Van Maanen Research Articles

Surface Roughness at the Moon’s South Pole: The Influence of Condensed Volatiles on Surface Roughness at the Moon’s South Pole

Condensed volatiles within lunar permanently shadowed regions are of high scientific and resource utilization importance. Volatiles remain elusive and difficult to observe directly, due to low direct solar illumination. In this work, we investigate correlations between, as well as possible effects of, condensed volatiles and surface roughness. We analyze topographic roughness at 50 m and 30–120 m baselines of the lunar south pole (poleward of 85° S). We focus on six south polar craters of interest and their directly surrounding non-cold-trap areas: Faustini, Shoemaker, Haworth, Cabeus, Nobile, and an unnamed region. We further analyze six analogous equatorial craters to investigate the non-ice smoothing contributions: Morozov F, Rosenberger C, Van Maanen, Fraunhofer E, Brisbane, and Asclepi. Lastly, we compare a sunlit and a permanently shaded portion of the Amundsen crater floor. Utilizing data from the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter’s Lunar Orbiter Laser Altimeter (LOLA), Lyman Alpha Mapping Project (LAMP), Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter Camera, and Diviner Lunar Radiometer Experiment, we find subdued roughness within cold traps but determine that roughness is not a unique identifier of condensed volatiles. However, a correlation between LOLA roughness, LAMP normalized Off-band/On-band albedo, temperature, and water-ice stability suggests possible terrain softening due to condensed volatiles, although we cannot rule out dust ponding and/or fairy castle structure contributions. We conclude that LAMP volatile signatures at the topmost ∼100 nm may be indicative of volatile deposits at depths beyond the LAMP sensing capabilities.

One Standard for All: Uniform Scale for Comparing Individuals and Groups in Hierarchical Bayesian Evidence Accumulation Modeling.

In recent years, a growing body of research uses Evidence Accumulation Models (EAMs) to study individual differences and group effects. This endeavor is challenging because fitting EAMs requires constraining one of the EAM parameters to be equal for all participants, which makes a strong and possibly unlikely assumption. Moreover, if this assumption is violated, differences or lack thereof may be wrongly found. To overcome this limitation, in this study, we introduce a new method that was originally suggested by van Maanen & Miletić (2021), which employs Bayesian hierarchical estimation. In this new method, we set the scale at the population level, thereby allowing for individual and group differences, which is realized by de facto fixing a population-level hyper-parameter through its priors. As proof of concept, we ran two successful parameter recovery studies using the Linear Ballistic Accumulation model. The results suggest that the new method can be reliably used to study individual and group differences using EAMs. We further show a case in which the new method reveals the true group differences whereas the classic method wrongly detects differences that are truly absent.

When ethnography meets scientific aspiration: a comparative exploration of ethnography in anthropology and accounting

Purpose This paper aims to contribute to the ongoing methodological discussions surrounding the adoption of ethnographic approaches in accounting by undertaking a comparative analysis of ethnography in anthropology and ethnography in qualitative accounting research. By doing so, it abductively speculates on the factors influencing the distinct characteristics of ethnography in accounting and explores their implications. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a comparative approach, organizing the comparison using Van Maanen’s (2011a, 2011b) framework of field-, head- and text-work phases in ethnography. Furthermore, it draws on the author’s experience as a qualitative researcher who has conducted ethnographic research for more than a decade across the disciplines of anthropology and accounting, as well as for non-academic organizations, to provide illustrative examples for the comparison. Findings This paper finds that ethnography in accounting, when compared to its counterpart in anthropology, demonstrates a stronger inclination towards scientific aspirations. This is evidenced by its prevalence of realist tales, a high emphasis on “methodological rigour”, a focus on high-level theorization and other similar characteristics. Furthermore, the scientific aspiration and hegemony of the positivist paradigm in accounting research, when leading to a change of the evaluation criteria of non-positivist research, generate an impoverishment of interpretive and ethnographic research in accounting. Originality/value This paper provides critical insights from a comparative perspective, highlighting the marginalized position of ethnography in accounting research. By understanding the mechanisms of marginalization, the paper commits to reflexivity and advocates for meaningful changes within the field.

Inclusive Classrooms: A Confessional Tale on a Métissage

This article is written as a confessional tale of the authors’ experience of conducting a métissage research process on inclusive classrooms within a course as part of a graduate program. Amanda, the lead author, is a queer elementary school teacher, researching the 2SLGBTQIA+ community within local classrooms and schools, and the Tim is their instructor in a research methods course. Together, we worked to explore the métissage methodology through a confessional tale to unpack the process and to frame the performance piece shared as an anonymously read métissage based on three participants’ voices: (a) a teacher and parent of a child with a disability, (b) an Indigenous teacher and (c) the lead author’s voice as a queer teacher. As Kluge (2001) explained, confessional tales represent the researcher’s personal account through the reflexive process that they experienced in the beginning, during, and at the end of the research process. Confessional tale is the postscript that follows the research progression in a highly personal diary-like format (Van Maanen, 1988). A métissage is an arts-based research methodology where a series of narrative writings by single authors are woven together to create a larger, thematic text, with the intent of “transformation from the inside out” (Worley, 2006, p. 518). In this article, therefore, we offer insights from Amanda's reflective comments, with their critical friend Tim (course instructor), on both the métissage process and their commitment to use research to create safer spaces for all through promoting participatory lived experience insights on inclusivity. Keywords: confessional, métissage, inclusion, queer, LGBTQ, Indigenous, disability, performance, participatory

Abstract P1-02-08: CBD-oil: a potential solution in case of severe tamoxifen-related side effects

Abstract Background Tamoxifen is frequently used in the adjuvant treatment of hormone sensitive breast cancer. Unfortunately, tamoxifen can lead to bothersome side effects resulting in non-adherence in 40% of patients. Patients searching for relief from these side effects are increasingly turning to cannabinoids such as CBD. However, since tamoxifen is mainly metabolised by CYP2D6, and CBD is suggested to be an inhibitor of CYP2D6, the use of CBD might affect tamoxifen pharmacokinetics (PK). Since the effect of CBD on both tamoxifen PK as tamoxifen-related side effects has never been investigated, the aims of this study were to determine the pharmacokinetic interaction between CBD and tamoxifen, and to subsequently investigate whether there is a beneficial influence of CBD on tamoxifen-related side effects. Methods Patients had to be treated with tamoxifen for at least 3 months, have steady-state endoxifen levels >16 nM (conservative threshold) and experience tamoxifen-related side effects. PK sampling was done at initiation of CBD-oil and 28 days thereafter. Bio-equivalence could be concluded if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the difference in endoxifen area under the curve (AUC) fell within the [-20%; +25%] interval (n = 15, two-sided α 0.05, β 0.20). In addition, endoxifen PK was analyzed for each CYP2D6 phenotype separately. The effect of CBD on side effects was evaluated with the FACT-ES questionnaire (n = 25, two-sided α 0.05, β 0.20). An improvement > 0.5 times standard deviation (SD) of baseline score was considered clinically relevant. Last, potential side effects of CBD were assessed. Results In this study 15 patients were included for PK analysis and 24 patients for side effect analysis. Endoxifen AUC decreased after CBD by 12.6% (90% CI -18.7%, -6,1%) but remained within bio-equivalence boundaries. The decrease seemed more pronounced in patients with intermediate (IM) CYP2D6 phenotype (-20.8%, 90% CI -26.4%, -14.8%, n = 8) compared to normal CYP2D6 phenotype (-2.2%, 90% CI -11.1%, 7.6%, n = 7). There was no difference in tamoxifen AUC (with or without CBD). On average, the endocrine sub-scale of the FACT-ES improved with a clinically relevant improvement of 8.3 points (95% CI 4.9 – 11.7) after using CBD (baseline SD = 12.8). CBD itself has a mild toxicity profile with few side effects in 10 of 24 patients. Side effects were headache (n=2), dry mouth (n=3), fatigue (n=3), gastroesophageal reflux (n=1), abdominal pain (n=1) and nausea (n=1) and all graded CTCAE 1. Conclusions As endoxifen levels with or without CBD remained within bio-equivalence boundaries and CBD-oil might have a positive effect on tamoxifen-related side effects, it could be considered in case of treatment-related side effects. However, caution is needed in patients with IM or poor metabolizer CYP2D6 phenotypes. Citation Format: Sanne Buijs, Louwrens Braal, Stefan Buck, Noud F. van Maanen, Lonneke van der Meijden-Erkelens, Heleen Kuijper-Tissot van Patot, Esther Oomen-de Hoop, Lotte Saes, Sophia van den Boogerd, Liesbeth Struik, Quirine van Rossum-Schornagel, Ron Mathijssen, Stijn Koolen, Agnes Jager. CBD-oil: a potential solution in case of severe tamoxifen-related side effects [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2022 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2022 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(5 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-08.

Against the Conflation of Corporate Strategy, Ethics, and the Politics of AI

Ethics as we know it is ill equipped to resist abuse by technology companies, Van Maanen argues in a recent article. Ethics is too malleable, provides too many different theories, and allows for a plethora of ethical guidelines to be created, and ethicists purportedly end up enabling ethics shopping and ethics washing. But is ethics really the problem, and is the best solution to “repoliticise” ethics? In this commentary, I instead claim that we must distinguish between politics and ethics, as ethics has a separate and crucial role to play if we are to face the challenges related to controlling technology. This is important if we are to avoid undermining political involvement and democracy. Whilst ethicists certainly have the power to change the world, as Van Maanen argues, they are not—and should not be—provided with political authority.

Sustainability and technology: the contribution of “managerial talk” to the three pillars framework

PurposeThis article investigates whether accounting, a tool that affects the actions of both organisations and society, can contribute to further developing the concept of sustainability. Exploiting real-time accounts of management speeches, termed “managerial talk” in the context of this paper, the study is among the first to include technology within a sustainability framework.Design/methodology/approachA data structure with first-order and second-order categories was created using a methodology elaborated by Van Maanen (1979) and Gioia et al. (2012). The empirical data was collected during 20 presentations delivered by senior managers from companies, the financial industry, the Swedish government and non-profit organisations to the Swedish Society of Financial Analysts between November 2016 and February 2020.FindingsThe study develops an inductive model that emerges as a result of the data analysis process. It emphasises that technology can be both an enabler for, and an interference with, sustainability according to the application of steering mechanisms. The latter include governance and regulations, analysis and evaluation tools, and disclosure practice.Research limitations/implicationsAcknowledging the role of technology in sustainable development can potentially assist in the implementation of sustainability and, arguably, in fostering an alignment between the three pillars of sustainability.Originality/valueInterrelationships between sustainability, technology and accounting comprise a relatively unexplored research setting that has seldom been at the centre of academic studies.

Recruiting for change: shifting focus to address a workforce crisis

ABSTRACT Policing in the United States is currently undergoing a serious workforce crisis. Drawing on Van Maanen’s police socialization theory, we suggest that police recruiting videos provide an opportunity for departments to send clear signals to recruits about their attitudes and values that will improve recruiting. We employ a randomized vignette survey design to test the effectiveness of recruiting videos. Our findings demonstrate that college students indicate a greater willingness to become a police officer when recruiting videos focus on police officers’ service to the community. This effect is particularly strong for students who indicate they desire to make a positive change in the world.

Job Titles and Job Satisfaction: An Ethno-Phenomenological Inquiry with Reference to a Transportation and Utility Firm

The current study aims to investigate the extent to which job titles and job characteristics contribute to the job satisfaction of employees at a Midwestern United States utility and transportation company using Hackman & Oldham’s Job Characteristics Model (1976) and Katz and Van Maanen’s (1977)Loci of Work Satisfaction. It assumes if job titles are designated based on these characteristics—then employees will be more satisfied and therefore more motivated and productive. The researchers undertook an ethno￾phenomenological approach with a data of 25 full-time employees who were interviewed about their overall experience regarding their job and how they feel the five core dimensions of work satisfaction (Hackman & Oldham, 1976) are related to their job titles using a semi-structured pattern following Kvale’s (1996) framework. Results demonstrate that employees in this organization feel that job titles significantly impact their overall job satisfaction and responded positively to all five of the core job characteristic dimensions. However, employees who feel that their job title affects their external rapport perceived a need to alter their job titles. This study was restricted to self-report measures at a single organization.

The long walk together: The role of institutionalized socialization in shaping newcomers' future expectations about their networks

Although a future orientation plays an important role in Van Maanen and Schein's (1979) classic conceptualization of organizational socialization tactics, human resource management practices and scholarly research tend to focus on individuals' adjustment to the present. We address this significant gap by investigating how institutionalized socialization facilitates newcomer outcomes via its impact on newcomers' expected long-term friendship and cooperation networks. Based on construal level theory, we argue that expectations about one's long-term networks reflect perceptions of the stable nature of one's current networks. A 4-wave study with two samples of newcomers in diverse Chinese organizations found that institutionalized socialization predicted positive development in the size of newcomers' current and expected networks, which in turn predicted managers' ratings of newcomers' in-role performance and extra-role behaviors in the form of altruistic helping and taking charge. The study thus documents a relatively unknown benefit of socialization on newcomers' future expectations about their social relationships and the impact on newcomers' behaviors.

AscotraceR: An R Package Resource to Simulate the Spatiotemporal Spread of Ascochyta Blight in a Chickpea Field Over a Growing Season.

ascotraceR: An R Package Resource to Simulate the Spatiotemporal Spread of Ascochyta Blight in a Chickpea Field Over a Growing Season.

A small infinity: Expressing generational trauma through artistic method and experimental form

How can a narrative work convey more than its conceptual and factual meaning? How does one express not just the details of what happens, but how it feels? A small infinity is a moment of trauma. It is a poetic term that seeks to express the experience of a traumatic event. Often confounding in its dichotomy of understanding, of actuality versus concept, the profundity of trauma is perceived by the survivor as more than its factual happening. Perception and memory occur contrary to empirical notions of time and space, so a trauma narrative should acknowledge the way that the form of a written work is fundamental to the representation of these paradoxical aspects of lived experience. This work is a hybrid text; a compilation of critical text, creative prose and verse created through artistic autoethnographic method. Incorporating theories from Norman K. Denzin and his concept of ‘epiphanic’ or interpretative autoethnographic research and John Van Maanen’s method of ‘impressionist ethnography’, I seek to express the factual research in a creative form that mirrors the difficulty in effecting the translation of experience into text. For this hybrid text, its own form should describe its content to the reader, possessing and projecting the gestalt of its existence. The narrative content follows the form of its topic, and more: the form is the topic. A study of trauma. A collection of traumas. A map of each small infinity.

Socialization Across the Three Stages of the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Officer Training Program: An Ethnographic Study

The current ethnographic study reflects my participation in elements of the three stages of the correctional officer training program (CTP) offered by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Unpacking my experience, I use Van Maanen and Schein (1977) theory of organizational socialization to analyze the formal and informal socialization processes inherent to the structure of the training academy. Thematic reflection on informal socialization processes reveal that the pressures tied to module content and testing reinforce values welcomed by CSC, such as organizational commitment, before the recruit’s arrival at the academy. Moreover, at the academy, where the emphasis remains on organizational commitment, a seemingly contradictory message emerges, where the academy atmosphere and lessons encourage collective solidary and comradery among recruits, while also reminding recruits to remain self-focused, enforcing that recruits are accountable for their actions or role in the acts of others. In response, I show how recruits appear to be socialized for, what I refer to as, caveated comradery; where recruits learn the value of collective solidarity and comradery but only as far as all recruits act with integrity and abide to the behavioral expectations of the organization.

Socialization Across the Three Stages of the Correctional Service of Canada’s Correctional Officer Training Program: An Ethnographic Study

The current ethnographic study reflects my participation in elements of the three stages of the correctional officer training program (CTP) offered by the Correctional Service of Canada (CSC). Unpacking my experience, I use Van Maanen and Schein (1977) theory of organizational socialization to analyze the formal and informal socialization processes inherent to the structure of the training academy. Thematic reflection on informal socialization processes reveal that the pressures tied to module content and testing reinforce values welcomed by CSC, such as organizational commitment, before the recruit’s arrival at the academy. Moreover, at the academy, where the emphasis remains on organizational commitment, a seemingly contradictory message emerges, where the academy atmosphere and lessons encourage collective solidary and comradery among recruits, while also reminding recruits to remain self-focused, enforcing that recruits are accountable for their actions or role in the acts of others. In response, I show how recruits appear to be socialized for, what I refer to as, caveated comradery; where recruits learn the value of collective solidarity and comradery but only as far as all recruits act with integrity and abide to the behavioral expectations of the organization.

Real-time prediction of upcoming respiratory events via machine learning using snoring sound signal.

The aim of the study was to inspect the acoustic properties and sleep characteristics of a preapneic snoring sound. The feasibility of forecasting upcoming respiratory events by snoring sound was also investigated. Participants with habitual snoring or a heavy breathing sound during sleep were recruited consecutively. Polysomnography was conducted, and snoring-related breathing sound was recorded simultaneously. Acoustic features and sleep features were extracted from 30-second samples, and a machine learning algorithm was used to establish 2 prediction models. A total of 74 eligible participants were included. Model 1, tested by 5-fold cross-validation, achieved an accuracy of 0.92 and an area under the curve of 0.94 for respiratory event prediction. Model 2, with acoustic features and sleep information tested by Leave-One-Out cross-validation, had an accuracy of 0.78 and an area under the curve of 0.80. Sleep position was found to be the most important among all sleep features contributing to the performance of the 2 models. Preapneic sound presented unique acoustic characteristics, and snoring-related breathing sound could be deployed as a real-time apneic event predictor. The models, combined with sleep information, serve as a promising tool for an early warning system to forecast apneic events. Wang B, Yi X, Gao J, etal. Real-time prediction of upcoming respiratory events via machine learning using snoring sound signal. J Clin Sleep Med. 2021;17(9):1777-1784.

Abstract LB-008: Patient derived organoids: Bringing the "patient in the lab" for pre-clinical and clinical development

Abstract Pre-clinical disease models are essential for the development of novel therapies and help better understand the molecular processes. In recent years, a novel groundbreaking technology to generate patient specific in vitro cultures based on adult stem-cell organoids, has gained widespread interest for the development of new therapies and as a predictive diagnostic tool. ASC-organoids can be generated at high efficiency from both healthy and diseased tissue (resections as well as biopsies) including most carcinomas. These patient derived cultures can be expanded for prolonged periods of time while maintaining many properties of the tissue they were derived from. At HUB, we have created comprehensive ‘living biobanks' from tumors of different origin like colon, lung, breast, pancreas and ovary. These biobanks have been characterized at the genetic and transcriptional level. These analyses have shown that our ‘living biobanks' capture disease heterogeneity at the genetic and molecular level. Because organoids can be expanded long term, drug screening is feasible in these models. HUB has developed procedures for (high-throughput) compound screening in organoids including small molecules and biologics. In this setting, organoids have been used to identify novel targets, identify lead compounds and stratify potential responders based on their genetic or molecular profile. Recent advances in the field of immuno-oncology have revolutionized the treatment for cancer patients. Despite of the improvements and due to the complex and highly regulated nature of the immune system, treatment does not have a similar effect on all tumors. We have created a co-culture model of tumor derived organoids and immune cells. In these co-cultures, the cytotoxic effect of the immune cell on the tumor can be measured in a reproducible and quantitative manner. Currently we are expanding existing co-culture models to incorporate different immune cells and organoid tumor types. In addition, organoids can serve as a patient avatar in clinical development or diagnostics. In this setting, organoids could add a functional test for therapy response in a patient centered setting providing a unique tool for personalized medicine. Citation Format: Jasper Mullenders, Annemarie Buijs, Inge Van Maanen, Carol Piani, Soura Mardpour, Hans Clevers, Rob Vries, Sylvia Boj. Patient derived organoids: Bringing the "patient in the lab" for pre-clinical and clinical development [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-008.

Caring as an Organizing Principle: Reflections on Ethnography of and as Care

AbstractThis essay is a personal reflection – what Van Maanen (2011) calls a ‘confessional tale’ – about my first experience as an ethnographer. It is a reflection on the four months I spent researching a group of young activists who organized for a political campaign in Mexico City. In particular, it describes how—while observing their everyday lives and work—I came to develop strong feelings of care (affection and concern) for their well‐being and success. I reflect on how these feelings structured my engagement with the work and my role as researcher and the practices of care that I developed for others and myself in order to cope. Departing from the notion that feelings are a natural and important part of doing fieldwork, I ask how we, as situated actors, deal with feelings of affection and concern. How do we cope with the physical and emotional demands of caring while doing our job? And what kinds of roles and strategies should we develop to protect others, ourselves and our research?

Organizational Control: New Perspectives and Future Directions

Control is “management’s most fundamental problem” (Van Maanen and Barley 1984: 290), and issues relating to control are apparent in many facets of organizational life such as organizational design, organizational culture, and everyday organizational routines. However, theory on organizational control has not kept pace with changes in both organizations and their environments. This may partially reflect the segmentation of control research from research on related theoretical concepts. Therefore, to advance our understanding of organizational control, this symposium aims to integrate a variety of theoretical perspectives — such as organizational learning, organizational change, and technology in the workplace – with more traditional organizational control theory. By integrating a variety of theoretical perspectives, we hope to both move forward current theory on organizational control while also encouraging scholars to broaden their understanding of what comprises and constitutes organizational control research. Co-Creation of Organizational Control Mechanisms as a Learning Process Presenter: Jillian Chown; Northwestern Kellogg School of Management When Change Agents Change Their Minds: Network Diffusion and the Failure of Organizational Change Presenter: Julien Clement; Stanford U. Presenter: Vibha Gaba; INSEAD Bringing Workers Back In: Employees’ Varied Responses to Strategic Change and Accompanying Controls Presenter: Vanessa Conzon; Massachusetts Institute of Technology Resistance in the Age of Algorithms: A Comparative Ethnography of Workers’ Resistance Presenter: Lindsey Cameron; The Wharton School, U. of Pennsylvania Presenter: Hatim A. Rahman; Northwestern Kellogg School of Management

Eksplorasi Etnomatematika Motif Batik Gonggong Tanjungpinang Kepulauan Riau

Batik is a culture of the archipelago in Indonesia, where batik has its own characteristics, one of which is barking batik in Tanjungpinang City, Kepulauan Riau Province. In the batik motif there is an indication of mathematical practice, especially in the batik motif. Mathematical practice in this culture is known as ethnomatematics. This study aims to explore ethnomatemics on the batik motifs of Tanjungpinang, Kepulauan Riau Province . This type of research is qualitative with an ethnographic approach. Research data is done through observation, interviews and documentation. The main instrument of research is the researcher himself. Then the data are analyzed by referring to Van Maanen by reducing data, data presentation and conclusions. The results showed a mathematical practice of the bark batik motifs in the form of the concept of folding symmetry, acute angles, obtuse angles, translational concepts, and circular planes.

Learning Styles and Employee Creative Behavior; An Exploration Through Cognitive Styles

Cognitive styles are the thinking patterns that greatly influence our day to day activities. People may adopt specific learning styles to the way they want to act. Creativity is an important aspect and a great requirement of now a day’s organization because competition is so enhanced that it is an important aspectto be a part of market. So there is a need to explore what types of learning styles and cognitive styles will help the employees to be creative. The key variables of this study were Cognitive styles (CS), Learning styles (LS) and Employee Creativity (EC). The main purpose was to study cognitive styles as a moderator in relationship of learning styles and employee creativity; and to explore these variables further. Descriptive research design was used and data was collected from 450 employees in different sectors(public and private) through convenient sampling from banks, insurance and telecommunication sectors of Multan. Participants responded to cognitive style inventory (CS; Ancona, Kochan, Scully, Van Maanen, and Westney, 1997), Learning Style Questionnaire (LS; O Brein 1985), and Employee Creativity Questionnaire (EC; Tierney et al. in 1999)in order to study the target variables. Descriptive statistics and reliability of scales was calculated. One way ANOVA, t-test was calculated by using SPSS. To check moderation, Partial least square structural Equation modeling (smart PLS) were used. Cognitive styles had significant moderating effect on learning styles and employee creativity. Limitations and suggestions are discussed.