Van Lamsweerde Research Articles

Sound Archives and Musical Representations of Modern India: The Case of the Felix van Lamsweerde Collection (1963-2005)

This essay presents a critical social history of the context in which the Felix van Lamsweerde Collection came together. Felix van Lamsweerde (b. 1934), a Dutch collector, cultural anthropologist and impresario, extensively recorded Indian expressive cultures in the Netherlands and India between 1963 and 2005. This collection was digitised and catalogued between 2017 and 2020 at Georg-August-Universität Göttingen and the Berliner Phonogramm-Archiv in Germany as part of a German Research Foundation (DFG) project. It includes a wide range of first-hand and commercial audio/video recordings of music, dance and theatre genres from across India along with accompanying notes, photographs, and a vast collection of books, magazines and journals. Van Lamsweerde’s journey into studying musics of India and the collection itself points to how India’s cultural politics evolved in the immediate decades following its independence from the British in 1947. Whilst historicising the colonial, oriental and nationalist legacies of music collection in India, this essay examines the Van Lamsweerde Collection and archival projects at large through a source critical approach. It attempts to demonstrate the ways in which caste, class, gender and racialisation processes and the sound archive shaped one another in the formation of transnational cultural representations of India. Drawing on discussions in ethnomusicology, social theory and archival studies, this essay offers an interpretation of how musical knowledge and a homogenous construct of Indian culture has taken shape in Western European and American academe.

Introduction to the RE’12 special issue

This edition of the Requirements Engineering Journal is devoted to extended versions of the best papers from the 20th IEEE International Conference on Requirements Engineering (RE’12). It represents the latest in the long relationship between the RE conference series and the REJ, the primary conference series and scientific journal for reporting research in requirements engineering, respectively. The requirements engineering research community is a genuinely international one, and in 2012, it was North America’s turn in the RE conference’s three-year cycle to host it. We chose Chicago and gathered in the University of Chicago’s Gleacher Center during the 24–28 September. Chicago was an apt location as it has been the location of incredibly important advances in many fields ranging from physics to economics to architecture, and is a hugely significant financial, industrial, agricultural, journalistic and cultural center. More parochially perhaps, researchers at DePaul University, located within Chicago’s loop, have made major contributions to RE research in recent years, so Chicago was an easy choice when we were looking for a location. RE’12 attracted 137 paper submissions, and the four published here are extended versions of the best of the 106 that were submitted to the research track. RE submissions undergo a rigorous, two-stage review process, and although they were invited submissions, the extended papers were each required to undergo a further, independent review process before acceptance by the REJ. Of the four papers, the fist two directly address the theme of RE’12; uncertainty handling. Both papers make use of goal modeling, but otherwise take contrasting approaches. Managing Requirements Uncertainty with Partial Models by Rick Salay, Marsha Chechik, Jennifer Horkoff and Alessio Di Sandro presents an approach for managing uncertainty based on partial requirements models. Here, uncertainty is represented explicitly as missing model elements and model annotations. Uncertainty is not, of course, static and the approach supports model refinement when uncertainties are resolved over time. While the approach is language independent, i* goal models are used to illustrate the use of annotations for uncertainty recording. Assessing Requirements-Related Risks Through Probabilistic Goals and Obstacles by Antoine Cailliau and Axel van Lamsweerde presents a probabilistic approach for modeling risk in goal models. Probabilistic reasoning is the classical means for reasoning about uncertainty in all sorts of domains, but has been surprisingly little used in requirements engineering. This paper builds on the authors’ established techniques for modeling obstacles to goal fulfillment, but augments them with a probabilistic layer that allows the risks associated with obstacles to be better understood and prioritized for treatment. The two remaining papers focus on different, but equally live, problems. A Cross-Domain Empirical Study and Legal Evaluation of the Requirements Water Marking Method by David Gordon and Travis Breaux addresses the tough problem of compliance with legal and regulatory requirements for a software system that sells into or is used in different jurisdictions. The authors’ solution is called ‘‘requirements water marking,’’ and the paper reports on two case studies used to empirically evaluate it. P. Sawyer (&) Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK e-mail: p.sawyer@lancaster.ac.uk

FAQs and figures

ACM Transactions on Software Engineering and Methodology (TOSEM) was founded in 1992 under the guidance of Rick Adrion as the charter Editor-in-Chief (EIC). Thompson ISI's Impact Factor rankings for 2005, the most recently published, ranks TOSEM second out of 79 journals in the software engineering category. The Impact Factor is a ratio of the number of citations in 2005 of a given journal compared to the journal's total articles for 2004 and 2003. In other words, Rick and his successors as EIC - Axel van Lamsweerde and Carlo Ghezzi - have taken TOSEM from zero to sixty in just 15 years. They didn't make this remarkable leap alone: they had help from ACM, from the exceptionally diligent editorial assistants, from the dedicated associate editors, and of course from the software engineering research community, in particular the reviewers and, even more, the authors.

Current trends in exception handling

1 THE ARTICLES THE second part of this special issue on Current Trends in Exception Handling includes four papers which primarily deal with exception handling in human-centered systems such as workflow, requirements specification, and new interactive programming models such as spreadsheets. These research contributions demonstrate that exceptions are not restricted to programming languages, but occur in many, if not most, real-world situations. These papers also reflect that exceptions can be deviations from normal conditions and may not necessarily imply errors. This is similar to Goodenough's observations in his classic paper in the 1970s [1]. These papers lead us to observe that anything that has an algorithmic flow, whether it be workflow or a design process or a program, has a pervasive exception handling need. Programming may be the ultimate in an algorithm, so many of the problems encountered there have analogies in other areas. Moreover, the computation model presented by programming languages tends to be relatively more simple in regard to handling of exceptions in contrast to dealing with such problems in large-scale systems such as enterprise-wide workflow. In those environments, it is not simply exception handling language constructs that are needed, but a methodology on how to use exception handling. The programming model of spreadsheet systems raises many unique issues related to exception handling. This is a widely used model of programming by end users through the use of many commercial products. In the paper aException Handling in the Spreadsheet Paradigm,o Margaret Burnett, Anurag Agrawal, and Pieter van Zee discuss these issues and present an approach for handling exceptions in this programming paradigm. Many spreadsheet programs can be quite large and complex and, therefore, both reliability as well maintainability of such programs becomes an issue when exception handling is introduced. The authors present their experience with and analysis of the error value models for spreadsheet programs. Achieving a high level of fault tolerance is one of the main concerns in developing modern workflow systems due to many factors: Distributed environment, long duration of activities, and complexity of the software involved are among them. The paper aException Handling in Workflow Management Systemso by Clause Hagen and Gustavo Alonso describes an advanced fault tolerance mechanism for incorporating both transactions and exception handling into such systems. The approach is unique for workflow systems as it treats workflow support as a programming environment and relies on general research on developing fault-tolerant software. The authors use fundamental research on linguistic issues of exception handling and propose simple ways of applying these concepts to transactional workflow management. The modeling language incorporates special features for error detection and handling which are conceptually similar to exception handling features found in programming languages. Another important way in which this approach is new is how it combines transaction atomicity and exception handling. A validation technique is developed to make it possible to assess the correctness of workflow specification in situations when exceptions are raised and handled. In the paper aHandling of Irregularities in Human Centered Systems: A Unified Framework for Data Processes,o Takahiro Murata and Alex Borgida address exception handling problems in human-centered systems. In such systems, exception handling is required for dealing with errors, as well as deviations, in data as well as processes, from their normal constraints. The paper focuses on exception handling in enterprise workflow systems. Generally, in enterprise systems, process models are used for describing the dynamic nature of activities of humans and semi-automated system entities. Most often, such models do not capture many unanticipated deviations. Sometimes such deviations have to be corrected and other times they are to be tolerated. This paper presents a unified model for handling errors and deviations, which are treated as exception conditions resulting from violations of some specified constraints. When permitting deviations to persist, it relies on runtime checks for assessing their consequences. Axel van Lamsweerde and Emmanuel Letier address the issues of aHandling Obstacles in Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering.o The requirements elicitation process often results in goals, requirements, and assumptions about the desired system that are too idealized and that do not take into account the various kinds of problems that can occur. Not anticipating exceptional behaviors results in unrealistic, unachievable, or incomplete requirements specifications. This, in turn, leads to systems that are not robust enough and which may fail at critical times, perhaps with critical consequences. The authors present formal techniques for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 26, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2000 921

Current trends in exception handling

1 THE ARTICLES THE second part of this special issue on Current Trends in Exception Handling includes four papers which primarily deal with exception handling in human-centered systems such as workflow, requirements specification, and new interactive programming models such as spreadsheets. These research contributions demonstrate that exceptions are not restricted to programming languages, but occur in many, if not most, real-world situations. These papers also reflect that exceptions can be deviations from normal conditions and may not necessarily imply errors. This is similar to Goodenough's observations in his classic paper in the 1970s [1]. These papers lead us to observe that anything that has an algorithmic flow, whether it be workflow or a design process or a program, has a pervasive exception handling need. Programming may be the ultimate in an algorithm, so many of the problems encountered there have analogies in other areas. Moreover, the computation model presented by programming languages tends to be relatively more simple in regard to handling of exceptions in contrast to dealing with such problems in large-scale systems such as enterprise-wide workflow. In those environments, it is not simply exception handling language constructs that are needed, but a methodology on how to use exception handling. The programming model of spreadsheet systems raises many unique issues related to exception handling. This is a widely used model of programming by end users through the use of many commercial products. In the paper aException Handling in the Spreadsheet Paradigm,o Margaret Burnett, Anurag Agrawal, and Pieter van Zee discuss these issues and present an approach for handling exceptions in this programming paradigm. Many spreadsheet programs can be quite large and complex and, therefore, both reliability as well maintainability of such programs becomes an issue when exception handling is introduced. The authors present their experience with and analysis of the error value models for spreadsheet programs. Achieving a high level of fault tolerance is one of the main concerns in developing modern workflow systems due to many factors: Distributed environment, long duration of activities, and complexity of the software involved are among them. The paper aException Handling in Workflow Management Systemso by Clause Hagen and Gustavo Alonso describes an advanced fault tolerance mechanism for incorporating both transactions and exception handling into such systems. The approach is unique for workflow systems as it treats workflow support as a programming environment and relies on general research on developing fault-tolerant software. The authors use fundamental research on linguistic issues of exception handling and propose simple ways of applying these concepts to transactional workflow management. The modeling language incorporates special features for error detection and handling which are conceptually similar to exception handling features found in programming languages. Another important way in which this approach is new is how it combines transaction atomicity and exception handling. A validation technique is developed to make it possible to assess the correctness of workflow specification in situations when exceptions are raised and handled. In the paper aHandling of Irregularities in Human Centered Systems: A Unified Framework for Data Processes,o Takahiro Murata and Alex Borgida address exception handling problems in human-centered systems. In such systems, exception handling is required for dealing with errors, as well as deviations, in data as well as processes, from their normal constraints. The paper focuses on exception handling in enterprise workflow systems. Generally, in enterprise systems, process models are used for describing the dynamic nature of activities of humans and semi-automated system entities. Most often, such models do not capture many unanticipated deviations. Sometimes such deviations have to be corrected and other times they are to be tolerated. This paper presents a unified model for handling errors and deviations, which are treated as exception conditions resulting from violations of some specified constraints. When permitting deviations to persist, it relies on runtime checks for assessing their consequences. Axel van Lamsweerde and Emmanuel Letier address the issues of aHandling Obstacles in Goal-Oriented Requirements Engineering.o The requirements elicitation process often results in goals, requirements, and assumptions about the desired system that are too idealized and that do not take into account the various kinds of problems that can occur. Not anticipating exceptional behaviors results in unrealistic, unachievable, or incomplete requirements specifications. This, in turn, leads to systems that are not robust enough and which may fail at critical times, perhaps with critical consequences. The authors present formal techniques for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON SOFTWARE ENGINEERING, VOL. 26, NO. 10, OCTOBER 2000 921

Indonesian Music and Dance: Traditional Music and Its Interaction with the West. A Compilation of Articles (1935-1952) by Jaap Kunst Originally Published in Dutch with Biographical Essays by Ernst Heins, Elisabeth den Otter, and Felix van Lamsweerde

Indonesian Music and Dance: Traditional Music and Its Interaction with the West. A Compilation of Articles (1935-1952) by Jaap Kunst Originally Published in Dutch with Biographical Essays by Ernst Heins, Elisabeth den Otter, and Felix van Lamsweerde

Succeedings of the seventh international workshop on software specification and design

Succeedings of the seventh international workshop on software specification and design

A Graph-Theoretic Characterization of the $\text{PV}_{\text{chunk}}$ Class of Synchronizing Primitives

Many of the process synchronization problems studied in the literature are of the form of a conjunction of finitely many conditions of the type “process $p_i$ blocks process $p_j$”. Such problems may be expressed as directed graphs whose nodes represent the processes and where there is an edge from node i to node j if and only if process $p_i$ blocks process $p_j$. We characterize the class of graphs which correspond to the system of synchronizing primitives of Vantilborgh and van Lamsweerde in terms of a normal form representation and present an efficient algorithm for determining whether an arbitrary graph is in this class.