Muscle Mass Variables Research Articles

Cystatin C as a Marker of Kidney Function in Children.

This review examines the reliability of cystatin C as a biomarker for kidney function in paediatric populations. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) affects a significant number of children globally, leading to severe health complications such as anaemia, hypertension, and growth disorders. Traditionally, kidney function has been assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate derived from serum creatinine, though this method is flawed due to variability in muscle mass, age, gender, and diet. Cystatin C offers an alternative as it is less influenced by these factors. Evidence from various studies indicates that cystatin C provides a more accurate assessment of kidney function, especially in neonates and children with urinary tract malformations. Additionally, it is more reliable in early detection of acute kidney injury in paediatric intensive care units. Despite its potential, cystatin C is not yet widely adopted in clinical guidelines, primarily due to a lack of large-scale paediatric studies. Nonetheless, existing research supports its utility in providing a consistent and precise measure of kidney function across different paediatric age groups, suggesting that it could enhance early diagnosis and management of CKD in children if more extensive validation studies are conducted.

Normative values for body composition in 22,191 healthy Norwegian adults 20–99 years: The HUNT4 study

BackgroundBody mass, body mass index (BMI), and body composition components are essential for health and longevity. Considering the influence of demographic factors on body composition, there is a need for tailored reference values based on age-, sex-, and geography. We aimed to construct a comprehensive reference material on body composition in healthy Norwegian adults. MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we estimated age- and sex-specific reference values for body-, fat-, and muscle mass variables using multi-frequency bioelectrial impedance analysis (such as body fat percentage, skeletal muscle mass and visceral fat area) in 22,191 healthy adults aged 20–99 years participating in the Trøndelag Health Study 4 (HUNT4). We calculated the fat mass and skeletal muscle mass index as the total fat and muscle mass relative to height squared and used general linear models to explore the associations between physical activity (PA), BMI, and age. ResultsWith a BMI (kg/m2) of 25.4 (SD 5.1) and 26.0 (4.5) for women and men, respectively, the youngest age group (20–39 yrs) had a lower BMI compared to their counterparts aged 40–59 years (26.3 [4.5] and 27.5 [3.8]) and ≥ 60 years (25.7 [4.1] and 26.5 [3.4]), respectively. Those aged 20–39 years also had the lowest values for the different body fat variables measured. Fat mass index (kg/m2) was 8.41 (4.00) and 5.81 (3.29) for women and men aged 20–39 years, respectively, compared to 9.25 (3.21) and 6.86 (2.46) for those aged ≥60 years. The oldest age group had the lowest values for the various muscle mass variables; women and men aged 60+ years had a skeletal muscle mass index (kg/m2) of 8.91 (0.85) and 10.96 (1.00), respectively. Corresponding values for those aged 20–39 years were 9.33 (0.97) and 11.49 (1.15). For all age groups and both sexes, regular physical activity was associated with lower levels of fat mass, whereas the association between muscle mass and PAwas less conclusive. When using body fat percentage as an obesity measure, we observed a much higher obesity prevalence (41.2%) in the study population compared to BMI (17.3%). ConclusionsOur study offers a comprehensive reference for body composition among healthy adults in Norway, aiding the identification of abnormal fat and muscle mass values across age groups. We also highlight that BMI often misclassifies individuals with adiposity levels in the overweight or obese category as lean. Therefore, incorporating body composition when defining obesity could enable early intervention to prevent cardiometabolic diseases.

Association between psoas major muscle mass and CPET performance and long-term survival following major colorectal surgery: A retrospective cohort study

ObjectivesTo evaluate whether computed tomography (CT)-derived psoas major muscle measurements could predict preoperative cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) performance and long-term mortality in patients undergoing major colorectal surgery and to compare predictive performance of psoas muscle measurements using 2D approach and 3D approach. MethodsA retrospective cohort study compliant with STROCSS standards was conducted. Consecutive patients undergoing major colorectal surgery between January 2011 and January 2017 following CPET as part of their preoperative assessment were included. Regression analyses were modelled to investigate association between the CT-derived psoas major muscle mass variables [total psoas muscle area (TPMA), total psoas muscle volume (TPMV) and psoas muscle index (PMI)] and CPET performance and mortality (1-year and 5-year). Discriminative performances of the variables were evaluated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. ResultsA total of 457 eligible patients were included. The median TPMA and TPMV were 21 ​cm2 (IQR: 15–27) and 274 ​cm3 (IQR: 201–362), respectively. The median PMI measured via 2D and 3D approaches were 7 ​cm2/m2 (IQR: 6–9) and 99 ​cm3/m2 (IQR: 76–120), respectively. The risks of 1-year and 5-year mortality were 7.4% and 27.1%, respectively. Regression analyses showed TPMA, TPMV, and PMI can predict preoperative CPET performance and long-term mortality. However, ROC curve analyses showed no significant difference in predictive performance amongst TPMA, TPMV, and PMI. ConclusionRadiologically-measured psoas muscle mass variables may predict preoperative CPET performance and may be helpful with informing more objective selection of patients for preoperative CPET and prehabilitation.

Relationship of circulating resistin levels with muscle mass determined by bioelectrical impedance in females with obesity

IntroductionSerum resistin levels have been associated with obesity, visceral fat, and insulin resistance. Its relationship with muscle mass has been less evaluated. Objectivesto evaluate the relationship between muscle mass determined by electrical bioimpedance and circulating resistin levels in obese women over 60 years of age. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 313 obese women. Anthropometric data (weight, height, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference), BIA parameters (total fat mass (TFM), fat-free mass (FFM), fat-free mass index (FFMI)), skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI)), blood pressure and laboratory tests were recorded. ResultsPatients were divided into two different groups according to the mean value of SMI (11.93 kg/m2): low SMI versus high SMI. In the low SMI group, the resistin levels were higher than the resistin levels in the high SMI group (delta value: 2.8 + 0.3 ng/dl:p = 0.01). Serum resistin levels are inversely correlated with FFM, FFMI, SMM, and SMI. This adipokine shows a positive correlation with insulin, HOMA-IR and PCR levels. In the model with SMI as the dependent variable, resistin levels explained 12% of the variability in muscle mass (Beta −0.38, 95% CI −0.91 to −0.11). ConclusionsSerum resistin levels are associated with low skeletal muscle mass in obese women over 60 years of age.

Relación de los niveles de resistina circulantes con la masa muscular determinada por impedanciometría bioeléctrica en mujeres con obesidad

IntroductionSerum resistin levels have been associated with obesity, visceral fat, and insulin resistance. Its relationship with muscle mass has been less evaluated. ObjectivesTo evaluate the relationship between muscle mass determined by electrical bioimpedance and circulating resistin levels in obese women over 60 years of age. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in 313 obese women. Anthropometric data (weight, height, body mass index [BMI] and waist circumference), BIA parameters (total fat mass, fat-free mass, fat-free mass index), skeletal muscle mass and skeletal muscle mass index (SMI), blood pressure and laboratory tests were recorded. ResultsPatients were divided into two different groups according to the mean value of SMI (11.93kg/m2): low SMI versus high SMI. In the low SMI group, the resistin levels were higher than the resistin levels in the high SMI group (delta value: 2.8+0.3 ng/dl:p=0.01). Serum resistin levels are inversely correlated with fat-free mass, fat-free mass index, skeletal muscle mass, and SMI. This adipokine shows a positive correlation with insulin, HOMA-IR and PCR levels. In the model with SMI as the dependent variable, resistin levels explained 12% of the variability in muscle mass (Beta -0.38, 95% CI -0.91- -0.11). ConclusionsSerum resistin levels are associated with low skeletal muscle mass in obese women over 60 years of age.

Adherence to the Mediterranean diet, kinanthropometric characteristics and physical performance of young male handball players.

Handball is a team sport whose performance depends on a large number of factors. The objectives of the present study were to analyze the differences in physical performance, kinanthropometric variables, and adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD), in handball players according to sports category, as well as the possible relationships between these variables. One hundred and thirty-three male handball players (35 infant; 46 cadets; 26 juniors and 26 seniors players) underwent a kinanthropometric analysis following the ISAK protocol, self-completed the KIDMED questionnaire, and their physical condition was evaluated with different physical tests. Significant differences (p<0.001-0.007) were found between the sports categories in most of the physical condition variables and anthropometric characteristics, but not in the degree of adherence to the MD. The predominant level of adherence to the MD was medium (47.4%), followed by good (42.1%), and correlated with the body mass, the height, the BMI, the muscle mass and the ∑3-girths sum corrected, but not with physical test results. A multiple linear regression analysis showed that the fat mass and muscle mass variables had a more specific weight in the results of the physical fitness tests. There are differences according to sports category in kinanthropometric characteristics and physical fitness tests in adolescent handball players. The predominant degrees of adherence to the MD were medium and good. A relationship was found between anthropometric characteristics and physical performance in handball players.

Role of Menopausal Transition and Physical Activity in Loss of Lean and Muscle Mass: A Follow-Up Study in Middle-Aged Finnish Women.

In midlife, women experience hormonal changes due to menopausal transition. A decrease especially in estradiol has been hypothesized to cause loss of muscle mass. This study investigated the effect of menopausal transition on changes in lean and muscle mass, from the total body to the muscle fiber level, among 47–55-year-old women. Data were used from the Estrogenic Regulation of Muscle Apoptosis (ERMA) study, where 234 women were followed from perimenopause to early postmenopause. Hormone levels (estradiol and follicle stimulating hormone), total and regional body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and computed tomography (CT) scans), physical activity level (self-reported and accelerometer-measured) and muscle fiber properties (muscle biopsy) were assessed at baseline and at early postmenopause. Significant decreases were seen in lean body mass (LBM), lean body mass index (LBMI), appendicular lean mass (ALM), appendicular lean mass index (ALMI), leg lean mass and thigh muscle cross-sectional area (CSA). Menopausal status was a significant predictor for all tested muscle mass variables, while physical activity was an additional significant contributor for LBM, ALM, ALMI, leg lean mass and relative muscle CSA. Menopausal transition was associated with loss of muscle mass at multiple anatomical levels, while physical activity was beneficial for the maintenance of skeletal muscle mass.

Estimating and tracking renal function in children and adults with spina bifida

Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in the general population is stable in children after 2 years of age until adulthood. In the first three decades after age 18, eGFR decreases by 0.3-0.8ml/min/1.73m2/year. Little data exists regarding eGFR changes in the spina bifida (SB) population given variability in muscle mass. In the absence of a validated SB-specific eGFR formula, the performance of different eGFR formulas may vary. We performed a cross-sectional study (1) to determine trends in eGFR with increasing age in children and adults with SB and (2) to compare eGFRs calculated using different formulas. We retrospectively reviewed records of patients 2-50 years old with SB followed at our institution (2014-2019). We determined eGFR using four pediatric formulas (2-17 years: CKiDSCr, CKiDCys, CKiDSCr-Cys, ZappitelliSCr-Cys) and four adult formulas (18+years: MDRDSCr, CKD-EPISCr, CKD-EPICys, CKD-EPISCr-Cys). One eGFR per patient was included (most recent eGFR for those with serial measurements). Patients were categorized as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2 (eGFR 60-89) and Stage 3+ (<60). Non-parametric tests, linear regression, and Spearman's correlation were used for analysis. Among 209 children with SB (median age 10.3 years), depending on the formula used, eGFR decreased by -0.7 to -1.8ml/min/1.73m2/year (CKiDCys, CKiDScr, p≤0.001), remained stable (CKiDSCr-Cys, p=0.41), or increased by +2.7/year (ZappitelliSCr-Cys, p<0.001) (Figure). The proportion of children with CKD 2 or higher varied between formulas (11.5-58.9%, p<0.001). Correlations between pediatric formulas were negligible to moderate. Comparing any two formulas, 12.0-65.6% of children were assigned a different CKD stage. Among 164 adults (median age 26.3), eGFR decreased for each formula (range: -1.3 to -2.2/year, p≤0.01) (Figure). The proportion of adults with CKD 2 or higher varied between formulas (9.2-30.5%, p<0.001). Correlations between adult formulas were moderate to very high. Comparing any two formulas, 8.5-26.8% of adults were assigned a different CKD stage. We cannot reliably determine whether eGFR changed during childhood. Among adults, eGFR decreased with age for every formula evaluated at greater than twice the general population rate. Without a validated SB-specific eGFR formula, we are left with formulas providing different results. Estimated GFR among adults with SB appears to deteriorate at a higher rate than in the general population. Due to lack of precision of accepted eGFR formulas in the SB population, this may be a real phenomenon, an artifact of inaccurate eGFR formulas, or both. A validated SB-specific eGFR formula is needed.

Association of type 2 diabetes with anthropometrics, bone mineral density, and body composition in a large-scale screening study of Korean adults.

ObjectivesType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common, chronic disease that is closely associated with anthropometric indices related to obesity. However, no study published to date has simultaneously examined the associations of T2DM with anthropometrics, bone mineral density (BMD), and body composition variables. The present study aimed to evaluate the associations of T2DM with anthropometrics, BMD and body composition variables and to identify the best indicator of T2DM in Korean adults.MethodsThe data used in this study were obtained from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey conducted from 2008 to 2011. A total of 7,835 participants aged from 40 to 90 years were included in this study. A binary logistic regression analysis was performed to examine the significance of differences between the groups with and without T2DM, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCs) curves were calculated to compare the predictive power of all variables.ResultsIn men, waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) displayed the strongest association with T2DM (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.838 [1.513–2.233], adjusted p<0.001), and waist circumference (WC) and WHtR were the best indicators (WC: AUC = 0.662 [0.639–0.685], WHtR: AUC = 0.680 [0.658–0.703]) of T2DM among all the variables. In women, left leg (LL) and right leg (RL) fat displayed strong negative associations with T2DM (LL fat: adjusted OR = 0.367 [0.321–0.419], adjusted p<0.001, RL fat: adjusted OR = 0.375 [0.329–0.428], adjusted p<0.001), and WC and WHtR were excellent indicators (WC: AUC = 0.730 [0.709–0.750], WHtR: AUC = 0.747 [0.728–0.766]) of T2DM among all the variables. In particular, the WHtR in men and LL and RL fat in women exhibited the strongest associations with T2DM, and the predictive power of the WC and WHtR was stronger than BMD, fat, and muscle mass variables in both men and women. Additionally, the predictive power of the WC and WHtR was stronger in women than in men.DiscussionOf the anthropometric indices, BMD, and body fat and muscle variables, the best indicators of T2DM were WC and WHtR in both Korean men and women. The results of the present investigation will provide basic information for clinical studies of patients with T2DM and evidence for the prevention and management of T2DM.

The association of medical and demographic characteristics with sarcopenia and low muscle radiodensity in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer

Sarcopenia and low skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD) have been associated with adverse outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC); however, factors contributing to these 2 muscle abnormalities are unclear. The aim of this study was to investigate the association of medical and demographic characteristics with muscle abnormalities among patients with nonmetastatic CRC. Patients with stage I-III invasive CRC (2006-11) who had diagnostic computed tomography (CT) available from Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic medical records were included. CT-assessed sarcopenia and low SMD were defined according to optimal stratification. Logistic regressions including age, stage, site, total adipose tissue (TAT), race/ethnicity, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, smoking history, alcohol use, and Charlson Comorbidity Score were performed to identify characteristics associated with muscle abnormalities. The study included 3262 patients (49.9% females) with a mean ± SD age of 62.6 ± 11.4 y. Sarcopenia and low SMD were highly prevalent (42.4% and 29.6%, respectively). Age and sex interactions were noted for muscle mass, but not SMD. Age was associated with higher odds of muscle abnormalities in a dose-response manner. Compared with those aged ≤50 y, patients aged 70-80 y had considerably higher odds (OR: 6.19; 95% CI: 4.72, 8.11) of sarcopenia, and low SMD (OR: 17.81; 95% CI: 11.73, 27.03). High TAT was related to a higher odds of low SMD (OR: 9.62; 95% CI: 7.37, 12.56), but lower odds of sarcopenia (OR: 0.59; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.71). Compared with Caucasians, African Americans had lower odds of sarcopenia and low SMD. Patients with a higher neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio had higher odds of having both muscle abnormalities. Patients who were smokers or had any comorbidity had higher odds of low SMD, but not sarcopenia. Muscle abnormalities were common in patients with nonmetastatic CRC, with great variability in muscle mass and SMD across age, TAT, and race/ethnicity. Factors associated with muscle abnormalities may be used to facilitate risk stratification and the guidance of targeted strategies to counteract these abnormalities.

Relationship of Muscle Mass Determined by DEXA with Spirometric Results in Healthy Individuals

IntroductionMuscle mass maybe a determining factor in the variability of spirometry results in individuals of the same sex and age who have similar anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the association between spirometric results from healthy individuals and their muscle mass assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). MethodsA sample of 161 women and 144 men, all healthy non-smokers, was studied. Ages ranged from18 to77years. For each subject, spirometry results and total and regional lean mass values obtained by full body DEXA were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the variables and a regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between spirometric variables and lean body mass, correcting for age and body mass index (BMI). ResultsIn both sexes all muscle mass variables correlated positively and significantly with spirometric variables, and to a greater extent in men. After partial adjustment of correlations by age and BMI, the factor which best explains the spirometric variables is the total lean body mass in men, and trunk lean body mass in women. ConclusionsIn men, muscle mass in the lower extremities is most closely associated with spirometric results. In women, it is the muscle mass of the trunk. In both sexes muscle mass mainly affects FEV1.

Asociación de la masa muscular determinada mediante DEXA con los resultados espirométricos de individuos sanos

IntroductionMuscle mass maybe a determining factor in the variability of spirometry results in individuals of the same sex and age who have similar anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study was to determine the association between spirometric results from healthy individuals and their muscle mass assessed by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). MethodsA sample of 161 women and 144 men, all healthy non-smokers, was studied. Ages ranged from18 to77years. For each subject, spirometry results and total and regional lean mass values obtained by full body DEXA were recorded. A descriptive analysis of the variables and a regression analysis were performed to study the relationship between spirometric variables and lean body mass, correcting for age and body mass index (BMI). ResultsIn both sexes all muscle mass variables correlated positively and significantly with spirometric variables, and to a greater extent in men. After partial adjustment of correlations by age and BMI, the factor which best explains the spirometric variables is the total lean body mass in men, and trunk lean body mass in women. ConclusionsIn men, muscle mass in the lower extremities is most closely associated with spirometric results. In women, it is the muscle mass of the trunk. In both sexes muscle mass mainly affects FEV1.

Baseline Muscle Mass Is a Poor Predictor of Functional Overload-Induced Gain in the Mouse Model

Genetic background contributes substantially to individual variability in muscle mass. Muscle hypertrophy in response to resistance training can also vary extensively. However, it is less clear if muscle mass at baseline is predictive of the hypertrophic response. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of genetic background on variability in muscle mass at baseline and in the adaptive response of the mouse fast- and slow-twitch muscles to overload. Males of eight laboratory mouse strains: C57BL/6J (B6, n = 17), BALB/cByJ (n = 7), DBA/2J (D2, n = 12), B6.A-(rs3676616-D10Utsw1)/Kjn (B6.A, n = 9), C57BL/6J-Chr10A/J/NaJ (B6.A10, n = 8), BEH+/+ (n = 11), BEH (n = 12), and DUHi (n = 12), were studied. Compensatory growth of soleus and plantaris muscles was triggered by a 4-week overload induced by synergist unilateral ablation. Muscle weight in the control leg (baseline) varied from 5.2 ± 07 mg soleus and 11.4 ± 1.3 mg plantaris in D2 mice to 18.0 ± 1.7 mg soleus in DUHi and 43.7 ± 2.6 mg plantaris in BEH (p < 0.001 for both muscles). In addition, soleus in the B6.A10 strain was ~40% larger (p < 0.001) compared to the B6. Functional overload increased muscle weight, however, the extent of gain was strain-dependent for both soleus (p < 0.01) and plantaris (p < 0.02) even after accounting for the baseline differences. For the soleus muscle, the BEH strain emerged as the least responsive, with a 1.3-fold increase, compared to a 1.7-fold gain in the most responsive D2 strain, and there was no difference in the gain between the B6.A10 and B6 strains. The BEH strain appeared the least responsive in the gain of plantaris as well, 1.3-fold, compared to ~1.5-fold gain in the remaining strains. We conclude that variation in muscle mass at baseline is not a reliable predictor of that in the overload-induced gain. This suggests that a different set of genes influence variability in muscle mass acquired in the process of normal development, growth, and maintenance, and in the process of adaptive growth of the muscle challenged by overload.

Prediction of Lower Limb Isometric Strength from Regional Muscle Mass Variables in Adolescents

The relationship between muscle size and strength has been published in the literature, however less is known about its actual association for adolescents. The identification of anthropometric muscle mass indicators that best predict strength across age taking in account growth and maturation processes, must be useful in field settings for screening sport talents, and sport training with young. PURPOSE: To analyze the association between lower-limb strength (LLS) and regional skeletal muscle mass (SMM) variables in young athletes and non-athletes. Secondly, to identify which regional SMM indicators are more successful predictors of LLS after adjusted for maturation. METHODS: SMM variables were assessed by anthropometric measures in 166 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (15.2 ± 1.7 yrs, BMI = 21.9 ± 3.9 kg·m-2). The volunteers were recruited from local high-schools and local sport clubs. Athletes (AT) and non-athletes (NAT) were identified using an ad hoc questionnaire (NA = 99, 42 boys, 57 girls, and A = 67, 42 boys, 25 girls). Skeletal muscle mass (SMM) was calculated by anthropometric-derived equations. A dynamometer device was used to assess LLS. Partial correlations were carried out to determine associations between BC variables and strength values. The best-correlated variables with LLS performance were included in a stepwise regression analysis to determine SMM predictors. RESULTS: As expected AT were stronger than NA (80.3 ± 32.3 vs 58.4 ± 27.1 kg, p<0.001). The best correlation between SMM variables and LLS test was for total SMM in NAT boys after controlled by height (r = 0.520, p<0.001). When participants were pooled together, SMM, athlete condition and height were predictors of LLS test (R-squared = 0.484, p<0.001). Similar results were found for an alternative model including mid-calf corrected girth (CCG), athlete condition, gender and height (R-squared = 0.485, p<0.001). Surprisingly, age at peak height velocity was not found as a predictor of LLS. CONCLUSIONS: In accordance with other studies, our results confirm that lower-limb strength performance in adolescents was partially dependent on SMM. The main finding was that a simple measure as CCG can contribute to develop youth predictive models of sport performance and talent identification. Funded by Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competiveness (grant: DEP2011-30565)

Reduced muscle mass and bone size in pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Decreased bone mineral density has been reported in children with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We used peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) to assess bone mineralization, geometry, and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) in pediatric IBD. In a cross-sectional study, pQCT of the forearm was applied in 143 IBD patients (mean age 13.9 +/- 3.5 years); 29% were newly diagnosed, 98 had Crohn's disease, and 45 had ulcerative colitis. Auxological data, cumulative glucocorticoid dose, disease activity indices, laboratory markers for inflammation, and bone metabolism were related to the results of pQCT. Patients were compromised in height (-0.82 +/- 1.1 SD), weight (-0.77 +/- 1.0 SD), muscle mass (-1.12 +/- 1.0 SD), and total bone cross-sectional area (-0.79 +/- 1.0 SD) compared to age- and sex-matched healthy controls (z-scores). In newly diagnosed patients, the ratio of bone mineral mass per muscle CSA was higher than in those with longer disease duration (1.00 versus 0.30, P = 0.007). Serum albumin level and disease activity correlated with muscle mass, accounting for 41.0% of variability in muscle mass (P < 0.01). The trabecular bone mineral density z-score was on average at the lower normal level (-0.40 +/- 1.3 SD, P < 0.05). Reduced bone geometry was explained only in part by reduced height. Bone disease in children with IBD seems to be secondary to muscle wasting, which is already present at diagnosis. With longer disease duration, bone adapts to the lower muscle CSA. Serum albumin concentration is a good marker for muscle wasting and abnormal bone development.

S1051 Faecal Calprotectin Home Test in Ulcerative Colitis - Is It Possible?

S1051 Faecal Calprotectin Home Test in Ulcerative Colitis - Is It Possible?

Protein Intake for Skeletal Muscle Hypertrophy with Resistance Training in Seniors

Variability in protein consumption may influence muscle mass changes induced by resistance exercise training (RET). We sought to administer a post-exercise protein supplement and determine if daily protein intake variability affected variability in muscle mass gains. Men (N=22) and women (N=30) ranging in age from 60 to 69 y participated in a 12-wk RET program. At each RET session, participants consumed a post-exercise drink (0.4 g/kg lean mass protein). RET resulted in significant increases in lean mass (1.1 +/- 1.5 kg), similar between sexes (P > 0.05). Variability in mean daily protein intake was not associated with change in lean mass (r < 0.10, P > 0.05). The group with the highest protein intake (1.35 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), n=8) had similar (P > 0.05) changes in lean mass as the group with the lowest daily protein intake (0.72 g x kg(-1) x d(-1), n=9). These data suggest that variability in total daily protein intake does not affect variability in lean mass gains with RET in the context of post-exercise protein supplementation.