Var Rubrum Research Articles

Exploration of Indonesian Herbal Plants as Aphrodisiac agents and Testing their Activity in Animal Testing

Indonesia's abundant natural resources have spurred interest in exploring certain plants believed to possess aphrodisiac properties that can enhance male libido and reproductive health. This research endeavor is designed to delve into the extraction of compounds from various plant species, followed by a comprehensive analysis of their chemical constituents. Subsequently, aphrodisiac activity assessments are conducted on male rats, focusing on key parameters such as mating frequency, climbing behavior, and coital activities. Additionally, this investigation encompasses the determination of the percentage of relative testicular weight in relation to body weight and histopathological examination of testicular organs. The findings emanating from the extracts of Piper retrofractum (PRE), Solanum melongena fruit (EE), Ocimum basilicum leaves (OBLE), Watermelon albedo (WAE), and Zingiber officinale Var Rubrum rhizoma (ZRE) reveal the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. Notably, EE, administered at a dosage of 30mg, yields the most prominent aphrodisiac effects in the test subjects, as evidenced by heightened mating frequency, climbing activity, and coital behaviors. Furthermore, the relative testicular weight following treatment with 30mg of PRE closely resembles the impact observed with sildenafil at a dosage of 10 mg/kgbw.

SOSIALISASI DAN EDUKASI PEMBUATAN MINUMAN SERBUK INSTAN JAHE MERAH UNTUK KESEHATAN DI SMK NEGERI 1 PATUMBAK

Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale var Rubrum) is one of the plants of the Zingiberaceae tribe which plays a role in its use as a drink or food mixture. The metabolite content of red ginger is useful for herbal drinks, cooking ingredients and herbal medicines. Red ginger can also be used to treat various diseases such as flu, relieve nausea in pregnant women, rheumatism, aches, sore throat disorders, colds. In using red ginger as a drink, the aspect that is an obstacle to the use of this rhizome is that it takes quite a long time to make the drink so there is a tendency for people to be lazy about making it. Instant ginger drink can be enjoyed at any time and is practical to make. Instant red ginger is in the form of a drink combined with sugar through a manufacturing process that is quite easy and practical to implement.

The Effect of Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) on The Thickness of The Epitelial and Diameter of Seminiferous Tubules in Albino Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Exposed Monosodium Glutamat

Background: This study examined administration of MSG intraperitoneally to white rats resulted in a decrease in testicular weight, an increase in lipid peroxidase levels The testes, as the site of spermatogenesis, are highly vulnerable to oxidation processes caused by free radicals, which can disrupt spermatogenesis. Free radicals can be countered by antioxidants. One plant believed to have antioxidant activity is red ginger. Purpose: To determine the effect of red ginger against histopathology seminiferous tubules of white rat (Rattus norvegicus) exposed by monosodium glutamate. Methods: This study used 30 rats which were divided into 5 groups. The positve control group (K+) were given only monosodium glutamate 5g/kgBW and CMC Na orally, the treatments groups P1 were given monosodium glutamte 5g/KgBW + red ginger 50mg/rat/day, P2 were given 5g/KgBW + red ginger 100mg/rat/day, and P3 were given 5g/KgBW + red ginger 200mg/rat/day. All treatments were administered for 42 days. After 42 days of treatments, all rats were sacrificed and seminiferous tubules were observed with microscope from pathology laboratory. Results: Administration of red ginger extract can defend seminiferous tubules epithelial thicknes and diameter from exposure of monosodium glutamate with 100mg/KgBW dosage as the most effective dosage. Seminiferous tubules epitelial thickness and diameter were tested using one-way ANOVA and Duncan’s multiple range test. Conclusion: Red Ginger Extract (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) has shown potential effects to counteract Monosodium Glutamat consequences on The Thickness of the epitelial and diameter of seminiferous tubules of white rat (Rattus norvegicus).

Active Compounds of Red Ginger as Antioxidant Activity in the Supplementation and Treatment of Depression

This study examined compound active of red ginger related for supplementation and treatment of depression. Depression prevalence in Indonesia from the national population survey 6.9% had severe depression symptoms, 21.8% moderate to severe. Red ginger provided gold potential and demonstrated prominent natural phenomena and coexistence, abundant benefits. Standard herbal medicine and phytopharmaceuticals as one effort in dealing with depression disorder. Problem Statement. The use of medicines for depression disorder in the long term becomes a serious problem affecting various sectors and needs to be thought of side effects and complications. Objective. Antioxidants in red ginger (Zingiber Officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum has a secondary metabolite considered for treatment or supplementation in depression disorders. This study was experimental analytical study for analyzing secondary metabolism using phytochemical screening tests and examining active compounds with the combination of liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS).Red ginger extracts contain secondary metabolic flavonoids of 48.79 mgQE/g, phenol 92.73 mgGAE/G and antioxidants of 39.96 ppm. Establishment of the active compound that has an effect as an antioxidant α-Eleostearic acid (C18 H30 O2) chemspider result 10, mzcloud 96, L Histidine (C6 H9 N3 O2) chemspiders result 6, mzcloud 94,8. Tetrahydrocurcumin (C21 H24 O6) chemspider result 41, mzcloud 92,5. Active compounds of red ginger antioxidants are diarylheptanoid, phenylbutenoid, flavonoid, diterpenoide, sesquiterpenoid, gingerol and shogaol. Red ginger extract content of active flavonoid compounds and has an effect as an antioxidant is potentially used as a supplement in the treatment of depression disorders.

Effect of Warm Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) Compresses as Pain Reliever in Hypertensive Patients

The number of people with hypertension is increasing every year, and it is estimated that by 2025 there will be 1.15 billion people suffering from hypertension. The result of a preliminary study showed 2640 hypertensive patients in Pekauman Health Center. Interview results with five people who suffered from hypertension claimed that they experienced headaches up to the nape of the neck. Usually, they buy medicine at the nearest shop or use liniment such as balm to reduce the pain. This study aimed to determine the influence of warm red ginger (zingiber officinale var rubrum) compresses on reducing pain scale in hypertensive patients in the Pekauman Health Center area. The research was conducted using a pretest post-test design Quasi Experiment. The sample was 30 people with a purposive sampling technique. The treatment was given in the form of a warm red ginger compress for 15-20 minutes. Analysis using Wilcoxon test. There was a significant effect of giving red ginger (zingiber officinale var rubrum) warm compresses on reducing pain scale in hypertensive patients with a significant value of 0.000 (p<?0.05). Therefore, a warm red ginger compress could effectively reduce headaches in hypertension patients.

The combination of ATR-FTIR and chemometrics for discrimination of Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) oil in West Sumatra and its antioxidant activity

Their origin influences the chemical components and pharmacological action of essential oils. This study aimed to classify red ginger oil (RGO) based on its FTIR spectra combined with chemometrics and determine its antioxidant activity. Fresh red ginger rhizomes were collected from six West Sumatra regions and extracted using hydrodistillation. ATR-FTIR and Chemometrics were used to classify the oil, and its antioxidant activity was tested using various methods. The study found that RGO was golden yellow with a unique odor, and it had a yield range of 0.52% - 0.86%, a specific gravity of 0.83-0.94 g/ml, a refractive index of 1.4834 – 1.4880, and an optical rotation value of -36.382. However, all RGO samples had low antioxidant activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that RGO can be separated based on the altitude of the growing locations at the wavenumber 2000-400 cm-1. Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) revealed three clusters of RGO: I; Solok, II; Kamang Magek and Batusangkar, III; Dharmasraya, Pesisir Selatan, and Pasaman Barat, with different FTIR fingerprints. In conclusion, red ginger oil from different parts of West Sumatra has unique metabolite profiling and low antioxidant activity levels.

Hubungan Status Gizi Dengan Gerak Motorik Anak Usia 12-18 Bulan Di Posyandu Nusa Indah, Kampung Cakung, Jati Sari, Jatiasih, Kota Bekasi

Introduction: Based on a preliminary study at Integrated Healthcare Center Nusa Indah there is still a high rate of 60% of children under five with poor nutritional status and 40% of good nutrition, so it can be formulated in this study that still high rate of poor nutritional status can affect the motor movements of children aged 12-18 months at Integrated Healthcare Center Nusa Indah in 2022. Therefore, researchers are interested in researching on how nutritional status is related to the motor movements of children aged 12-18 months at Integrated Healthcare Center Nusa Indah, Cakung Village, Jatisari, Jatiasih, Bekasi City in 2022. Methods: This research was conducted as a quantitative study with an analytic descriptive design that looks at the relationship between the independent variable (children's nutritional status) and the dependent variable (children's motor skills). form of research design by observing or measuring simultaneously (at one time) between the independent variable and the dependent variable (Notoatmodjo 2018) Sampling Technique was used with accidental sampling (mothers who come to Integrated Healthcare Center Nusa Indah). Results: There is a significant relationship between the dependent variable, namely gross motor movements of children aged 12-18 months, and the independent variable nutritional status of children aged 12-18 months at Integrated Healthcare Center Nusa Indah, Cakung Village, Jati Sari, Jatiasih, Bekasi City in 2022, where the p-value is 0,000 < 0,050. Discussion: Broadly speaking, there is an effect of red ginger powder (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum) on reducing the intensity of dysmenorrhea pain in female students at SMAN 1 Muncang, Lebak Regency, Banten before and after consuming red ginger powder (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) as evidenced by the results of statistical tests using One-Sample Statistics with a significance value of p 0.000.

Pengolahan Jahe Merah (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum Rhizoma) Menjadi Serbuk Jahe Merah (SJM) Sebagai Produk Potensial Desa Kelindang Atas

Red ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum Rhizoma ) is a spice plant that has high potential to be developed as a value-added product. In the village of Kelindang Atas, red ginger plants are a source of income for the local community, but this potential has not been maximized due to a lack of knowledge and skills in red ginger processing. In Student Community Service (PMM) by the Faculty of Agriculture team, socialization was given to villagers regarding processing, packaging, and calculation of HPP from red ginger powder (SJM) as a red ginger processed product to increase the selling value of red ginger as a potential product from Kelindang Atas Village. Community service in the processing of red ginger in Kelindang Atas Village provides benefits in increasing the knowledge, skills and income of the local community through the sale of red ginger powder products produced

Processed Red Ginger (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) into Instant Ginger as a Healthy Drink

Processed ginger used to be limited as a spice but has now become a health drink. The purpose of this scientific work is to determine the process of making instant ginger with the basic ingredients of red ginger (Zingiber officinale). The method used is qualitative through library research. Data collection techniques through field observations. Literature research and the practice of making instant ginger. This paper provides research information on the health effects of red ginger immunity. The process of processing red ginger becomes instant in a simple way that can be done in the home industry. This instant ginger drink can help increase immunity for Covid-19 survivors and also maintain body health.

3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitory activity of Indonesian Cajanus cajan leaves and Zingiber officinale extracts

One indicator of antihypercholesterolemic candidates is their inhibitory activity on 3hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase enzyme. This study aimed to analyze the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activities of Cajanus cajan leaves, Zingiber officinale var Amarum and Zingiber officinale var Rubrum. C. cajan leaves and two types of Z. officinale were extracted using the maceration method with three solvents: distilled water, 70% ethanol and 96% ethanol. All nine types of resulted extracts were then analyzed for bioactive compounds and tested for the HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity using the HMG-CoA reductase analysis kit (BioVision’s K588-100). It was carried out in vitro using a colorimetric microplate reader with a wavelength of 340 nm at 37°C. The results showed that the extracts contained flavonoids, tannins, saponins and steroids. The nine extracts showed inhibitory activities on the HMG-CoA reductase enzyme. The three extracts showed the highest inhibitory activity; 70% ethanolic Z. officinale var Amarum extract (47.87%), aqueous Z. officinale var Rubrum extract (40.62%) and 70% ethanolic C. cajan leaves extract (39.38%). These results indicate that the three extracts have a medium inhibitory level of HMG-CoA reductase. The study suggested that the three types of extracts could be used as antihypercholesterolemic candidates such as antihypercholesterolemic functional food.

Effectiveness of Zingiber officinale to reduce inflammation markers and the length of stay of patients with community-acquired pneumonia: An open-label clinical trial.

Examination of the interleukin 6 (IL-6) and procalcitonin levels, and neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) might could help to diagnosis and predict the duration of therapy and prognosis of pneumonia cases. Zingiber officinale var rubrum could be used as an adjunct therapy in infectious diseases as it has anti-inflammatory activity. The aim of study was to assess the effect of Z. officinale on levels of IL-6 dan procalcitonin, NLR, and the length of hospitalization of patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). An open-label clinical trial was conducted among CAP cases regardless of the etiology at Dr Moewardi Hospital and Universitas Sebelas Maret Hospital, Surakarta, Indonesia from July to September 2022. A total of 30 inpatient CAP cases were recruited and were randomly divided into two groups: (1) received Z. officinale capsule 300 mg daily for five days in addition to CAP standard therapy; and (2) received CAP standard therapy only, as control group. The data were compared using a paired Student t-test, Chi-squared test, Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test as appropriate. In Z. officinale group, the mean difference between post-and pre-treatment as follow: IL-6 level was 9.93 pg/mL, procalcitonin level -471.31 ng/mL, and NLR value -4.01. In control group, the difference was 18.94 pg/mL for IL-6, 339.39 ng/mL for procalcitonin, and 1.56 for NLR. The change of IL-6 was not statistically significant between treatment and control groups with p=0.917. The changes of procalcitonin level and NLR were significant between treatment and control group with p=0.024 and p=0.007, respectively, of which the treatment had better improvement. In addition, our data indicated that the length of stay was not statistically significant between the treatment and control groups (4.13 vs 4.47 days, p=0.361). In conclusion, Z. officinale could reduce serum inflammatory markers such as procalcitonin and NLR but it has little impact in reducing IL-16 level and the length of hospitalization of CAP patients.

The influence of marinating with red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) biomass on the physical quality and sensory properties of buffalo meat

Red ginger has active chemical compounds that are beneficial for health. Besides being abundantly available, red ginger also has potential as a natural preservative. The content of active chemical compounds, antimicrobial activity, and protease enzyme support natural preservation methods in the food industry. This study aimed to determine the effect of red ginger concentration on the physical and organoleptic qualities of buffalo meat. The research method was experimental using a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted of R0 = 0%; R1 = marinade using 20% red ginger concentration; R2 = marinade using 40% red ginger concentration; R3 = marinade using 60% red ginger concentration. The results showed that red ginger concentration had a significant effect (P<0.05) on cooking loss and colour. Red ginger concentration had a very significant effect (P<0.01) on the pH value, tenderness, and aroma but had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the water content of buffalo meat. This research concludes that marinating using red ginger biomass can improve the physical and sensory qualities of buffalo meat during storage. Red ginger biomass had the potential as a spice that can be applied sustainably to improve the buffalo meat quality.

Tonicum Activity of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var. Rubrum) and Elephant Ginger (Zingiber officinale var.Roscoe) Ethanol Extract in Vivo

The increase in side effects due to the use of chemical drugs encourages people to return to nature, utilize the plants around them in dealing with health problems. Red ginger (Z. officinale Var Rubrum) and elephant ginger (Z. officinale var Roscoe) have been used empirically in medicine especially to boost immunity. This study aims to determine the tonic activity of the ethanol extract of red ginger and elephant ginger in vivo using the natatary exhaustin method with white rats (Rattus norvegicus) as test animals. The natural fatigue method was based on the resistance of the test animals to swimming in water after being treated with ethanol extract of red ginger and elephant ginger rhizome at a dose of 70 mg/kg body weight, using Na-CMC solution as a blank and caffeine solution as a positive comparison. Based on research data testing the tonic activity of red ginger and elephant ginger extracts in vivo showed that the tonic activity of red ginger ethanol extract with the swimming endurance of the test animals was for 27.72 seconds, longer than the swimming endurance of the treated animals. with elephant ginger ethanol extract which is only 16.46 seconds.

UJI PEMBERIAN BERBAGAI KOMPOS ORGANIK DAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR (POC) KULIT PISANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var. Rubrum)

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the interaction of various organic composts and banana peel POCs on the growth and production of red ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum). This study used a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of two factors and 3 replications. The first factor was various organic compost (P), consisting of 4 levels, namely 0.600 (Vegetable Compost), 600 (Ketapang Compost), 600 (Straw Compost) g/plant and the second factor was banana peel organic fertilizer which consisted of 4 levels, namely 0, 125, 250, and 375 ml/L of water. Parameters observed were plant height (cm), number of tillers (stem), the weight of wet safe (g), wet weight of rhizome (g), dry weight of rhizome (g), and harvest index (g). The data were statistically analyzed and continued to the BNJ test at the 5% level. The results showed that the interaction of various organic compost and banana peel POC treatments affected the number of clumps of tillers (stems), wet rhizome weight (g), wet rhizome weight (g), and dry rhizome weight (g). The best treatment was found on a combination of 600 g/Plot Straw Compost and Banana Peel POC with a dose of 375 ml/L water. The main effect of various organic composts affects all parameters of the observation with the best treatment was the 600 g/plant Ketapang Compost. The main effect of POC Banana Peel affected the observation parameters Wet rhizome Weight (grams), Wet Rhizome Weight (grams), Dry Rhizome Weight (grams), and Harvest Index. The best dose for POC Banana Peel Treatment ws 375 ml/L water.

UJI LISIS TELUR Ascaris lumbricoides SETELAH PEMBERIAN EKSTRAK ETANOL 70% JAHE MERAH (Zingiber officinale var rubrum)

Worm infection is an environmental-based disease, can be transmitted through the soil or known as soil-transmitted helminth (STH). Infections caused by this parasite can be eradicated by administering synthetic drugs and herbal medicines. One of the plants that can be used as herbal medicine is red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). Red ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum) has one of the benefits, namely to treat intestinal worms. This study aimed to determine the lysis of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs after administration of 70% Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var rubrum). The method used in this research is a laboratory experiment. The results showed that at a concentration of 5% within 45 minutes there was no color change and there was no damage to the eggs of Ascarias lumbricoides, while at concentrations of 10% and 15% within 45 minutes it could cause changes in the color of the eggs and could lyse the eggs of Ascarias lumbricoides. Red ginger contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins and triterpenoids that are able to lyse eggs of Ascaris lumbricoides.

Identification of Zingiberaceae as Useful Plant by Bidayuh Bau in Mount Sejinjang Singai and Mount Jagoi Bau, Sarawak

The Zingiberaceae is a ginger family, consists of perennial herbs with creeping horizontal or tuberous rhizomes. It is comprised of about 53 genera and more than 1500 species that are distributed throughout Asia and more than 1200 species mostly growing in tropical forests. Borneo itself have more than 250 species of gingers in 19 genera. Sarawak has 141 species in 18 genera. Zingiberaceae is well known as gingers family with abundant numbers of spices widely used in Borneo, because of their unique flavors, ornamental and the medicinal values. The extracts of Zingiberaceae rhizome contain many essentials oils, including terpenes, alcohols, ketones, flavonoids, and phytoestrogens that use as medicine. Zingiberaceae grow vigorously in a wide range of habitats ranging from riverine to the mineral area, from lowland to the upper mountain regions. The utilization of Zingiberaceae as food, traditional medicine, spice, condiment, dye and flavour had been practiced by Bidayuh Singai and Jagoi in generation. Mount Sejinjang Singai was an old village own by Bidayuh Singai and Mount Jagoi was an old village own by Bidayuh Jagoi. Both villages have moved to new villages surrounding of each mountain area. They still practice the medicinal use of Zingiberaceae and some species are cultivated such as Zingiber officinale, Zingiber officinale var rubrum, Curcuma xanthorhiza, Curcuma domestica, Kaempferia galanga and Zingiber cassumunar. They mainly use for medicinal purposes as it can cure many diseases traditionally. These species are also sold in Bau local market by the local Bidayuh entrepreneur and digital online selling platform, Timogah.com.

POTENSI DAUN JAHE MERAH SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR PEMBUATAN ELEKTRODA SUPERKAPASITOR

Red ginger leaf waste (Zingiber Officinale Var Rubrum) has been successfully processed as an active carbon base material for supercapacitor electrodes. The process of making carbon electrodes starts from the preparation of the original material, drying, refining, chemical activation, integrated pyrolysis and neutralization. The focus of this research is on the chemical activator ZnCl2 which is used with different concentrations of (0.1 and 0.5) M. Activated carbon powder is printed using a press to produce carbon in the form of solid coins of uniform size. The optimization of the carbon element in the sample is carried out through a pyrolysis process at high temperature with a one-stage integrated technique. Where, carbonization in the N2 gas environment is carried out starting from room temperature 30°C up to 600°C followed by physical activation until the high temperature reaches 800°C in CO2 gas environment. Characterization of activated carbon samples from red ginger leaves begins with determining the amount of shrinkage that occurs in the pyrolysis process by measuring the mass, diameter and thickness of the carbon coins. Furthermore, the electrochemical properties were tested using two methods, namely cyclic voltammetry (CV) and galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) in a symmetrical two-electrode system. The electrochemical characterization was carried out under the influence of an aqueous electrolyte of 1M KOH and 1M Na2SO4 at a low potential window of 0-1 V. The optimum conditions of electrochemical properties were found in the red ginger leaf activated carbon sample with a ZnCl2 activator concentration of 0.5M for the electrolyte. KOH with a specific capacitance value of 115.9 F/g. while for electrolyte Na2SO4 found in ZnCl2 activator 0.1M with a value of 72 F/g. Through these results, red ginger leaves are known to have great potential as a base material for activated carbon electrodes to improve the performance of supercapacitors.

Productive Economic Improvement in the time of COVID-19 Pandemic for the People of Kampung KB Gandul with Innovation of "Mi Jaren" (Palm Sugar Ginger Lemongrass Drink)

Coronavirus disease originating from Wuhan, China, has spread throughout the world, including in Indonesia. Covid-19 patients were first detected in Depok, Cinere, West Java, and increased on June 20, 2020. There have been 45,029 positive cases of Covid-19 on June 2021. Gandul Cinere village is located bordered by South Jakarta. Jakarta has a relatively high number of Covid-19 positive patients. Many people lost their jobs during the pandemic, including in the Jakarta and surrounding areas. Anis Baswedan, the governor, expects the unemployment rate due to the Covid-19 Pandemic in the DKI Jakarta area will reach 10 percent in 2021. This shows that economic problems cannot be ruled out easily. Therefore, efforts are needed to improve the economy of UMKM (Usaha Mikro Kecil dan Menengah) to further strengthen Indonesia's economy, especially in the DKI Jakarta and surrounding areas. Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var Rubrum) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) are easy to find in Indonesia. Palm Sugar Ginger Lemongrass (MI JAREN) instant drink is an excellent herbal product to be studied and marketed in the Gandul village community. This instant herbal drink-making training was provided online, along with how to package it. The activity results showed that society in Kampung KB Gandul has good knowledge, only still requires guidance for the marketing, especially online. It is hoped that this community service activity can improve the economy in Kampung KB Gandul while also keeping the people of Kampung KB Gandul to avoid COVID-19 infection.

Ethnomedical Study of Plants as a Traditional Medicine on Respiratory System Disease in Cilongok, Banyumas, Indonesia

Indonesia is one of the most geologically complex regions globally and makes it one of the greatest of the world's biodiversity centers. But the primary data on medicinal plants in Indonesia is still lacking. Cilongok is a district in Banyumas located on the slope of Slamet mountain. It is one of the biodiversity areas in Java, Indonesia. Respiratory System Disease has become one of the top ten diseases in Banyumas Indonesia. This study aimed to explore information about the type of medicinal plants used for respiratory system disease and how to process it in Cilongok District, Banyumas Regency, Central Java. This study was descriptive survey research with semi-structured interviews of 68 informants. Data were qualitatively analyzed by interpreting the interview transcript and quantitatively to calculate the Species Use Value of those medicinal plants. The result showed that in Cilongok District, there were 40 medicinal plant species from 25 families used as traditional medicine in respiratory system disease and pounded as the most used method of preparation. Citrus aurantiifolia (Christm.) Swingle is the most used medicinal plant with SUV were 0.235, followed by Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton (SUV 0.206), Zingiber officinale Roscoe (SUV 0.176), Kaempferia galanga L (SUV 0.176), and Zingiber officinale var Rubrum (SUV 0.147).

Test The Antibacterial Effectiveness of Ginger Juice (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum) Against Food Pathogen Bacteria

The use of very dangerous chemicals for food reservations is still happening in Indonesia. To overcome this problem, it is necessary to have public awareness of the importance of food safety and health, causing the use of synthetic preservatives to be avoided and switching to natural preservatives, one of which is ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum). Ginger contains gingerols which have activities such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, antimutagenic, and antitumor. The content of secondary metabolites contained in ginger rhizome plants is an antimicrobial group of phenols, flavonoids, terpenoids, and essential oils contained in the ginger extract and is a group of bioactive compounds that can inhibit microbial growth. The purpose of the study was to determine the antibacterial effectiveness of ginger juice (Zingiber officinale Rosc. Var Rubrum) against food pathogenic bacteria. The results obtained were that at a concentration of 25% it could not inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, while at concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% it could inhibit Salmonella Typhimurium and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria with inhibition zone criteria from moderate to very strong. The greater the concentration of ginger juice given, the greater the inhibition zone obtained.