Variability In Self Research Articles

Self-Efficacy in Relation with Marital Satisfaction on Married Women in Auchi, Etsako West Local Area, Edo State, Nigeria

Self-efficacy can be defined as the ability to perform specific acts in order to attain a given outcome, or it can be seen as a catalyst for an increase in well-being of people [15]. Therefore, Self- efficacy in relation with marital satisfaction is a motivation of this study which explains why marriage has social significance and is essential to both societal structure and individual well- being as opined in [1]. However, marriage is perceived as a genuine source of fulfillment and pleasure among married people according to [15] and to this end, marital- satisfaction is regarded as the most crucial element of a marriage bond [2]. Marital-satisfaction is the state in which men and women in marriage union are generally satisfied in their union and are happy with each other [17] [13]. The self-efficacy of married women in relation with marital-satisfaction in this study, was investigated and characterized, while the population samples w e r e d r a w n f r o m middle-aged married women between the ages of 35 to 55years old and young married women in their 20s. Well-structured Self-Efficacy and Marital- Satisfaction Questionnaires were designed and used as the instrument of data collection. The findings indicate that self-efficacy mean calculation of married women between the ages of 35 to 55years is 21.82 with T-value of 0.27, while the self-efficacy mean calculation of young married women is 21.28 with T-value calculated as 0.86. The relationship factor between the variables of self- efficacy and marital-satisfaction had 0.40 of association. Therefore, there is positive correlation between self- efficacy and marital-satisfaction.

Variability in Positive and Negative Affect Among Adolescents with and without ADHD: Differential Associations with Functional Outcomes

Introduction. This study examined whether adolescents with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) differed in affect variability and whether variability in positive and negative affect was associated with functional outcomes. Method. Participants were 302 adolescents (12-14 years, Mage=13.17, 55% male; 54% diagnosed with ADHD; 82% white) and their caregivers who each completed the 10-item Positive and Negative Affect Scale via daily diaries for approximately two weeks. Multi-informant ratings of emotional, behavioral, social, and academic outcomes were assessed. Results. Adolescents with ADHD were found to experience greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress. For adolescents with ADHD, greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress were associated with more internalizing symptoms, greater variability in parent-reported positive affect was associated with worse social functioning, and greater variability in self- and parent-reported fear was associated with more externalizing symptoms. In contrast, greater variability in self- and parent-reported positive affect, fear, and distress were associated with better social functioning in adolescents without ADHD. Limitations. Future work should examine affect variability in adolescents with ADHD within the same day rather than across days. The limited age range and demographic diversity of our sample may limit generalizability of findings. Conclusions. Findings suggest the significant affect variability found among children with ADHD is also present in adolescents with ADHD and is associated with social and behavior impairment. Interventions for adolescents with ADHD should target emotion regulation abilities to help reduce the extremes of and shifts in affective experiences in this population.

Percepciones de autoevaluación: Autoestima, autoeficacia y satisfacción vital en la adolescencia

Resumen: En este estudio se analizan las relaciones entre tres variables relativas a la autoevaluación como son la autoestima, la autoeficacia y la satisfacción vital, así como sus tendencias evolutivas y las diferencias de género en una muestra de 2400 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y 17 años pertenecientes a 20 centros educativos de Andalucía Occidental. Por otro lado, se presentan las relaciones de estas tres variables con el estilo educativo parental. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones significativas entre las variables de autoevaluación, así como con las dimensiones del estilo parental. Concretamente, los niveles de afecto-comunicación y el sentido del humor de madres y padres fueron aspectos que se relacionaron de forma muy significativa con la autoevaluación adolescente. Por otra parte, aparecieron importantes diferencias de género en las trayectorias que la autoestima, la autoeficacia y la satisfacción vital siguen durante la adolescencia, ya que mientras que en los chicos se observaron pocos cambios, en las chicas la tendencia fue descendente, de forma que las adolescentes de más edad mostraron las autovaloraciones más bajas. Adolescents own perceptions of self-evaluation: Self esteem, self efficacy and life satisfaction Abstract: In this study we analyse the relationships between three variables of self-evaluations, being self esteem, self efficacy and life satisfaction. Moreover, we study the evolution of these three aspects during adolescence paying attention to gender differences. The sample was made up of 2400 teenagers aged between 12 and 17 years old taken from 20 high schools in Western Andalusia. In this study we also analyse the relationship between teenager self evaluation and parenting style. Our results show, on one hand, high correlation between self esteem, self efficacy and life satisfaction, and on the other hand, between teenager self evaluation and parenting style. In fact, parental warmth and communication and sense of humor show high correlation with adolescent self evaluation. We also found increasing differences between boys and girls as regards their self esteem, self efficacy and life satisfaction as adolescence progressed. Specifically, little changed was observed in boys, whereas girls’ self-evaluation decreased with age.

Obraz siebie u młodzieży wyalienowanej

This study investigated the relationships between student alienation and the self concept. Adolescents completed The Kmiecik-Baran Scale measured Sense of Alienation and the Tennessee Self Concept Scale (TSCS). Analysis was based on total of 331 undergraduate students age 16–20 years. Results indicated a moderate negative correlation between most subscales of TSCS and student alienation. Alienation correlates with low self concept, lower feelings of self – worth, higher self-criticism, problems with self-identity, negative self – satisfaction. Student Alienation also correlates with Defensive Positive, General Maladjustment, Psychosis, Personality Disorder, Neurosis. A stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that two variables of self – concept best predicted the state of being alienated. The Total Positive and Neurosis accounted for a significant portion (R² = 0,465) of the variance in Total Student Alienation.

Self-Recognition and Other-Recognition in Point-Light Displays

Adult humans’ recognition of self and others in diverse media (e.g., mirrors, videos) provides evidence for their skills at kinesthetic-visual and visual-visual matching, respectively. In this study, we examine self- and other-recognition in point-light displays (PLDs). Participants (7 men, 4 women) were filmed while walking in the dark with lighted joints to create two PLDs each, one showing a frontal view and one showing a half-profile view. Ten of the participants then observed 22 PLDs, two of themselves and two each of 10 familiar persons, and named whom they perceived in each PLD. Participants achieved greater than chance levels of accuracy in identifying themselves (55% of the time) and others (29.5%). Comparisons using three measures showed that participants were better at detecting themselves than others; however, variability in self- and other-detection within and across studies suggests caution prior to generalizing. Participants were equally successful in detecting walkers in frontal and half-profile PLDs, on average detecting about 3 walkers out of 11 in each perspective. Thus, participants showed some skill in using kinesthetic-visual and visual-visual matching in recognizing self and other, respectively, from the limited information present in PLDs.

Application of Box-Behnken design in understanding the quality of genistein self-nanoemulsified drug delivery systems and optimizing its formulation

The purpose of the present study was to understand the effect of formulation variables of self- nanoemulsified drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) on the rapid dissolution of a model drug, genistein (GN). A three-factor, three-level Box-Behnken design was used to explore the main and interaction effect of several independent formulation variables including the amount of Maisine 35-1 and Labrafac Lipophile WL 1349 (1:1, w/w) (X1), Cremophor EL and Labrasol (3:1, w/w) (X2), and Transcutol P (X3). Droplet size (Y1), turbidity (Y2), and dissolution percentage of GN after 5 (Y3) and 30 (Y4) min were the dependent variables. A mathematical relationship, Y3 = − 89.3447 + 5.9524X1 + 1.0683X2 + 0.462X3 − 0.0825X12 − 0.0075X22 − 0.0009X32 + 0.0104X1X2 − 0.0113X1X3 + 0.0009X2X3 (r2 = 0.9604), was obtained to explain the effect of all factors and their co-linearities on the dissolution of GN at 5 min. Formulation optimization was then performed to maximize dissolution percentage of GN at 5 min (Y3). The optimized formulation was predicted to dissolution 93.34% of GN at 5 min, when X1, X2 and X3 values were 37.1, 101.7 and 77.3 mg, respectively. A new batch was prepared according to the optimized formulation, and the observed and predicted values of Y3 were in close agreement. In conclusion, the Box-Behnken experimental design allowed us to understand the effect of formulation variables on the rapid dissolution of GN from SNEDDS, and optimize the formulation to obtain a rapid drug dissolution at 5 min.

Congruity backcrossing as a means of creating genetic variability in self pollinated crops: seed morphology of Phaseolus vulgaris L. and P. acutifolius A. Gray hybrids

Seeds of early generations of three reciprocal congruity-backcross (CBC) pedigrees, developed by backcrossing Phaseolus vulgaris-P. acutifolius hybrids to each of the parent species in alternate generations, exhibited a preponderance of traits (size, shape, color, and pattern) of the cytoplasmic parent. The large size of ‘Red Cloud’ (V1), the P. vulgaris parent common to all of the pedigrees, dominated pedigrees with V1 as the cytoplasmic parent, while the small size and rounded or square shapes of the tepary parents, wild P. acutifolius var. acutifolius PI 263590 or G400445 (A19), wild P. acutifolius var. latifolius PI 406622 (A10), or cultivated P. acutifolius var. latifolius ‘Serowi’ PI 319443 (A9), were the majority phenotypes when P. acutifolius was the cytoplasmic parent. Continuing through the second cycle of CBC, that is the second backcross with each of the parent species or the fourth backcross, began an amelioration of the apparent cytoplasmic effect on gene expression, as reciprocal pedigrees became more alike, usually with intermediate expression of parental traits or the appearance of new traits. The large seed size of V1 was recovered in hybrids with P. acutifolius cytoplasm and the kidney shape of V1 became rare in hybrids with P. vulgaris cytoplasm. Although the tepary-bean parents represented two subspecies and both cultivated and wild P. acutifolius, the three sets of reciprocal-hybrid pedigrees with P. vulgaris ‘Red Cloud’ are surprisingly similar. It may be that the ‘exotic’ parent used to develop a CBC pedigree should be selected more for combining ability in the interspecific cross than for specific economic traits. While the number of generations (six or more) required to produce fertile, intermediate CBC hybrids (that did not require embryo rescue) may preclude routine use of this method by practical plant breeders, the crossability of advanced hybrids with both parental species and the amount of variability apparent in advanced-hybrids progenies suggests that CBC would be valuable for maintaining ‘exotic’ germplasm in immediately useful forms.

Patterns of Life Structure and Variability in Self

This paper investigates the relationship between patterns of life structure and variability in self. It presents new methods for assessing two kinds of variability in self and four dimensions of life structure (complexity, conflict, flexibility, and compartmentation). Data for these measures were gathered through the design of a research program in which subjects were invited into the data-gathering process as co-inquirers. Empirical data reveal a congruence between variability of self and the nature of a person's environment as it is reflected in dimensions of life structure. Variability of self is linked with the occupation of complex, flexible, compartmented, and highly conflictful life structures. Theoretical implications point toward the need to consider patterns of life structure and variability of self as dimensions of individual differences.