Corporate Social Responsibility Variables Research Articles

The Effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Firm Size, Profitability, Leverage and Earning Persistence on Company Value

The study aims to test the effect of CSR, firm size, profitability, leverage and earning persistence on company value. The study was conducted primary consumer companies in food and beverage subsector listed in Indonesian Stock Exchange in the period 2019-2022. Sample selection in this study used the method of purposive sampling and obtained 25 samples. Data used in research is quantitative obtained from secondary data using unbalance data. Test results using the SPSS 26 analytical tool. This study shows that CSR variables, firm size, and earnings persistence have no effect on company value, while profitability and leverage variables have a positive effect on company value. This research contributes to corporate management on the importance of company value in the business.

The Effect Of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure, Independent Commissioner, Audit Committee And Company Size On Tax Aggressiveness

This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure; independent commissioner; audit committee; and company size on Tax Aggressiveness in mining companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The population in this study is 53 mining sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2020-2022 period. The research sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique in order to obtain 15 companies that met the research criteria during the 2020-2022 timeframe. Data analysis used multiple linear regression analysis techniques. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Based on the results of the tests that have been carried out, it shows that the Corporate Social Responsibility variable, the independent commissioner and the audit committee has no significant effect on tax aggressiveness. The company size variable has a positive effect on tax aggressiveness. Simultaneously the variables of corporate social responsibility, independent commissioners, audit committees and company size have no significant effect on tax aggressiveness. The weakness of this research is the limitation of the use of research variables. Moreover, researchers only use research objects in specific sectors for a limited period of time, i.e. for 3 years.

Model of dimensions and variables of corporate social responsibility updated through structural equations.

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a constantly evolving concept that reflects changes in society and the expectations of stakeholders in a process that leads companies to adapt to respond to new challenges and demands. Similarly, the theory and practice of CSR have moved from regulatory compliance to a more holistic approach that requires more sophisticated models that allow for a deeper understanding. Following the fact that companies now have access to a greater amount of information related to their social and environmental performance, as well as comparative data from other organizations, which is why it is necessary to have a management tool that allows collecting, process, and generating more accurate and meaningful metrics that more effectively reflect a company's impact on society. Consequently, the present work aims to identify a system of variables and dimensions representative of the management of organizations that allows the validation of a generic model of corporate social responsibility determined through factorial and structural modeling capable of reflecting more accurate and up-to-date dimensions and metrics of model variables and dimensions. To carry out the study, a sample of 667 middle and senior managers from medium and large companies in Guayas, Ecuador, were randomly contacted in their respective business contexts by trained interviewers. The data processing was carried out in stages. First, the exploratory factorial analysis method of the items was applied to form relevant factors. Then, the dimensions' structural modeling was formulated and ratified through the pertinent goodness-of-fit indices. The results determined a system of correlated factors whose items present estimators of commonality and high and significant factorial loads, excluding variables that did not exceed the sensitization criteria applied. Finally, a model made up of 15 factors and 66 variables ratified using the comparative adjustment indices, the chi-square likelihood ratio, and the mean square error of approximation is introduced, confirming the proposed corporate social responsibility model.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Corporate Financial Performance and the Confounding Effects of Economic Fluctuations

This study aims to explore the relationship between Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and corporate financial performance in five different countries: USA, UK, Germany, Japan, and Australia. Data is obtained from studies that measure CSR through various metrics, such as CSR Index, CSR Score, CSR Disclosure, CSR Rating, and CSR Spending, while financial performance is measured using various indicators such as Return on Assets (ROA), Return on Equity (ROE), Net Profit Margin, Tobin's Q, Operating Income, and Market Value. Data analysis was performed using linear regression statistical methods to evaluate the relationship between CSR variables and financial performance. It found that there was a significant positive relationship between CSR and corporate financial performance in all countries studied. Companies that are more active in CSR activities tend to record better financial performance. Variations between countries suggest that local context influences the strength of these relationships. The managerial implication of these findings is that investing in CSR can improve a company's reputation, strengthen its position in the market, and improve long-term financial performance. However, further studies are still needed to understand the factors influencing the relationship between CSR and financial performance across various industry and geographic contexts.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance of Commercial Banks in Rwanda: A Case of BPR Bank Rwanda Plc

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) denotes firms’ commitment to conduct their activities ethically by considering their social, economic and environment effects. CSR can be vital for commercial banks in Rwanda in creating lasting corporate image that serve to benefit their financial performance. The present research examined the contribution of CSR on financial performance of commercial banks in Rwanda using a case of BPR Bank Rwanda Plc, located in Nyarugenge District, Rwanda. A descriptive and correlational research design was adopted using both quantitative and qualitative approaches. The target population of this research was 125 employees from the bank and sample size of 96 selected using stratified random sampling technique. Data collection was done using questionnaire and interview guide. Secondary data was obtained using desk research from financial statements published by the bank. Pearson correlation and multilinear regression analyses were performed to measure the effect. The findings on employee trainings (r=0.233, p=0.022) was significantly and positively related to financial performance of commercial banks. Since the p-value was less than 5%, then the correlation was statistically significant. Similarly, charity work (r=0.283, p=0.005) and community development projects (r=0.475, p=0.000) positively influence the financial performance of BPR, since the p-value were less than 5%. All the indicator variables of CSR were seen to have positive effect on financial performance of commercial banks though with low correlation. The regression model (F=23.917, p=0.000) was statistically significant since the p-value was less than 5%. The researcher recommends that bank managers should analyze the viability of the current CSR strategies before launching new strategies. It is only after critical analysis that managers can use new CSR strategies. They should also make sure that any new CSR strategies are aligned to the overall mission and vison of the bank.

The Influence of Internal Corporate Social Responsibility Factors on the Innovation Climate of Employees in the Healthcare Industry

This study examined the relationship between employee innovation and employee-initiated corporate social responsibility (CSR) elements in medical diagnostic enterprises in Pakistan during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research identified nine variables of employee-driven CSR, including communication, empowerment, and work satisfaction. Theoretical framework of the study based on theory of corporate social responsibility and expectancy theory of motivation. It evaluated their effects on the atmosphere for employee innovation using statistical analysis by using SPSS and after collecting data by using a survey questionnaire. The study population was employees working in the healthcare industry in Pakistan. The findings showed that employee-driven CSR and innovation were significantly correlated, with work satisfaction having the most impact. Overall, this quantitative study provides important insights for both theoretical understanding and practical application in fostering innovation through CSR initiatives. It emphasizes the critical role of job satisfaction as a key motivating factor for innovation within the framework of employee-driven CSR in the medical diagnostics sector.

SUSTAINABILITY-ORIENTED INNOVATION AND CSR: A QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IN BRAZILIAN MULTINATIONALS

Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze the relationship between Sustainability-Oriented Innovation (SOI) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in Brazilian multinationals. Theoretical Framework: The theoretical framework provides relevant information on CSR and SOI, which forms the basis for the development of hypotheses. Method: To collect data, an e-survey was conducted with Brazilian multinationals operating in various industries and segments, resulting in 60 valid questionnaires. The data was analyzed through multivariate analysis, employing canonical correlation and multiple linear regression procedures. Results and Discussion: The results of the multivariate analysis empirically supported five hypotheses (h1, h2, h3, h4, and h5). However, the results did not support the hypothesis that predicted a positive correlation between SOI practices and CSR as a differentiation strategy. Research Implications: The practical and theoretical implications of this research are significant, particularly in shedding light on emerging market multinationals, with a specific focus on Brazilian companies. By specifically examining Brazilian multinationals, this research fills a crucial gap in the literature, offering insights into the unique challenges and opportunities faced by firms from an emerging market like Brazil. Originality/Value: The findings of this study provide valuable guidance for Brazilian multinational corporations seeking to enhance their CSR initiatives and SOI practices. By understanding the relationships between CSR, SOI, and other key variables, these companies can develop more effective strategies to navigate global markets while simultaneously addressing social and environmental concerns.

Pengaruh Dewan Komisaris dan Corporate Social Responsibility terhadap Financial Performance Perusahaan Perbankan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia

The implementation of the Board of Commissioners and Corporate Social Responsibility is important for a company. By implementing the Board of Commissioners and Corporate Social Responsibility properly and correctly, it will improve the image of the company, this will also improve the company's Financial Performance. This research aims to determine the influence of the Board of Commissioners and Corporate Social Responsibility variables on Financial Performance in banks listed on the IDX. The sampling technique in this research used purposive sampling which produced 29 samples over 4 years, namely 116 samples. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis which is processed using Eviews Version 12. The research results show that only the Board of Commissioners has an influence on Financial Performance. while Corporate Social Responsibility has no effect on Financial Performance. Meanwhile, the results of the Board of Commissioners and Corporate Social Responsibility simultaneously have effect on Financial Performance.

PENGARUH ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP KINERJA KEUANGAN PADA PERUSAHAAN ENERGI YANG TERDAFTAR DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

This research aims to examine the influence of Environmental Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility on Financial Performance. The population in this research is all Energy companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2019-2022 period. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling method with predetermined criteria, so that a sample of 80 data from 20 companies for 4 years is obtained. The type of data used is secondary data obtained from the company’s annual report for the 2019-2022 period. Hypothesis testing in this research used multiple linear regression analysis methods using the SPSS 26.0 program. The results of this research indicate that partially the Environmental Performance variable has a positive effect on Financial Performance, while the Corporate Social Responsibility variable has no effect on Financial Performance and simultaneously the Environmental Performance and Corporate Social Responsibility variables have a positive effect on Financial Performance.

COMPANY VALUE IN KOMPAS 100 INDEX PERIOD 2017-2021: THE ROLE OF GOOD CORPORATE GOVERNANCE, CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, AND FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE

The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Enterprise Risk Management (ERM), and Financial Performance on Company Value. The samples included in this study comprised of companies that were listed in the KOMPAS100 index for the period spanning from 2017 to 2021. The sampling methodology employed in this study was the use of simple random sampling, resulting in a sample size of 40 companies. The employed analytical framework is multiple linear regression analysis, enabled by the application of SPSS software. The findings of this study indicate that the variables of GCG (Good Corporate Governance), CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility), ERM (Enterprise Risk Management), and Financial Performance collectively exert a substantial and favorable impact on the value of a company. To a certain extent, the variables of GCG (Good Corporate Governance) and Financial Performance exhibit a notable and favorable influence on the valuation of a company. Conversely, the factors of CSR (Corporate Social Responsibility) and ERM (Enterprise Risk Management) do not show a statistically significant impact on the magnitude of Company Value. Thus, investors may take into account the inclusion of data pertaining to a company's Good Corporate Governance (GCG) policies and Financial Performance when making investment choices. Company management must acknowledge the significance of implementing efficacious corporate governance processes and augmenting financial performance as strategic measures to enhance the value of the organization.

Corporate Social Responsibility as a Determinant of Competitiveness in Supermarkets

The research aimed to analyze the contribution of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to the competitiveness of supermarkets in Florencia, Caquetá in southern Colombia. In a sample of six supermarkets, a self-assessment survey of CSR and competitiveness variables was carried out for 2021 to 2022, consisting of six dimensions: values and ethical principles, responsible marketing, economy and finance, social commitment, quality of working life, and environment. The tool makes it possible to measure the commitment of the organization's CSR activities to competitiveness. The environment is the dimension with the lowest score and contribution to competitiveness in the dimensions evaluated in the supermarkets (2.0 on a scale of 0.0 - 3.0). According to the correlation analysis, there is a relationship between CSR and competitive position. Awareness-raising and training actions aimed at stakeholders are proposed.

Analysis of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Implementation in The Achievement of Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): Study of CSR Activities at PT Bio Farma (Persero) West Bandung

This study aims to analyze and examine the impact of CSR programs that are oriented and support the sustainable development program of PT Bio Farma (Persero). This research also focuses on analyzing the influence of CSR variables on SDGs with ROE as an intervening variable. This type of research is explanatory research with a quantitative approach. The data source comes from secondary data in the form of financial reports and corporate sustainability reports published on the company's official website from 2018 to 2021. The results of this study indicate that PT Bio Farma (Persero) has partially implemented the GRI Standards with a total score of 66%. In addition, the results of data analysis show that: 1) CSR has a significant positive effect on SDGs; 2) CSR has no significant effect on ROE; 3) SDGs has no significant effect on ROE; 4) The effect of CSR through SDGs on ROE is not significant.

The Effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Capital Structure on Firm Value With Profitability As an Intervening Variable in Banking Companies

This study aims to test and analyze the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG), Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), and Capital Structure on Firm Value with intervening variable Profitability. The sample used is six (6) banking companies that are included in the First Movers on Sustainable Banking category initiated by the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and the World Wide Fund for Nature (WWF-Indonesia) and meet other predetermined criteria. The analysis method uses the path analysis method. The results of this study indicate that GCG and CSR variables have a significant negative effect on profitability, while the capital structure has a significant positive effect on profitability. Another finding of this study is that GCG and profitability have an insignificant positive effect on firm value, while CSR and capital structure have a significant positive effect on firm value. In addition, this study also found that profitability cannot mediate GCG, CSR, and capital structure on firm value.Capital Structure, Corporate Social Responsibility, Firm Value, Good Corporate Governance, Profitability

State Ownership and Corporate Social Responsibility: An Investigation on Nigerian Data

Purpose: The paper examines the central issue underpinning the growing international literature and arguments that different ownership types have varying implications for a firm’s CSR engagement. It compliments evolving studies by looking at the effect of state ownership and other types of ownership structures on CSR, specifically in the Nigerian industry. It is argued that the impact of ownership structure on corporate decisions to allocate resources to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has assumed renewed significance in the burgeoning literature of developing economies, given the exigency for corporate executives to allocate firm specific resources to other social objectives that may detract from profit maximization.
 Methodology: This paper differs markedly from the methodologies of previous studies which used composite CSR indices. It deconstructs CSR expenditure into five categories – public goods, socially desirable goods, corporate philanthropy, employee relations and environmental conservation – and estimates the effects of government, foreign and institutional ownership on CSR variables controlling for such factors as firm size, return on assets and capital intensity. Using new data on listed Nigerian firms, this paper carries out its empirical investigation with panel data estimation in order to deal with heterogeneity and endogeneity issues.
 Findings: The findings of this paper indicate that different ownership structures have varying implications for the five forms of CSR investigated in this study. It reveals that government ownership has no significant effect on CSR expenditure on public goods, corporate philanthropy and environmental conservation. However, it finds that government ownership also significantly influences CSR expenditure on socially desirable goods and employee relations.
 Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy:Theoretically, this paper extends the trajectory of CSR discourse to include an elaborate investigation of the impact of ownership structures on CSR practices in all the major sectors of Nigerian economy.The paper argues that its empirical results have several policy implications for good corporate governance practices in Nigeria and other emerging economies. This paper suggests the need to institute incentives schemes and regulatory constraints that would compel government, foreign and institutional ownership to align their incentives with some forms of CSR practices.

PENGARUH PENERAPAN GREEN ACCOUNTING DAN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PERUSAHAAN DENGAN CITRA PERUSAHAAN SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERATING

This study aims to analyze the influence between green accounting and Corporate Social Responsibility variables on company profitability and the effect between green accounting and Corporate Social Responsibility which is moderated by corporate image on company profitability. The results of this study are expected to be able to contribute to company management in applying these two concepts as an effort to maximize profitability and corporate image. This research method uses a quantitative causality approach. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and obtained a sample of 16 food and beverage companies. Data processing uses SmartPLS 4. The results of this study show that green accounting has a negative and not significant effect on profitability, Corporate Social Responsibility has a negative and significant effect on company profitability, green accounting has a negative and significant effect on company profitability through corporate image, and Corporate Social Responsibility has a positive effect and not significant to company profitability through corporate image.

Faktor penentu Nilai Perusahaan pada Perusahaan Manufaktur sub sektor Makanan dan Minuman

The success of a company’s performance can be seen through the value of the company. The higher the value of the company, the investors will be interested in investing. The economic recovery after the pandemic caused people to decide to invest in company shares. The purpose of this study is to provide empirical evidence regarding the effect of corporate social responsibility, managerial gender diversity, managerial nationality diversity and managerial educational background on firm value. This study uses food and beverage sub sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in the 2018-2020 with a total sample of 55. This research method uses multiple linear regression analysis and uses the SPPSS 26 application. The results of the study state that the variables of corporate social responsibility and managerial gender diversity have a positive effect on firm value. Meanwhile, managerial nationality diversity and managerial educational background diversity have no effect on firm value.

The Effect of Profitability, Leverage, Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Size on Company Value with Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating Variable in Technology Companies Listed on the Bei in 2019-2022

This study aims to obtain empirical evidence of the influence of Profitability, Leverage, Corporate Social Responsibility and Firm Size on Company Value with Good Corporate Governance as a moderating variable. The population in this study are technology sector companies listed on the IDX in 2019-2022. The sample in this study were 11 companies for 4 years, so the total sample was 44. The data analysis technique used was Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) with a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the variable profitability and firm size had an effect on firm value, while leverage and corporate social responsibility had no effect on firm value. Good corporate governance variables can moderate profitability and firm size on firm value, but cannot moderate leverage and corporate social responsibility variables on firm value

The Effect of Financial Distress and Corporate Social Responsibility on Tax Avoidance (Case Study of Manufacturing Companies in the Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the years 2017-2021 Period)

This study aims to examine the effect of financial distress and corporate social responsibility on tax avoidance in the pharmaceutical manufacturing subsector during the period of 2017-2021. The population of this study consists of pharmaceutical manufacturing companies. The research methodology employed is quantitative. The data used for this study were obtained from the website www.idx.co.id and annual reports that have been audited for each year, accessible through the official websites of the respective companies. Data collection was conducted using purposive sampling, with a total sample size of 30 data points over a 5-year observation period. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 for Windows. The results of the analysis indicate that the variable of financial distress does not have a significant effect on tax avoidance, while the variable of corporate social responsibility has a negative effect on tax avoidance.

Corporate Social Responsibility and Shareholders’ Wealth of Industrial Goods Producing Companies Listed on the Exchange Group PLC of Nigeria

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine how the practices of corporate social responsibility (CSR) influence the wealth of shareholders of industrial goods producing companies listed on the Exchange Group Plc of Nigeria and other developing countries. Theoretical Framework: The role played by CSR practices in enhancing shareholders’ wealth has attracted the interests of companies’ executives and policy makers all over the world. The theoretical foundations of this research work are provided by the Shareholder Value Theory, the stakeholder theory, the Business Ethics theory and the Agency theory. However, this work is anchored on the shareholder value theory propounded by Milton Friedman in 1970 and this is used to evaluate the influence of corporate social responsibility on shareholders’ wealth. Design/methodology/approach: The study uses the ex-post facto research design and judgemental sampling technique to select a sample of 10 industrial goods producing firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group Plc as at 31st December, 2021. Social responsibility relationships with the society, employees, suppliers, customers, tax authorities and lenders provide the basis for sample selection. Information from the financial statements of the sampled companies was used to compute weighted average cost of capital (WACC), rate of stock turnover, actual corporate tax rate, invested capital, leverage, return on equity (ROE), value of debts and value of equity. This approach facilitates the computation of economic value added (EVA) which is used as proxy for shareholders’ wealth. Firm-year observations of 1,840, ordinary least squares panel data regression, fixed and random effects models, stationarity test, cross-section dependence test and the Hausman test are used for data diagnosis and analysis. Findings: The research has disclosed that CSR to society positively and significantly influences shareholders’ wealth while CSR to suppliers and lenders have non-significant positive effect on shareholders’ wealth. Contrastingly, it is further revealed that CSR to employees and tax authorities have significant negative effects on shareholders’ wealth while CSR to customers negatively and non-significantly influences shareholders’ wealth. Research, Practical & Social implications: The implication for managers is that CSR relationship with society is value enhancing in Nigeria’s industrial goods sector while CSR relationships with employees and tax authorities are value destroying. Value enhancing results of the dealings with suppliers and lenders and the value destroying result of the dealings with customers lack sufficient evidence. This research has helped in filling the gap in the existing literature and in serving as the basis for the economic and social development of Nigeria and other developing and developed countries of the world. Originality/value: This is the first time in the industrial goods sector that we are associating four new corporate social responsibility variables namely, CSR to suppliers, CSR to customers, CSR to tax authorities and CSR to lenders with shareholders’ wealth. This study encourages the revival of CSR to employees and CSR to tax authorities which are currently value destroying in the industrial goods sector of Nigeria.

Board Attributes and Corporate Social Responsibility: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Perspectives

The relationship between board attributes and corporate social responsibility (CSR) has gained considerable attention from academicians and researchers in the past few decades. This systematic literature review paper aims to analyse empirical evidence on the impact of board characteristics on CSR. A content analysis of 159 articles extracted systematically from the Scopus and WOS databases revealed a significant upsurge in the area in the last decade mainly in the past three years. It was found that a large majority of the existing works were single-country studies mainly from the developed nations; though cross-country works and research from developing countries have gained momentum in recent years. The study highlighted important trends in publication in the area, the most researched as well as less analysed board attributes, various measures of CSR variables, the type of sample organisations considered, and commonly used research techniques. The study makes a useful contribution to the extant literature by providing insight into the existing works and indicating knowledge gaps and future research perspectives. The findings of the study would also be useful for the policy makers and regulators in further strengthening the corporate governance codes and regulations, so as to help organisations in improving their social performance.