total Tourism Experience Quality among Eco-Tourists

This research explored the role of gender as a moderating effect on the relationship between factors affecting ecotourism experiential value. Previous studies have investigated tourist satisfaction; however, the role of gender towards the experiential value remains unclear. More importantly, the tourist’s actual behavior at a destination is a critical determinant factor of tourist loyalty compared to the perception. Accordingly, the purpose of this study was to explore the role of gender in the relationship between factors influencing the Ecotourist Experiential Value on Actual Tourist Behaviour. More specifically, this study delved into the consequences of destination experience (i.e. attachment and advocate) and investigated the influence of Ecotourist Experiential Value on Actual Behaviour between genders. A survey was conducted among the Taman Negara patrons in Malaysia. The research model was tested and confirmed with 243 tourists. The data was analyzed using Smart Partial Least Squares which is the variance-based structural equation modelling. The results evoked from the survey indicate that aesthetics is very much important as the influential factors towards positive total experience quality among male compared to female. In contrast, Customer Return on Investment becomes the main concern of female tourists towards Total Experience Quality as compared to male tourists. In light of the major finding, this study accentuates the importance of understanding gender behavior to provide valuable insights for destination marketers to establish positioning plans for the tourism industry.

Organizational support as a moderator on academic entrepreneurship performance in state universities

Engaging in academic entrepreneurship enhances the potential for academics to generate scientific advancements, capitalize on findings, and create impactful contributions. This study examines how organizational support affects the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and role integration on academic entrepreneurship performance at state universities in Indonesia. The population includes lecturers from eleven state universities with research results that can be commercialized. A purposive sampling method selected 330 respondents, focusing on science and social sciences lecturers with research at a technological readiness level of 6 to 9, demonstrating pilot stages and commercialization readiness based on national assessments. Data analysis used variance-based structural equation modeling and partial least squares (PLS). The findings indicate that entrepreneurial orientation significantly affects academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05), and role integration significantly affects academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05). Additionally, organizational support moderates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05), and organizational support moderates the relationship between role integration and academic entrepreneurship performance (p < 0.05). AcknowledgmentsWe would like to thank the lecturers at eleven state universities in Indonesia who contributed to this investigation. Their assistance allowed the authors to obtain data that met the study criteria and generate accurate and exact data analysis per the research goals.

How Wanghong Live Streamers Affect Online Users’ Purchasing Behavior on Live Streaming Platforms: A PLS-SEM Approach

ABSTRACT Considering the distinct effects of the Wanghong group in retaining online consumers, more and more live streamers tend to accept the Wanghong economy and aim to become Wanghong live streamers. Although existing scholars have investigated the relationship between live streamers and online consumers, limited studies have discussed how Wanghong live streamers affect online consumers’ watching interest and lead to their final purchasing behaviors. To explore their purchasing decision-making process, this paper draws on the Attention-Interest-Desire-Action (AIDA) model and divides the process into Attention, Interest, Desire, and Action units. Through the data analysis based on the partial least squares path modeling and variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), both attractive appearance and social interaction designed by Wanghongs positively affect online consumers’ watching interest, generate their purchasing desires, and cause their final purchasing behaviors. The research results are helpful for related scholars and network industries to understand the interactive mechanism between online consumers and Wanghongs. Exploring the distinct effect of this group will be beneficial in driving the development of the Wanghong economy and improving the environment of live streaming economy.

Quality improvement in hospital: How knowledge and attitude affect job performance across different professional groups

Objective: Improving the performance of healthcare organizations is a major concern within health systems. This study aims to explore the relationship between hospital staff’s knowledge and attitudes about continuous quality improvement (CQI) and their perceived job performance while determining if professional groups moderate this relationship.Methods: A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed among three main job groups at a public hospital in Iran. Statistical analysis included variance-based structural equation modeling and Pearson correlation coefficients.Results: Of the 250 distributed questionnaires, 196 were returned (response rate: 78%). The path coefficient between staff knowledge and performance was 0.390 higher in the physician group than in the non-physician group, and 0.207 higher in the administrative-financial group. The path coefficient for the non-physician group was 0.120 higher than that of the administrativefinancial group. For staff attitudes and performance, the path coefficient was 0.160 higher in the physician group than in the non-physician group, and 0.090 higher than in the administrative-financial group. The administrative-financial group had a 0.070 higher path coefficient than the non-physician group.Conclusions: The study indicates positive relationships between hospital employees’ knowledge and attitudes about quality improvement and their job performance. These relationships were not significantly moderated by professional groups.

Adoption Intention of Blockchain Technologies for Sustainable Supply Chain Management in Indian MSMEs

This study explores the determinants of the intention to adopt blockchain technology for sustainable supply chain management in Indian micro, small, and medium enterprises. Different from existing studies that advocate the use of socio-technical theory for blockchain technologies, we develop a new theoretical framework, called “SOS,” based on a review of the existing literature. This is an adaptation of the technology–organization–environment framework that examines the measures and scales from socio-technical, organizational, and sustainability contexts. We use ADANCO 2.3.2 for variance-based structural equation modeling. The results show that two of the nine hypotheses are negatively significant, while the rest are positive. In our context, social sustainability and computer self-efficacy are strongly negatively significant for the adoption intention of blockchain technology in our context. Software quality and environmental sustainability are strongly positively significant. Meanwhile, collaboration, economic sustainability, and relative advantage mediated by experience are positively significant. Our study contributes to the literature by offering a new theoretical framework, fresh insights from the Indian industry, and several recommendations to practitioners.

The Influence of Perceived Benefits, Financial Literacy, and Demographics on Health Insurance Purchase Intention by Gen Z Which is Mediated by Attitude

The insurance penetration rate in Indonesia remains low and has even been declining, despite the significant role the insurance industry plays in supporting national development. Meanwhile, Generation Z is beginning to dominate Indonesia's demographic structure, particularly as the demographic bonus period approaches. Low financial literacy is often cited as a cause of the low attitude and purchase intention towards life insurance. Additionally, low perceived benefit of insurance is also known to influence Generation Z's attitude. Generation Z is also associated with behaviors that differ from previous generations. This study aims to identify the factors influencing Generation Z's attitude and purchase intention towards life insurance, focusing on financial literacy, perceived benefit, and demographics. The research method is quantitative, with samples taken from Generation Z residents in Jabodetabek who have income but do not yet have life insurance. The research instrument used is a questionnaire, with a total of 297 valid questionnaires collected and analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM). The results show that financial literacy, perceived benefit, and demographics have a significant and positive influence on Generation Z's attitude and purchase intention. Among these factors, perceived benefit emerges as the strongest predictor of attitudes towards life insurance. The financial literacy level of Generation Z in Jabodetabek is found to be adequate. This indicates that financial literacy does not directly translate into insurance literacy, suggesting that financial literacy is not the main cause of the low attitude and purchase intention towards life insurance among Generation Z in Indonesia.

Optimizing Women's Entrepreneurship to Enhance Family Domestic Income: A Case Study of Female Entrepreneurs in BatamThis study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique

This study examines the role of women's entrepreneurship in enhancing domestic family income in Batam, a special economic zone with unique socio-economic characteristics. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative designs to understand the factors influencing women's entrepreneurship and to develop optimization strategies. Quantitative data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 200 female entrepreneurs across 12 districts in Batam, while qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), and participant observations. Data analysis was conducted using variance-based structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and NVIVO software to analyze the complex relationships between variables. The results of the study indicate that women's education level, access to capital, and family support are critical factors influencing the success of entrepreneurship. Access to capital is proven to be a significant challenge, with barriers such as high interest rates and complex procedures. Additionally, the increase in family income derived from women's businesses contributes to improving family welfare, including children's education, health, and financial stability. Based on these findings, the study recommends the need for improved access to capital, the development of relevant entrepreneurial training programs, and supportive government policies to strengthen the role of women's entrepreneurship in Batam. This study is expected to contribute meaningfully to the literature on women's entrepreneurship and provide a foundation for the development of more effective policies in the future.

WARPPLS APPLICATION FOR MARKETING MIX ANALYSIS OF CONSUMER LOYALTY WITH CONSUMER SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE AT PT BALI LUXE TRADA, BALI

This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the 4P marketing mix (product, price, location, and promotion) on customer loyalty with customer satisfaction as an intervening variable at PT Bali Luxe Trada, Bali. This type of research uses quantitative research methods with the population in the study, namely customers of PT Bali Luxe Trada. The sampling method used was purposive sampling using the calculation of the slovin formula of 120 respondents of PT Bali Luxe Trada. Data collection techniques include questionnaires and documentation. Hypothesis testing is done by variance-based SEM or Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) testing with the help of the WarpPLS 8.0 program through descriptive analysis, outer model testing, inner model, and hypothesis testing. The results of the analysis obtained show that partially the variables of product, price, location have a positive and significant effect on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. Promotions have a positive but not significant effect on customer loyalty or customer satisfaction. While on indirect influences, only product variables have a significant effect on customer loyalty through customer satisfaction of PT Bali Luxe Trada, Bali.

Antecedents of Destination Image and Revisitation Intentions Post COVID-19: a Study in Indonesia

Objective: This research aims to explore the dynamics of destination image on the tourism landscape of Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, focusing on cultural, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions. A survey was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 Theoretical Framework: consumer behavior theory, tourism, destination image, cultural image, socio-economic image, environmental image and tourist satisfaction Method: The survey was conducted from November 2022 to June 2023 by collecting data from 135 tourists in Indonesia through purposive random sampling. Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the data. Results and Discussion: These results emphasize the important role of cultural preservation, socio-economic development, and environmental management in optimizing tourist experiences and promoting destination sustainability, offering valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers in destination management and tourism policymaking. Research Implications: This research aims to explore the dynamics of destination image in the tourism landscape of Berau Regency, East Kalimantan Province, with a focus on cultural, socio-economic, and environmental dimensions. Originality/Value: these findings offer valuable insights for stakeholders and policymakers to optimize tourist experiences, promote destination sustainability, and foster the growth of Berau Regency's tourism industry post-pandemic. Keywords: Destination Image Cultural Image, Socio-Economic Image, Environmental Image, Memorable Tourism Experience, Tourist Satisfaction, Interest in Returning, Tourism.

Determinants Influencing the Adoption of Metaverse-based Learning Platforms among University Students

Metaverse, an amalgamation of diverse information technologies, is seen as the future of the internet and holds promise for transforming education. Leveraging metaverse media for immersive learning has the potential to reshape education practices. Despite being a novel concept, metaverse-based education has the capacity to enrich online learning experiences. The study utilized the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model alongside the factor of personal innovativeness in IT, conducting a comprehensive survey involving 244 students from Federal University Wukari, Nigeria. Employing STATA 14, a popular variance-based structural equation modeling technique in social sciences and management, the study analyzed the structural model and conceptual measures, confirming the discriminant validity, dependability, and content of the data. The research findings highlight the importance of personal innovativeness in IT as a direct and indirect predictor of adoption intention among Generation Z students in making decisions about integrating metaverse technologies into higher education. Students demonstrating a high level of innovativeness in IT exhibit a greater willingness to engage with metaverse-based learning incorporating artificial intelligence. The results demonstrate a strong association between the identified characteristics and students' intentions to utilize educational platforms utilizing metaverse technology, contributing valuable insights to the use of technology in educational settings.

Exploring social media determinants in fostering pro-environmental behavior: insights from social impact theory and the theory of planned behavior.

This study investigates the impact of social media on pro-environmental behavior (PEB) through the lenses of the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and Social Impact Theory. The research aims to elucidate how social media influences Environmental Attitude (EA) and Subjective Norms (SN), and how these factors contribute to Behavioral Intentions (BI) that ultimately affect PEB. Additionally, it examines the moderating effect of Perceived Behavioral Control (PBC) on the relationship between BI and PEB. To explore these relationships, the study employs a dual methodological approach using Variance-Based Structural Equation Modeling (VBSEM) and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). Data were collected from two distinct samples: 1200 participants from Taiwan for the SEM analysis and 602 respondents for the ANN study. SEM was utilized to explore causal relationships, while ANN was employed to enhance predictive accuracy. The SEM analysis reveals that social media significantly affects both EA and SN, except for Social Networking Site Involvement (SNSI), which does not significantly impact EA. Additionally, the findings indicate that BI mediates the relationship between EA and PEB. However, BI does not mediate the SN-PEB relationship, and the link between SN and BI is found to be non-significant. Empirical evidence also suggests that PBC moderates the BI-PEB relationship, with a stronger influence observed under higher levels of PBC and a weaker influence under lower levels. These results underscore the complex dynamics between social media factors and pro-environmental behavior. The study concludes that while social media plays a significant role in shaping EA and SN, its impact on EA is not mediated by SNSI. Furthermore, PBC significantly moderates the BI-PEB relationship, highlighting its critical role in PEB. The discussion addresses the implications of these findings, acknowledges the limitations encountered, and suggests potential avenues for future research.

Parents’ effects on Chinese students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation on live streaming platforms: regional perspective using multi-group analysis

Purpose This paper aims to explore the effects of parents’ support factors on Chinese university students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation on live streaming platforms. Based on the Social support theory, this study divides influencing factors into emotional, instrumental, informational and appraisal aspects. Meanwhile, considering the impact of China’s regional differences, the paper refers to the Regional difference theory and performs a multi-group analysis to assess the differences based on Chinese university students’ regional backgrounds. Design/methodology/approach By testing 556 samples based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling, all support factors parents provide can stimulate Chinese university students’ digital entrepreneurship motivation. Findings Based on the multi-group comparison, parents’ informational support exerts a more substantial influence on the digital entrepreneurship motivation for university students from central and east regions rather than those from the western region, and parents’ instrumental support exerts a lower influence on digital entrepreneurship motivation for east university students than for west university students. Originality/value This paper applies the Social support theory as a theoretical framework to divide the impact factors, and it uses the Regional difference theory as a guide for the multi-group analysis of correlations, which is significant for online entrepreneurial motivation research and a better understanding of student groups. In addition to testing the hypotheses, the study also measures the importance–performance map analysis to explore additional findings of influencing factors and discuss managerial implications.

Impact of the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation on online viewers' attitudes toward ethnic minority group cultural streaming: An extension of the theory of planned behaviour

Although more and more ethnic minority group (EMG) users are willing to present cultural content on live streaming platforms and advertise cultural products, the influence of their cultural content is still weak compared to mainstream culture. To narrow the research gap, it is essential for the current study to analyse online viewers' intention to watch EMGs' cultural content. This paper extends the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) model based on the cross-cultural adaptation theory. It adds the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation factor and cross-cultural adaptation factor, aiming to clearly explain online viewers' psychological changes. The data analysis based on the partial least squares path modelling and variance-based structural equation modelling (PLS- SEM) supports that the propensity to cross-cultural adaptation positively affects online viewers' cross-cultural adaptation. Meanwhile, the cross-cultural adaptation will positively influence online viewers' attitudes towards EMG cultural streaming, motivate their watching intention, and drive their final behavioural responses. More findings are uncovered via the importance-performance map analysis (IPMA), and the cross-cultural adaptation factor has significantly high performance and importance for online viewers’ watching intention.

The Influence of Perceived Easy of use and Perceived Usefulness on Dana user Loyalty on Surabaya with Satisfaction as a Medaiting Variable

This research aims to determine the influence of perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness on DANA user loyalty in Surabaya, with satisfaction as a mediating variable. Quantitative research methods were used in this research. The sample selection technique used is convenience sampling. Data collection was carried out by giving questionnaires to 105 students using DANA in Surabaya. The data obtained was then analyzed using variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). approach, also known as an alternative SEM method using Partial Least Square (PLS SEM) software. The findings of this research show that perceptions of convenience and benefits have a positive and significant effect on the loyalty of DANA users in Surabaya. Perceived convenience and perceived benefits mediated by satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on loyalty among DANA users in Surabaya.

The Influence of Interactivity, Online Customer Reviews, and Trust on Shopee Live Streaming Users' Impulse buying

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of interactivity, online customer reviews, trust on impulse buying in Shopee live streaming (Shopee Live) customers domiciled in Indonesia who have purchased on Shopee live at least 2 times. Our approach is a quantitative approach. This study uses a survey design by distributing questionnaires. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling. The number of samples used in this study is 155 samples. Data processing is carried out statistically by utilizing variance-based Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Data processing is carried out with the help of SmartPLS ​​software ver. 3. The results of the study show that: (1) interactivity has a significant effect on impulse buying; (2) interactivity has a significant effect on trust; (3) online customer reviews have a significant effect on trust; (4) online customer reviews do not have a significant effect on impulse buying; (5) trust has a significant effect on impulse buying. The results of the study also show that there is an indirect effect, namely interactivity has a significant effect on impulse buying through trust and also online customer reviews have an indirect effect on impulse buying through trust.

A Parallel Mediation Analysis of Behavioral Constructs Linking Intention-to-Use Technology to Performance Outcomes Among Pharmaceutical Executives

Managers in organizations are at a crossroads in understanding how behavioral intention to use technology influences employee performance. In the technology acceptance model, behavioral intention is a precursor to actual system use. However, there is inadequate information on how this intention indirectly impacts performance among employees in pharmaceutical organizations. Intuitively, behavioral mechanisms (job satisfaction, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, perceived relevance) should transform technology use into desired outcomes and serve as explanatory links between behavioral intention and technology performance. Using the theoretical lens of the technology acceptance model, reasoned action, and contingency theories, this study explored the mechanisms linking behavioral intention to technology performance among pharmaceutical executives. A web-based survey of a random sample of 282 pharmaceutical executives was conducted using a self-administered Google Forms questionnaire. Data was analyzed using variance-based structural equation modeling in ADANCO software, controlling for job-based demographics. All independent variables in the model significantly explained the variance in the dependent variable, technology performance. Perceived relevance was the only substantial linkage between behavioral intention and technology performance. The study confirmed that perceived relevance is an important mediator between behavioral intention and technology performance. To enhance performance, managers should adopt strategies that enhance job satisfaction, conscientiousness, self-efficacy, and perceived relevance. Ensuring appropriate technology deployment, adequate employee education, and targeted training are crucial for enhancing these mediating effects. The study contributes to the existing literature by recommending the inclusion of perceived relevance as a mediating link in the technology acceptance model.

UNRAVELING THE INFLUENCE OF BUILDING MATERIALS CRITERIA (BMC) ON HOTEL’S OPERATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY

The core business of hotels lies in the hotel buildings design and its service operation. As the hotels are concentrating more on aesthetics values as one aspect of perceived experiential value, a careful selection of materials is urgently needed for hotel sectors. It is important to identify the crucial criteria in choosing building materials towards the hotel’s operational sustainability. Thus, this paper aims to analyze the significance level building materials criteria (BMC) towards hotel’s operational sustainability. A quantitative approach was adopted via questionnaire surveys to 116 operation and maintenance manager that worked in 29 green rated hotels throughout Malaysia. The data is analysed using SmartPLS 4, a software with graphical user interface for variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM) using the partial least squares (PLS) path modeling method. Results from the SEM-PLS has supported three (3) hypothesis, that confirmed the manufacturers criteria, health criteria and resource management criteria, as the BMC variables has significance relationship towards hotel’s operational sustainability. This study significantly helps the developers, hoteliers, stakeholders, consultants, and designers to be aware of the applicability and suitability to be used in their projects. The findings provide practical insights for hotel operators and managers, offering guidance on selecting building materials aligned with sustainability goals. This operational focus can aid hotels in making informed decisions that enhance their overall sustainability performance.

Enhancing Patient Revisit Intention and Positive Word of Mouth: An Empirical Study of Medical Tourism

The growth of medical tourism industry in various countries has fostered global competition. Hospitals need to improve healthcare quality, brand image, and perceived value to gain patient satisfaction so that there is an increase in positive word-of-mouth and patient revisit intention. Therefore, it is necessary to study the behavior of patients visiting abroad to get health services and the desire to recommend the goodness of the hospital. This study aims to analyze the impact of hospital brand image, service quality, and perceived value to increase patient satisfaction. It also examines the impact of patient satisfaction on positive word-of-mouth and revisits intention. This study uses a quantitative method with a survey approach to 130 patients overseas for health services. Therefore, the convenience sampling method was applied in this study. Variance-based Structural Equation Modeling technique was used to answer the research hypotheses. The results have proven that to increase patient revisit intention in hospitals and positive WoM, the hospital must pay attention to service quality, hospital brand image, and perceived value need to be considered as they impact patient satisfaction. Meanwhile, patient satisfaction was identified as a factor that drives positive word-of-mouth and patient revisit intention.

Discovering university students’ behaviour to promote distance learning on the DingTalk telecommunication platform during the COVID-19 pandemic

ABSTRACT This research is based on university students’ experience of using DingTalk in distance learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Although the distance learning mode on the telecommunication platform provides university students with comprehensive functions, they have limited motivation to accept it and even express dissatisfaction with this new learning model. To narrow the research gap, this study establishes a research model based on the COM-B Behaviour Changing theory and the Hofstede cultural theory, and it analyses influencing factors from Environmental opportunity, Personal capability, and Cultural control aspects. Applying the variance-based structural equation modelling and partial least squares path modelling (PLS-SEM), 358 valid questionnaires have been analysed through the SmartPLS. All hypotheses can be supported, such as the relationship between official department support and students’ distance learning motivation, the connection between privacy security awareness and students’ motivation, and the relationship between power distance and students’ motivation. The research findings will be helpful in enhancing the distance learning system, and more and more students will have an opportunity to accept a high-quality distance education during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.