Van De Wiele Research Articles

Bak, M. A. (2020). Playful Visions: Optical Toys and the Emergence of Children’s Media Culture. Cambridge: The MIT Press. Review by Eva Van de Wiele

Optical devices and their domestic variants are housed in exhibition venues ranging from museums of cinema (such as the National Museum of Cinema in Turin) to toy museums (such as the Spielzeugmuseum in Nuremberg). My visit to that German toy museum this summer, while spending a research stay at the International Children’s Library in Munich, coincided with the reading of Meredith Bak’s Playful Visions. Her book reveals how optical toys fundamentally impacted the evolution of material culture for children and offers fruitful ground for research beyond (pre)cinema studies. She argues for scholarly attention to children in media studies, as they ‘became central figures around whom new media culture revolved’ (Bak, 2020, p. 11).

C. L. Crouch, ed. The Cambridge Companion to the Hebrew Bible and Ethics

C. L. Crouch, ed. <i>The Cambridge Companion to the Hebrew Bible and Ethics</i>

Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS

Determination of trace metals in vegetables using ICP-MS

The role of probiotics on the roadmap to a healthy microbiota: a symposium report.

The ninth International Yakult Symposium was held in Ghent, Belgium in April 2018. Keynote lectures were from Professor Wijmenga on using biobanks to understand the relationship between the gut microbiota and health; and Professor Hill on phage-probiotic interactions. Session one included talks from Professor Plӧsch on epigenetic programming by nutritional and environmental factors; Professor Wilmes on the use of "omics" methodologies in microbiome research and Professor Rescigno on the gut vascular barrier. Session two explored the evidence behind Lactobacillus casei Shirota with Dr Nanno explaining the plasticity in immunomodulation that enables the strain to balance immune functions; Dr Macnaughtan outlining its potential therapeutic use in cirrhosis and Professor Nishida detailing effects in subjects under stress. The third session saw Professor Marchesi describing that both the host genes and the gut microbiota can play a role in cancer; Professor Bergheim highlighting crosstalk between the gut and the liver and Professor Cani describing the relationship between the gut microbiota and the endocrine system. The final session explored probiotic mechanisms, with Professor Lebeer dissecting the challenges in conducting mechanistic studies; Professor Wehkamp describing the mucosal defence system and Professor Van de Wiele detailing methods for modelling the gut microbiota in vitro.

The Strange Case of Prevotella copri: Dr. Jekyll or Mr. Hyde?

This issue of Cell Host & Microbe highlights the opposite faces of Prevotella copri (P.copri). Tett etal. (2019) and Fehlner-Peach etal. (2019) unravel the complexity of gut dwelling P.copri, whereas Rolhion etal. (2019) explore the P.copri dark side with its ability to potentiate Listeria monocytogenes pathogenicity.

Compressibility and resiliency properties of wilton type woven carpets produced with different fiber blend ratio

Carpet is a textile structure that composed of three components: warp (stuffer and chain warp), weft and pile yarns. These textile products are used for areas which will stand up to the use of home, hotel, work place etc. Furthermore, the capable of carpets are related to it’s especially pile performance during use in various areas. During usage, carpets made from various type of raw materials of pile yarn also acts differently that these differentiate determines carpet performance, as well.This study was focused on the compression and resilience behaviour of carpet composed of 100% viscose and 100% acrylic pile yarns and blended pile yarns of blend ratios, 80%/20%, 50%/50% and 20%/80% viscose/acrylic. During the yarn production process, all spinning conditions were kept constant in order to eliminate the yarn production parameters. Five different types of wilton face to face carpet samples were produced from these yarns at the same pile height and pile density on Van de Wiele carpet weaving machine at 110 picks/min machine speed and 1/1 V carpet construction. Compressibility properties of carpets were examined whether blend ratio was statistically significant on carpet resilience or not. The behaviour of pile yarns under pressure is important that leads to understand the growth characteristic which is exposed to decrease and increase loadings during usage of carpet made from these yarns. Results indicated that blend ratio of pile yarns have significance effect on compression behaviour of carpet samples.

Émile Zola et les aveux du corps: les savoirs du roman naturaliste par Sophie Ménard

malheureusement que succinctement et sporadiquement exploré tout au long de l’ouvrage. Salisbury University (MD) Aurélie Van de Wiele Ménard, Sophie. Émile Zola et les aveux du corps: les savoirs du roman naturaliste. Paris: Garnier, 2014. ISBN 978-2-8124-2106-8. Pp. 518. 39 a. Bodies in Zola’s works are texts that can be read. Ménard’s study centers on one specific form of corporeal signification: the “aveu” or avowal. By this she means both body language and verbal discourse, as she envisions the Zolian body as something that expresses desires and secrets in a very physical way. Zolian avowals do not end in absolution or resolution, but reveal instead the problems and dark depths of the human being. All through this detailed and complex book, Ménard draws on the Foucauldian scientific and cultural “savoirs” of the time and the ways in which Zola repeats and contests them. The first section centers on women. Ménard analyzes how, in Zola’s texts and in his culture, sexual confessions to priests meld into hysterical medical exhibitions, and how both“disciplines,”religion and science, seek knowledge in order to cure, normalize, and discipline. For Zola, physical avowals provide this, whether through religious trance or the bodily symptoms of hysteria. Ménard shows that Zola goes beyond the mere repetition of his cultural context when his texts reveal that hysterical avowals express non-normative female identity and question woman’s limited place in society. The second section investigates corporeal avowals produced by passion and heredity. Ménard explains how the Zolian body is an archive built by individual and general human pasts. Thérèse Raquin’s past lover speaks through her body without her knowledge, and others can read that discourse. Jacques Lantier’s distant ancestor “speaks” and acts through him. Furthermore, the archive-body is constantly being revised and changed: the Voreux rewrites worker’s bodies over time. Once again, Zola provides a political criticism of a judicial system that relies on doxa for the interpretation of bodies: Cabuche is not a murderer even though he fits the scientific definition of one. The real murdering beast of Jacques does not abide by doxic rules. The third section examines the divided self in Zola’s works, composed of both conscious will and the uncontrollable avowals that reveal a secret truth. Zola’s divided self differs from a purely psychological one, because for Zola, as Ménard shows, it is completely physical. Other meaningful avowals include insane discourse, dreams, and hallucinations. All of these involuntary confessions emerge from a past that is difficult to bury and that can return, as in Thérèse Raquin, where it is personified in a ghostly vision. Aiming to bring truth to the surface (like naturalism itself) these avowals are often brutal and seem linked to sacrificial expiation. In the fourth and final section Ménard examines the figure of the writer and Zola’s own confessions. At the time, genius was seen as similar to insanity as a marginal state of human intelli270 FRENCH REVIEW 90.2 Reviews 271 gence, and Zola was considered to be kind of degenerate because of his shocking narratives. He was, of course, Édouard Toulouse’s“case study,”Zola’s own“aveu”about himself. In his literary analyses, Zola looks for the imprint of the author, as if writers were embedded physically in the text, as Zola seeks “confessions” from them. Boston University Dorothy Kelly Munro, Martin. Writing on the Fault Line: Haitian Literature and the Earthquake of 2010. Liverpool: Liverpool UP, 2015. ISBN 978-1-78138-146-5. Pp. 288. £75. Because the epicenter of the 12 Jan. 2010 earthquake in Haiti was located only miles from the nation’s populous capital, the devastating scale of structural damage and loss of life—conservative estimates place the death toll at 230,000—means that most Haitians living in the country or abroad were personally affected by the disaster. Writers inevitably account for part of this demographic, and it is to the postearthquake production of this proportionally small yet significant group that Munro directs his attention. Focusing on Haitian literary works published since the disaster, Munro...

Gut Microbes Join Host in Metabolizing, Perhaps Detoxifying Arsenic

The gut microbiome helps to convert inorganic arsenic into organic metabolites in at least two different ways. Sulfur-reducing bacteria in the colon play an important role in attaching arsenic to sulfur-containing metabolites through thiolation reactions, according to Sergio Rubin, Tom Van de Wiele, and their colleagues at the University of Gent in Belgium. Moreover, according to Kun Lu and his collaborators at the University of Georgia, Athens (UGA), infecting mice with Helicobacter trogontum increases the arsenic metabolites that such animals excrete in their urine.

Extensive grinding and pressurized extraction with water are key points for effective and species preserving extraction of arsenic from rice

Download options Please wait... Article information DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/C2AY25094B Article type Paper Submitted 26 Jan 2012 Accepted 08 Mar 2012 First published 12 Apr 2012 Download Citation Anal. Methods, 2012,4, 1237-1243 BibTex EndNote MEDLINE ProCite ReferenceManager RefWorks RIS Permissions Request permissions Extensive grinding and pressurized extraction with water are key points for effective and species preserving extraction of arsenic from rice P. Alava, T. Van de Wiele, F. Tack and G. Du Laing, Anal. Methods, 2012, 4, 1237 DOI: 10.1039/C2AY25094B To request permission to reproduce material from this article, please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. If you are an author contributing to an RSC publication, you do not need to request permission provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you are the author of this article, you do not need to request permission to reproduce figures and diagrams provided correct acknowledgement is given. If you want to reproduce the whole article in a third-party publication (excluding your thesis/dissertation for which permission is not required) please go to the Copyright Clearance Center request page. Read more about how to correctly acknowledge RSC content. Social activity Tweet Share Search articles by author Pradeep Alava Tom Van de Wiele Filip Tack Gijs Du Laing

A Study in Balance: How Microbiomes Are Changing the Shape of Environmental Health

The agents we now know as bacteria have been known for centuries to play a key role in certain kinds of illnesses and ailments. But aside from infectious diseases, the communities of microbes we carry in specific parts of our bodies—our microbiomes—are a relatively new topic in human health. Now this field of study has taken an evolutionary leap forward with new research showing human microbiomes may play a far greater role in environ-mental health than ever imagined. The excitement around this field was obvious at a National Academy of Sciences (NAS) workshop on the interplay of the microbiomes, environ-mental agents, and human health held 27–28 April 2011,1 where talks by researchers working in this area inspired numerous “eureka!” moments. New findings about the ways in which human microbiomes transform arsenic and mercury—two of our most prevalent and well-defined external human health hazards—suggest the role of commensal bacteria may equal or exceed that of genetic polymorphisms that regulate metal transformations within the body, says Ellen Silbergeld, a professor of environmental health sciences at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The implications of these new insights are staggering. Environmental health scientists may need to expand the toxicokinetics of metals and other environmental agents, as well as associated biomarkers, to include the microbial component. “This is a huge thing that has never been thought of before in environmental health sciences,” Silbergeld told workshop attendees. Emerging findings also demand a re-examination of what it means to be exposed to environmental agents, Silbergeld says. To a toxicologist, she explains, a contaminant is only “in the body” once it has crossed from the external environment into circulating blood, or a cell, or an organ. But new findings suggest biologically relevant transformations may take place prior to absorption, when contaminants interact with the microbiome in the mouth, intestines, or other tissues. Because of the metabolic processes mediated by microbiomes, a great deal of what toxicologists attribute to human metabolism—such as methylation of arsenic—may actually take place at least in part before contaminants cross into the internal environment of our bodies.

Engineered Annexin A5 Variants Have Impaired Cell Entry for Molecular Imaging of Apoptosis Using Pretargeting Strategies

Phosphatidylserine (PS) on apoptotic cells is a target for diagnosis and therapy using annexin A5 (anxA5). Pretargeting is a strategy developed to improve signal to background ratio for molecular imaging and to minimize undesired side effects of pharmacological and radiotherapy. Pretargeting relies on accessibility of the target finder on the surface of the target cell. anxA5 binds PS and crystallizes in a two-dimensional network covering the PS-expressing cell surface. Two-dimensional crystallization is the driving force for anxA5 internalization by PS-expressing cells. Here, we report structure/function analysis of anxA5 internalization. Guided by structural bioinformatics including protein-protein docking, we revealed that the amino acids Arg(63), Lys(70), Lys(101), Glu(138), Asp(139), and Asn(160) engage in intermolecular salt bridges within the anxA5 trimer, which is the basic building block of the two-dimensional network. Disruption of the salt bridges by site-directed mutagenesis does not affect PS binding but inhibits trimer formation and cell entry of surface-bound anxA5. The anxA5 variants with impaired internalization are superior molecular imaging agents in pretargeting strategies as compared with wild-type anxA5.

Generation of a Family-specific Phage Library of Llama Single Chain Antibody Fragments That Neutralize HIV-1

Recently, we described llama antibody fragments (VHH) that can neutralize human immunodeficiency virus, type 1 (HIV-1). These VHH were obtained after selective elution of phages carrying an immune library raised against gp120 of HIV-1 subtype B/C CN54 with soluble CD4. We describe here a new, family-specific approach to obtain the largest possible diversity of related VHH that compete with soluble CD4 for binding to the HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein. The creation of this family-specific library of homologous VHH has enabled us to isolate phages carrying similar nucleotide sequences as the parental VHH. These VHH displayed varying binding affinities and neutralization phenotypes to a panel of different strains and subtypes of HIV-1. Sequence analysis of the homologs showed that the C-terminal three amino acids of the CDR3 loop were crucial in determining the specificity of these VHH for different subtype C HIV-1 strains. There was a positive correlation between affinity of VHH binding to gp120 of HIV-1 IIIB and the breadth of neutralization of diverse HIV-1 envelopes. The family-specific approach has therefore allowed us to better understand the interaction of the CD4-binding site antibodies with virus strain specificity and has potential use for the bioengineering of antibodies and HIV-1 vaccine development.

N- and O-Glycans Modulate Galectin-1 Binding, CD45 Signaling, and T Cell Death

Galectin-1, a beta-galactoside-binding protein highly expressed in the thymus, induces apoptosis of specific thymocyte subsets and activated T cells. Galectin-1 binds to N- and O-glycans on several glycoprotein receptors, including CD7, CD43, and CD45. Here we show that galectin-1 signaling through CD45, which carries both N- and O-glycans, is regulated by CD45 isoform expression, core 2 O-glycan formation and the balance of N-glycan sialylation. Regulation of galectin-1 T cell death by O-glycans is mediated through CD45 phosphatase activity. While galectin-1 signaling in cells expressing low molecular weight isoforms of CD45 requires expression of core 2 O-glycans (high affinity ligands for galectin-1), galectin-1 signaling in cells expressing a high molecular weight isoform of CD45 does not require core 2 O-glycans, suggesting that a larger amount of core 1 O-glycans (low affinity ligands for galectin-1) is sufficient to overcome lack of core 2 O-glycans. Furthermore, regulation of galectin-1 signaling by alpha2,6-sialylation of N-glycans is not solely dependent on CD45 phosphatase activity and can be modulated by the relative expression of enzymes that attach sialic acid in an alpha2,6- or alpha2,3-linkage. Thus, N- and O-glycans modulate galectin-1 T cell death by distinct mechanisms, and different glycosylation events can render thymocytes susceptible or resistant to galectin-1.

Reply

Reply

Precession axis modification to a semianalytical Landau–Lifshitz solution technique

A recent article [Van de Wiele et al., IEEE Trans. Magn. 43, 2917 (2007)] presents a semianalytical method to solve the Landau–Lifshitz (LL) equation. Spin motion is computed analytically as precession about the effective field H, where H is assumed fixed over the time step. However, the exchange field dominates at short range and varies at the time scale of neighbor spin precessions, undermining the fixed field assumption. We present an axis corrected version of this algorithm. We add a scalar multiple of m to H (preserving torque and hence the LL solution) to produce a more stable precession axis parallel to the cross product of the torques m×H at two closely spaced time steps. We build a predictor-corrector solver on this foundation. The second order convergence of the solver enables calculation of adjustable time steps to meet a desired error magnitude.

The Roman Catholic Church and Film Exhibition In Belgium, 1926–1940

More than ever nowadays an extended and careful vigilance is necessary, inasmuch as the dangers of moral and religious shipwreck are greater for inexperienced youth. Especially is this true of impi...

The 17th International IRIST Congress Proceedings

The 17th IRIST (International Research Group on Immunoscitigraphy and Therapy) meeting was held July 27-29, 2004, at the Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium. Cochairs Christophe Van de Wiele and Alberto Signore brought together basic researchers, clinicians, radiopharmacists, and nuclear medicine specialists to discuss progress in single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET), using radiolabeled antibodies and peptides for imaging biologic properties related to the effectiveness of available treatment options and for treatment of cancer patients. The format of the conference was the presentation of research that focused on the basic and translational biology of cancer and on current state-of-the-art radiopharmacy and related SPECT and PET imaging techniques for the purposes described above. This report summarizes the 17th International IRIST Congress.

Purposes of three-dimensional circuits : Akira Terao and Fernand van de Wiele. IEEE Circuits Devices Mag., 31 (November 1987)

Purposes of three-dimensional circuits : Akira Terao and Fernand van de Wiele. IEEE Circuits Devices Mag., 31 (November 1987)

Another extension of Van de Wiele's theorem

Another extension of Van de Wiele's theorem

Σ1 definitions with parameters

AbstractLet p be a set. A function Φ is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set if there is a Σ1 formula ϕ in the parameter p so that ϕ defines Φ in every Σ1-admissible set which includes p. A theorem of Van de Wiele states that if Φ is a total function from sets to sets then Φ is uniformly Σ1 in every admissible set if and only if it is E-recursive. A function is ESp-recursive if it can be generated from the schemes for E-recursion together with a selection scheme over the transitive closure of p. The selection scheme is exactly what is needed to insure that the ESP-recursively enumerable predicates are closed under existential quantification over the transitive closure of p. Two theorems are established: a) If the transitive closure of p is countable then a total function on sets is ESp-recursive if and only if it is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set. b) For any p, if Φ is a function on the ordinal numbers then Φ is ESP-recursive if and only if it is uniformly Σ1(p) in every admissible set.