Variabilis Community Research Articles

Analysis for the relationship of environmental factors and vegetation structure at natural streamside valley and riparian forest in South Korea

We classified the streamside plant community by phyto-sociological method and analyzed the relationship between en vironment factors and vegetation structure by using the classification and ordination method. We found that twenty one plant communities were classified according to dominant species at the natural streamside valley forest with surveying the 65 quadrats (10 m × 10 m). From the survey results, the hardwood plant communities were classified as streamside valley forest and the softwood plant communities as riparian forest according to the degree of flooding. The valley forest had a distribution of 17 plant communities which was 65% (42 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Maackia amurensis community, Betula davurica community, Quercus variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. serrata community, Prunus sargentii community, and Meliosma oldhamii community etc. The riparian forest had a distribution of four plant communities which was 35% (23 quadrats) of 65 quadrats: Salix koreensis community, S. rorida community, S. purpurea var. japonica community, and S. glandulosa community, etc. From the two-way indicator species analysis (TWINSPAN) analysis, we found indicator species Oplismenus undulatifolius and Lindera obtusiloba for the streamside valley forest and Humulus japonicus, Phragmites japonica, and S. koreensis for the riparian forest. From the results of the canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), coordinates, altitude, and stream structure showed low correlation to the distribution of the plant community. Therefore, it seemed that valley forest and riparian forest were distinguished by the stream gradient and waterway width which determined by the stream water level.

하천의 생태적 복원을 위한 자연하천변의 목본성 식물군락에 대한 연구

하천의 복원을 위한 기초자료로 사용하고자 인간의 간섭에 의한 훼손이 없거나 적은 10개의 자연하천을 군집생태학적 방법으로 조사하여 통계적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 신갈나무군락과 소나무군락, 사시나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 산벚나무군락 등 총 29개의 식물군락으로 확인되었다. 하천식생은 계곡 계반림과 하변림으로 나누어졌다. 계곡 계반림은 경사가 급하고 물에 의한 영향이 적어 경목림이 우점하였고, 하변 연목림은 버드나무류로 대변되었다. 하천 선택시 자연성이 기준이 되어 인간의 간섭이 많은 하류보다 중 상류에 위치한 조사지가 많았고, 그에 따라 출현군락의 92%(44 plot)는 경목림이었고, 8%(4 plot)는 연목림이었다. 전층을 이용한 PCA 분석에서는 신갈나무군락 그룹과 산벚나무군락 그룹, 소나무군락 그룹, 산벚나무군락과 소나무군락 혼합 그룹, 기타군락 그룹으로 크게 5개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 교목층을 이용한 PCA 분석은 신갈나무군락 그룹, 산벚나무군락 그룹, 기타군락 그룹으로 크게 3개의 그룹으로 나누어졌다. 하천변에 출현한 식물군락은 경목림과 연목림으로 나누어졌으며, 이를 통해 하천제방권 및 고수위권은 신갈나무, 소나무, 사시나무, 굴참나무와 산벚나무 등의 종을 식재하는 것이 적합하고, 고수부지권 및 저수위권은 버드나무속 식물을 식재하는 것이 적합할 것으로 판단된다. 식재될 목본에 따른 초본의 선택은 통계분석에서 같은 그룹에 속해있고, 높은 빈도로 출현하는 종으로 하는 것이 적합하다고 판단된다. In order to get as ecological basic data for river restoration, vegetation investigation was conducted in natural river and analysed it synecological methods, such as ordination cluster. 29 plant communities units were identified and the major dominant plant communites were Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Populus davidiana community, Q. variabilis community and Prunus sargentii community. River vegetations were classified into ravine and gorge forest type and riverine softwood forest type. Ravine and gorge forest was dominanted by hardwood which located in steep slope and in high elevation, and riverine softwood forest by softwood, salix spp. Naturality was an important criterion for the selection of rivers, so many of the selected rivers are located in the upper stream and mid stream rather than the lower stream, where more human intervention is involved. Plant communities were consisted of hardwood forest(44 plots, 92%) and softwood forest(4 plot, 8%), respectively. PCA with total layer data showed 5 groups of communities: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, Pinus densiflora community group, Prunus sargentii community - Pinus densiflora community group and the rest communities group. PCA with tree layer showed 3 groups: Q. mongolica community group, Prunus sargentii community group, and the rest community group. Cluster analysis also a showed a similar communities group to PCA ordination, but Magnolia sieboldii community and Prunus sargentii community were distinguished from the PCA result. From the result, it can be concluded that the plant communities of riparian be divided into hardwood and softwood forest by statistical techniques. It was appropriate to plant species such as Quercus mongolica, Pinus densiflora, Populus davidiana, Quercus variabilis and Prunus sargentii, at levee zone and high water level. And Sliax spp. were appropriate for planted plants at waterfront and low water level. The herb species to be planted on the floodplain were recommanded in the species composition co-occurred with the woody species.

Species Composition and Community Characteristics of Forest Vegetation of Mt. Gaya in Chungnam

As a result of conducting the phytosociological clustering analysis on actual vegetation of Mt. Gaya in Chungnam province from June to October of 2011, the physiognomy dominant species were the Quercus mongolica community of natural forest, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus coreana community. Quercus dentata community, and Quercus variabilis community, and there were Pinus koraiensis forest and Pinus rigida forest for artificial forest. For the vegetation type, total 4 categories were identified through a mass analysis, such as Quercus mongolica community type of the ridge, Pinus densiflora community type of the southern slopes, Carpinus coreana community type of the middle slopes, and valley forest type. According to the species diversity the species diversity of a vegetation unit 4 was the lowest with 0.6976, and the species diversity of a vegetation unit 2 was the highest with 1.1256. For the dominance value, it was identified that many species are dominating as the dominance value of every vegetation unit was below 0.3. Also, among 4 vegetation type, it was identified that the valley forest type has more emergence type than other vegetation types, and this is considered to be a characteristic of the valley forest.

성주산의 식생

The forest vegetation of Mt. Seongju area, near Boryeong, was surveyed from August to October 2013. The vegetation of Mt. Seongju area classified into 13 main plant communities according to the dominant species: Pinus rigida community, Alnus hirsuta community, P. densiflora plantation, Larix leptolepis community, Chamaecyparis obtusa community, Pinus koraiensis community, Quercus variabilis community, Q. variabilis-P. densiflora community, Q. acutissima community, Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, P. densiflora - Q. variabilis community, and Carpinus laxiflora community. In addition, the Q. variabilis commintity is distributed on southern slope and Q. mongolica community on the northern slope. Carpinus laxiflora community distributed on the southern slope and ridge of the Mt. Seongju. Another specific communty was P. densiflora plantation, which was artificially planted as the purpose of a restoration after mining several years ago. Q. variabilis community showed higher diversity index than other communities. DGN 7 grade appeared 90.3% of Mt. Seongju area. The frequency distribution in DBH-class of dominant tree species for Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, and Carpinus laxiflora community showed stable community structure, but Quercus variabilis community showed intermediate stage of successional processes. The net primary productivity(NPP) was assumed as 1,588.22 g/m2/yr by Miami Model, and 1,488.39 g/m2/yr by Montreal model, respectively.

Phytosociological Study and Spatial autocorrelation on the Forest Vegetation of Mt. Yeonae at Gijang-gun

Abstract Mt. Yeonae is at Gijang-gun in Busan and is surrounded by farming lands on three sides. The search for the species composition and dynamics of local communities were studied at Mt. Yeonae of how spatial similarity decays with geographic distance. The index values of Zurich-Montpellier School’s phytosociology at the 12 plots was compared to a distribution of similarly using 20 m quadrates at 12 sites. The specific communities were five including Pinus densiflora – Quercus variabilis community. Six species were significant similarity between neighboring sites by using the spatial autocorrelation coefficient, Moran’s I. If Mt. Yeonae was destroyed by an artificial action, some spatial correlated species such as P. densiflora and Q. variabilis will be collapsed because of no maintaining the effective population sizes. Key words : Mt. Yeonae, Species composition, Phytosociology, Spatial autocorrelation 1. Introduction 1) Community ecology is predicted on the notion that the fitness of individual organisms depends on their own identity in relation to the identities and abundances of other community members (Huh, 2011). The search for patterns in the species composition and dynamics of local communities of interacting organisms, and for the processes that cause pattern, has seldom employed information about the phylogenetic relationships of species within those communities (Vane-Wright et al., 1991). Instead, species are usually treated as equivalent units, with independent functional traits (Roughgarden, 1989; Webb and Peart, 1999; Webb, 2000). In this article, we describe general methods for quantifying the phylogenetic structure of local communities of interacting organisms (relative to a shared species pool) and use data from a forest community in Mt. Yeonae (149.5 m) at Gijang-gun in Busan as an example of how this method can be used to address questions of community organization. Recently, the new road which is situated between Mt. Yeonae and Hoeryong-ri at Ilkweong-meon has been opened instead of old road. In addition, urban growth is gradually going on adjacent to Mt. Yeonae forest in Gijang-gun. Mt. Yeonae is surrounded by farming lands on three sides and the mountain is open towards the Hoeryong-ri in the northwest.Urbanization adjacent to natural regions and forests often results in simplification of habitats and a community of plant, which lead to fewer species dominated by habitat patch size to species richness, increasement of immigration and extinction rates, and

지리산국립공원의 산림식생에 관한 연구

In this study, the forest vegetation of Jirisan National Park were classified into 20 communities, 3 subcommunities by the Z-M method. In the analysis of environmental factors, the organic matter and total nitrogen had the highest correlation on the subalpine forests. among them Picea jezoensis community showed the highest, Betula ermanii community, Taxus cuspidata community, Pinus koraiensis community, Abies nephrolepis community and Abies koreana community were represented in order. the K, Mg, Ca had correlation on th montane forests; Quercus mongolica community, Quercus serrata community, Stewartia pseudocamellia community, Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community were in order. the total nitrogen, electrical conductivity and organic matter had the highest correlation of the montane ravine forests; Fraxinus mandshurica community, Abies holophylla community, Betula costata community, Cornus controversa community and Carpinus laxiflora community were in order.

자연림 군집형 분류에 의한 교란의 정도와 임분 발달 사이의 관련성 검토

The correlation between disturbance intensity and stand development was evaluated on the basis of natural forest community type classification in areas of Baekhaksan (more disturbed area) and Hwangaksan (less disturbed area). The vegetation data were collected by point-centered quarter sampling method, and they were subjected to cluster analysis for classifying community types and to analysis of species composition and species diversity for reviewing ecological characteristics. By the method of cluster analysis, natural forests of Baekhaksan were classified into Quercus forest community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, and Q. mongolica community. Those of Hwangaksan were divided into P. densiflora community, Q. mongolica community, Q. forest community, and Mixed mesophytic community. It is presumed that more developed and less disturbed forest area shows multiple species community pattern and more diversified structure than less developed and more disturbed forest area. In Korean peninsula, the abundance of red pine may play an important indicator to estimate the developmental pattern of the forest after artificial disturbance. The overall evaluation indicated that less disturbed Hwangaksan area had more developed stand pattern with mixed mesophytic community, more complicated species composition, and higher species diversity than Baekhaksan area.

식생 분포 확률 추정을 통한 북한산 국립공원의 잠재자연식생 추정

The study for the estimation potential natural vegetation was estimated the occurrence probability distribution using geographic information system(GIS) in Bukhansan National Park. Correlation and factor analysis were analyzed to estimate probability distribution. Coefficients were calculated by logistic regression analysis. Correlation coefficients were significantly at the 0.01 level. Commonality of elevation, annual mean temperature, warmth index and potential evapotranspiration were high value, but topographic index was low value. Communities of over the 0.3 points distribution probability, Quercus mogolica communities were the largest area, 76,940,900 <TEX>$m^2$</TEX>, Pinus densiflora communities area was 860,800 <TEX>$m^2$</TEX>, Quercus acutissima communities area was 500,100 <TEX>$m^2$</TEX> and Quercus variabilis communities area was 1,000 <TEX>$m^2$</TEX>, but Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Carpinus laxiflora and Zelcova serrata communities was not appeared. Therefore, potential national vegetation of Bukhansan national park was likely to be Q. mongolica community, P. densiflora community, Q. acutissima community and Q. variabilis community.

Vegetation of Gangcheonsan Provincial Park in Cheollabuk-do.

This study examined the status of the vegetation around Gangcheonsan provincial park located in Sunchang-gun in Jeollabuk-do and Damyang-gun in Jeollanam-do from June 4 to October 12, 2011. Gangcheonsan vegetation was arranged 9 plant communities in accordance with data of 28 releves. Major forest vegetation included Quercus variabilis communityand Quercus variabilis-Quercus serrata community, Pinus densiflora community, and Pinus densiflora-Quercus variabilis community (evergreen coniferous forest in all), and Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis community (plantation). Wetland vegetation included Salix gracilistyla community (riverbank forests), Phragmites japonica community, and Polygonia thunbergii community. Gangcheonsan Provincial Park has beautiful scenery that is in harmony with fantastically- shaped rocks, waterfalls, and valleys and conserves a specific plant community habitat distributed through the forest wetlands including its valleys. It is necessary to conduct long-term monitoring with its focus on Pinus densiflora community, Lycoris koreana community, and Lycoris squamigera community in the provincial park to grasp the characteristics of ecological inhabit changes in major communities and provide active methods for conservation, restoration, and publicity.

월출산 국립공원 추이대 군락의 수직적 분포를 통해 본 지구 온난화의 영향과 금후의 천이 가능성

This study aims at classifying and interpreting on the vegetation structure and analyzing the correlationship between communities and environmental conditions in Mt. Wolchulsan. We also predicted the succession possibility and the vertical distribution change of vegetations according to the global warming, through the pioneer species of a forest change and dominant species of canopy vegetations. We also analyzed the Raunkiaer's life-form. The communities in this ecotone are distributed vertically in the order of a Quercus acuta community, a Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community and a Q. serrata community. A Pinus densiflora community appears on the most of altitudes. The distribution of communities correlates highly with an altitude. The Q. serrata-Q. variabilis community will be succession to the Q. acuta community, and the Q. variabilis will be under natural selection gradually or remain locally. The Q. serrata community will possibly maintain as it is, and the P. densiflora community will be also under natural selection gradually. The valuable quantitative and numerical life-forms are confirmed and the layer structure of present vegetation will not be changed.

낙동정맥 애미랑재 지역의 식생구조 분석

This paper is to contribute for management and restoration as a basic study of vegetation structure in Aemirang Hill, Nakdongjeongmaek. To verify the characteristics of vegetation structure, we set up 25 plots(<TEX>$100m^2$</TEX>). The result of community analysis was used by TWINSPAN classification. The communities were classified 7 types i.e. Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community, Q. mongolica-Quercus variabilis community, Quercus mongolica-Betula davurica community, Larix leptolepis community. Pinus densiflora community and Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica community are progressively transforming a Quercus mongolica community that is called Pinus densiflora next succession stage. Whereas the communities that has dominant Quercus variabilis and Quercus mongolica did not appear a next generation succession tree such as Carpinus laxiflora, Carpinus cordata in the under story and shrub layer. Therefore, Aemirang Hill's ecological succession was to maintain the status condition. Aemirang Hill's diversity index is 0.5738 to 0.8906. It were analyzed that diversity index was lower than other places.

Vegetation and Soil Properties of the Young-bong Area in Woraksan National Park

This study was carried out to analyze vegetation, soil characteristic, and ordination of the Young-bong region in Woraksan National Park. Communities by species in Woraksan forest were composed of Quercus mongolica community group. This community group was classified into Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Carpinus cordata community and Quercus mongolica community. In the study, it was found that the composition of organic matter was 9.6~19.6%, nitrogen (0.3~0.7%), available phosphorous (4.5~8.8mg/kg), exchangeable K (), exchangeable Ca (), exchangeable Mg (), cation exchange capacity (C.E.C.; ), and pH was 4.5~5.1 respectively. The Carpinus cordata community were mostly found in high elevation and high percentage of total nitrogen, C.E.C., and organic matter. Controversially, Pinus densiflora community and Quercus variabilis community were found mostly in low elevation and low percentage of total nitrogen, C.E.C., and organic matter. The Quercus mongolica community were found in medium elevation and medium percentage of total nitrogen, C.E.C., and organic matter.

Vegetation and Flora in the Cheonbansan (Mt.), Jinan

The vascular plants in the Cheonbansan were listed 241 taxa; 72 families, 157 genera, 307 species, 27 varieties and 7 forms. Divided into 241 taxa; woody plants were 95 taxa (39.4%) and herbaceous plants were 146 taxa (60.6%). Based on the rare plants (IUCN) by the Korea Forest Service and Korea National Arboretum, 2 taxa (Viola albida, etc.). Based on the list of Korean endemic plants, 8 taxa (Salix koriyanagi, Lespedeza maximowiczii for. tomentella, Indigofera koreana, Weigela subsessilis, Carex okamotoi, Lilium amabile, etc.). Specific plant species by floral region were total 15 taxa (6.2% of all 241 taxa of vascular plants); Lonicera subhispida in class, Orostachys sikokianus, Ostericum melanotilingia in class, 9 taxa (Betula schmidtii, Quercus variabilis, Clematis patens, Spiraea blumei, Ilex macropoda, Vaccinium oldhami, Lonicera praeflorens, Microstegium japonicum, Hosta capitata) in class. The naturalized plants in the surveyed sites were 8 families, 13 genera, 16 taxa (Rumex acetocella, Silene armeria, Lepidium apetalum, Trifolium pratense, Oenothera odorata, Cuscuta pentagona, Xanthium strumarium, Eragrostis curvula, etc.) and naturalization rate was 6.6% of all 241 taxa of vascular plants. The vegetation of results in the Cheonbansan, a total of 4 plant communities; Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus mongolica community. The occupied in low-slope and valley of Quercus serrata community, mountain side of Pinus densiflora community, Quercus variabilis community, top and ridge of Quercus mongolica community.

수원시 광교산의 식생분포

The phytosociological investigation was carried out at 11 sites of Mt. Gwanggyo, by the method of Braun-Blanquet(1964) from September 2008 to May 2009. The vegetation of Mt. Gwanggyo was classified into 8 communities included the plantations. The communities are as follows : Pinus densiflora community, Quercus mongolica community, Quercus mongolica-Quercus variabilis community, Quercus acutissima community, Quercus mongolica-Pinus rigida community, Pinus rigida plantation, Robinia pseudo-acacia plantation, mixed community. By the actual vegetation map, vegetation was depicted as 8 compartments included the plantation stands. It was suggested that vegetation type distributed in Mt. Gwanggyo was not nartural vegetation in the process of succession progresses instead of natural vegetation of successional presses.

덕유산국립공원 산림 식생의 생태학적 연구-적상산 산림 식생을 중심으로-

This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation structure of Jeoksansan in Deogyusan National Park from September 2007 to July 2008 using the DCCA ordination and phytosociological method. The vegetation of the Jeoksangsan was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, Q. serrata community, Carpinus laxiflora community and Fraxinus mandshurica community. Ecological characteristics such as species composition, layer structure, vegetation ratio, and the distribution of individual trees by DBH were significantly different among communities. The order of important value of the forest community with DBH 2cm above plants was Q. mongolica( 63.31), P. densiflora(40.47), Q. variabilis(34.75), Q. serrata(24.37), C. laxiflora(16.35), Carpinus cordata(14.81), Styrax obassia(14.50), F. mandshurica(13.88) and Acer pseudo-sieboldianum(12.99). Size-frequency distribution(DBH) of P. densiflora had a binomial distribution, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being. In contrast, Q. serrata had a higher frequency of young individuals. C. laxiflora, C. cordata and F. mandshurica is likely that the dominance of these species will be increased in the future. Q. mongolica and Q. variabilis had a higher frequency of young individuals and middle frequency, suggesting a continuous domination of these species over the other species for the time being In contrast. This study examined the correlation between each community and the environment according to DCCA ordination. The Q. mongolica community and Fraxinus mandshurica community predominated in the highest elevation highest altitude which had a fertile soil whereas the P. densiflora community mainly occurred in the low elevation habitats which had an infertile soil. Q. variabilis community and Q. serrata community predominated in the low elevation and on the southern slope of the park habitats which had an infertile soil. The C. laxiflora community appeared on the northern slope of the park in the middle elevation.

국망산의 식생과 군락 유사성

Forest vegetation is recognized into 7 plant communities : Quercus mongolica community, Pinus densiflora community, P. densiflora-Q. variabilis community, Cornus controversa community, P. strobilacea community and C. controversa-Salix koreensis community. Q. mongolica communities are distributed at the top of the mountain. P. densiflora and Q. variabilis are occupied at low part. C. controversa, Platycarya strobilacea and S. koreensis are distributed at valley part. By the calculation fo similarity in each community, Q. mongolica community and P. densiflora-Q. variabilis community were higher similarity than other community, whereas Q. mongolica community and C. controversa-S. koreensis community were low.

충북 충주 보련산의 식생

The forest vegetation was classified into 8 communities such as Quercus aliena community, Q. variabilis-Pinus densiflora community, Q. variabilis community, Q. variabilis-Q. mongolica community, Q. mongolica community, Q. mongolica-P. densiflora community, P. densiflora community and P. densiflora-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community. In general view P. densiflora community, Q. variabilis community and Q. mongolica community were occupied dominantly in wide area, while afforestation forest in slope part, cultivated land village vicinity. Q. mongolica community as the vegetation of top part was preserved well comparatively, but that of low parts were disturbed heavily by human activity and some mixed forests composed of pine with oak.

한국 충북 중.북부지역 산지대 하부의 참나무류 삼림에 대한 식물사회학적 연구

본 연구는 Z.-M.학파의 식물사회학적 연구방법에 의해 충북 지역의 박달산, 계명산, 보련산, 월악산, 천등산, 조령산, 국망산, 부용산, 시루봉 일대의 산지대 하부 참나무류 삼림을 분류하고 그 환경조건을 해석할 목적으로 실시하였다. 이 일대의 참나무류 삼림식생은 A. 굴참나무군락(Quercus variabilis community) A-1. 졸참나무-상수리나무하위단위(Quercus serrata-Quercus acutissima group), A-2. 신갈나무하위단위(Quercus mongolica group), B. 신갈나무-철쭉군락(Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community), C. 떡갈나무-홀아비꽃대군락(Quercus dentata-Chloranthus japonicus community)으로 구분되었다. 이들 식생단위는 인위 및 해발과 각은 환경복합의 경도에 의해 배비되었으며, 종의 우점도에 근거한 집괴분석(군평균법)의 결과와도 비교적 잘 일치하였다. The present study was undertaken to classify and describe the Quercus spp. forests in the lower montane zone of Mts. Bakdal, Gyemyeong, Boryeon, Worak, Cheondeung, Joryeong, Gungmang, Buyong and Sirubong in Chungbuk Province, Korea using the methodology of the Z.-M. school's phytosociology. The Ouercus spp. forests were classified into three communities and two groups; A. Quercus variabilis community A-1. Quercus serrata-Quercus acutissima group, A-2. Quercus mongolica group; B. Quercus mongolica-Rhododendron schlippenbachii community; C. Quercus dentate-Chloranthus japonicus community. These vegetation units were arranged by human interference and a gradient of environmental complex such as altitudes, and also were corresponded relatively well with a result of cluster analysis (UPGMA) based on the dominance of component species.

거제 서이말등대 주변의 식생

본 조사지역은 행정상 거제시 일운면 와현리 남단 서이말등대가 위치한 해발 228.4 m고지 일대로서 2001년 8월 1일부터 2002년 7월 30일 까지 1년동안 6회에 걸쳐 식생과 식물상을 조사하여 현존식 생도와 군락조성표를 작성하였다. 본 조사지역에는 미국자리공, 주홍서나물, 별꽃아재비등 27종류의 귀화식물과 동백나무, 우묵사스레피, 메밀잣밤나무 등 30종류의 상록활엽수가 자생하였다. 식물군락은 동백나무군락, 모밀잣밤나무군락, 참식나무군락, 졸참나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 소사나무군락, 때죽나무관락, 곰솔군락, 상수리나무군락, 느티나무군락, 생달나무군락 등 총 11개 군락으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 천이의 거의 최종단계에 이르는 매우 양호한 상록활엽수림이 보존된 지역으로서 백서향, 갯취, 개족도리, 보춘화, 죽절초 등의 자생은 학술적, 자원적 가치가 높게 인정된다. The vegetation of Seoimal-lighthouse area was investigated from August, 2001 to July, 2002. In order to analyze the vegetation of this area, synthesis table, actual vegetation map were prepared. The main community structures of this area represent evergreen broad-leaf community(about 48%), which are very good condition(nearly last sere) to preserve and 11communities(Camellia japonica community, Castanopsis cuspidnta var. thunbergii community, Neolitsea sericea community, Quercus serrata community, Quercus variabilis community, Carpinus corenna community, Srtrax japonica community, Pinus thunbergii community, Quercus acutissima community, Zelkova serrata community, Cinnamimum japonicum community) were classified by vegetation type. And Daphne kiusiana, Asirum maculatum, Cymbidium goeringii, Chloranthus glaber, Ligularia taguetii should be worthwhile species to conserve in this area.

내연산(內延山) 일대(-帶) 삼림식생(森林植生)의 군락분류(群落分類)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究)

내연산의 삼림식생을 대상으로 ZM식물사회학적 방법에 의해 군락단위 및 그 하위단위를 분류하고, 분류된 각 단위와 환경사이의 상관관계를 서열법으로 해석하여 내연산 산림식생관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공할 목적으로 본 연구를 수행하였다. 군락단위는 신갈나무군락, 굴참나무군락, 소나무군락, 서어나무군락, 느티나무군락이 구분되었고, 하위단위는 신갈나무군락에서 철쪽꽃군과 참회나무군, 굴참나무군락에서 우산나물군, 털조록싸리군 및 찰피나무군, 느티나무군락에서 까치박달군과 고욤나무군이 각각 세분되었다. 따라서 내연산 일대의 산림은 5개군락, 7개군으로 총 9개의 식생단위로 분류되었다. CCA 방법으로 식생과 환경사이의 상관관계 분석 결과 내연산 지역의 식생단위는 해발과 가장 높은 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 신갈나무군락의 철쪽꽃군과 참회나무군은 해발고와 지형이 높은 곳과 노암율이 낮은 곳에 각각 분포하는 경향이었다. 한편 느티나무군락은 신갈나무군락과 역의 관계로 나타났다. 앞으로 산림식생관리시 특히 계곡림에 대해서는 교목층의 우점종들이 상관적으로 이질적인 모습을 하고 있더라도 하나의 관리단위로 고려되어야 할 것으로 판단되었다. This study was carried out to classify forest vegetation of the Mt. Naeyeon with phytosociological analysis of ZM school and to explain ordination of communities with CCA. The research sites were located between the northern part of Pohang-si area and the southern part of Yeongdeok-gun area. The 70 plots consisted of 253 species were investigated. The forest vegetation was classified into Quercus mongolica community, Q. variabilis community, Pinus densiflora community, Carpinus laxiflora community and Zelkova serrata community. Q. mongolica community was divided into 2 groups such as Rhododendron schlippenbachii group and Euonymus oxyphyllus group and Q. variabilis community was divided into 3 groups such as Syneilesis palmata group, Lespedeza<TEX>$\times$</TEX>tomentilia group and Tilia mandshurica group, and Z. serrata community was divided into 2 groups such as Carpinus cordata group and Diospyros lotus group. According to the results of CCA ordination, Q. mongolica community showed high positive correlation to altitude and topography, whereas it showed negative correlation to bare rock. But Z. serrata community showed the opposite tendency to Q. mongolica community, Altitude was considered as the most important factor among 5 environmental variables in the correlation with axes.