Values Of Water Quality Parameters Research Articles

Integrated Assessment of Kirala Kele Wetland Health: Bridging the Gap between Water Quality Parameters and Biotic Components

Abstract The present study was carried out to assess the health of the Kirala Kele Wetland, Sri Lanka, by coupling water quality indices and bioindicators. A total of 12 sampling sites were selected to represent different land-use patterns of the Kirala Kele Wetland using purposive sampling technique, and sampling was conducted from March 2021 to May 2021, on a monthly basis. Triplicated samples (n = 3) were obtained for each sampling event at each sampling site. Aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected from each site to determine the biological water quality using the Biological Monitoring Working Party (BMWP) score. Weighted Arithmetic Water Quality Index (WAWQI) was calculated to understand the physicochemical parameters of water, and the mean values of physicochemical water quality parameters were compared with the Sri Lankan water quality standards. According to the WAWQI for the different sampling sites, water is not suitable for drinking without treatment. The resulted BMWP score (BMWP = 61) shows that the water quality is acceptable (clean but slightly impacted) for biotic components of the wetland in accordance with the aquatic macroinvertebrates present. Spatial variation in water quality parameters and the aquatic macroinvertebrates were taken into account, and the temporal variation in water quality parameters within the 3 months from March to May was considered.

KEANEKARAGAMAN FITOPLANKTON DI DANAU KENANGA UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA, JAWA BARAT

In addition to urban forest area at the University of Indonesia, Depok Campus, West Java, there are lakes that functions as water reservoir area. University of Indonesia is eager to create green and beautiful campus environment with one of its efforts is to care for the lake ecosystem in the campus. This study was conducted to analyze the diversity of phytoplankton in the lake. Sampling was carried out by determining 3 location points with 3 times repetitions conducted on different days. The water samples taken were then identified at the Biology Laboratory FMIPA UNJ. The mean values of water quality parameters obtained were pH 10, TDS 90 ppm, temperature 30°C, and water clarity 46 cm. The results showed that 14 genera and 20 species have been found, they are Chlorophyta, Chroococcus, Coelosphaerium, Crucigeniella, Euglena, Gloeocapsa, Merismopedia, Pediastrum (3 species), Peridinium, Scenedesmus (4 species), Tablelaria, Tetrastrum, Volvox, and Westella (2 species). The Diversity Index Shannon-Wiener during the observation was 2.9, which means that the condition of water at the University of Indonesia Lake was very good and not polluted. The availability of phytoplankton in the area was generally sufficient which can be utilized by other organisms as food source.

A chemometric and ingestion hazard prediction study of groundwater in proximity to the Bandhwari landfill site, Gurugram, India.

Groundwater contamination due to the leaching of harmful pollutants such as heavy metals, xenobiotic compounds, and other inorganic compounds from solid waste dumping sites has become a major health concern in recent times. Therefore, to assess the effects of the Bandhwari landfill site, groundwater samples from the surrounding region of the dumping site were collected and analyzed for heavy metals and physicochemical properties. The total dissolved solids (TDS) of 67% of samples exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) permissible limits which makes it unfit for drinking purposes. The groundwater samples were also analyzed for iron (Fe), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), cadmium (Cd), and chromium (Cr) concentrations and results of heavy metal concentration in the groundwater around the Bandhwari landfill follow the concentration trend of Pb > Cd > Ni > Cu > Zn > Fe > Cr. Risk assessment of consumers' health was done using target hazard quotient calculations which were less than unity (threshold value of <1), indicating that heavy metal concentrations do not pose any serious health effect according to total hazard quotient values. The results of the study made it evident that groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes due to excess values of water quality parameters but poses no risk due to studied metal concentrations.

Perceptions on Drinking Water and Wastewater in a Local Area in Western Romania

The present study focuses on current knowledge of the local tap water and sewage systems among the citizens of three western Romanian localities. Only one of the considered localities in this study, namely, Pecica, partially benefits from access to a centralized tap water and sewerage system. The interest in this subject was caused by a procedure initiated by the local authorities to develop and improve the aforementioned infrastructure. The investigation methodology consisted of an online survey. The generated feedback was optimal for determining the general level of residents’ awareness of water and wastewater quality and the means for informing decisions of community interest. Nearly 75% of the interviewed persons declared that they had not been informed about future regional investments. The results indicated the necessity of raising the residents’ awareness about water quality and its importance for health, daily activities, and the environment. Only a few of the interviewees could provide concrete and accurate values for water quality parameters.

Development of River Flow and Water Quality Using IOT-based Smart Buoys Environment Monitoring System

Efficient and accurate river water quality monitoring is needed to support laboratory testing based on on-site sampling. Therefore, we have developed a monitoring system for river flow and water quality using sensor-equipped buoys and the Internet of Things (IoT) concept. An ESP32 NodeMCU microcontroller integrated with WiFi and compatible with Arduino IDE is used in the system. The buoy is equipped with GPS to determine the position and flow speed and sensors to measure water quality parameters of pH and temperature. Data on position, flow velocity, and water quality parameters are transmitted over a WiFi network using the MQTT protocol. The data is recorded by the buoy and uploaded and displayed on the adafruit.io platform. Positioning was done by comparing the values displayed on the Neo-6M GPS with the Maps application on the smartphone. The results show that the GPS coordinate values are accurate. The water quality parameter values obtained have an error rate of 3.3% for the pH sensor and 1.02% for the temperature sensor. Thus, the system we have developed has the potential to be used as a substitute for field sampling-based river water quality monitoring systems.

TEKNIK PEMBESARAN KEPITING BAKAU (SCYLLA SP.) DENGAN SISTEM APARTEMEN

Mud crab or known as Scylla sp. is one of the coastal resources that has economic value and contains high nutrition. This causes the market demand for mud crabs is continue to increase from time to time. So, it is necessary to do mud crab cultivation. One strategy for managing crab cultivation can be done through an apartment system. This vertical aquaculture technology is the third evolution in mud crab cultivation after cultivation in nature and horizontal system cultivation which is generally carried out using ponds. Based on this, this study aims to determine the method of enlargement mud crabs with the apartment system. This research activity was carried out in March-April 2023 at the Brackish Water Aquaculture Center (BBPBAP) Jepara, Central Java. Data collection techniques used in this research are descriptive methods and field observations. The results obtained are knowing the stages of mud crab enlargement activities with the apartment system including preparation of rearing containers, crab selection, crab stocking, feed management, water quality management, harvesting, packaging, and transportation. The highest weight growth during the study was 372 g in Apartment 1 Floor 5. The highest Survival Rate (SR) value during the study was obtained from stocking 14 mud crabs per floor was 57% in Apartment 1 Floor 6. The value of water quality parameters during the study included temperature, pH, DO, and salinity are good and support for the life of mud crabs.

A field assessment of residential laundry to landscape greywater quality in the San Francisco Bay area

Abstract Potable water scarcity is a global issue. Recent and ongoing droughts in the Western United States make residential water conservation crucial. Several water agencies have invested in conservation programs that educate residents on non-traditional water sources, such as laundry-to-landscape (L2L) greywater systems, which reuse washing machine water for outdoor irrigation. This study analyzed landscape vegetation and 21 greywater characteristics of 30 households with L2L systems in Santa Clara County, California. Greywater from most residential systems, even ones decades-old and unmaintained, had acceptable reuse values for major water quality parameters tested. Overall, 89% of fecal coliform counts fell within the acceptable range for water reuse, although counts were higher in non-code-compliant systems than in code-compliant L2L systems. The mean values for coliform counts, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, total organic carbon, magnesium, sodium, chloride, and sodium adsorption ratio were lower than the means previously reported for L2L systems. Analysis of water samples indicated high levels of iron and calcium, which merits further investigation. Outdoor vegetation appeared diverse and healthy. The promising results here indicate a high potential for expanding L2L programs. Wider system adoption can diversify regional water supply in service areas where the residential sector accounts for significant water use.

Utilization of Fermented Coconut Epidermis Using Oncom Mushroom (Neurospora sitophila) on the Growth Performance of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Fingerlings

This study aims to analyze the effect of feed based on coconut husk waste fermented Neurospora sitophila on the growth of red tilapia, and to determine the optimal dose of coconut husk waste. This research was carried out in May – June 2021, at the Aquaculture Laboratory Building IV, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University Bandung, West Java45363 Indonesia. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (feed containing 25% coconut husk filler), treatment C (feed containing 50% coconut husk filler), and treatment D (feed containing 75% coconut husk filler). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate, Feed Conversion Ratio, Survival Rate, Feed characteristics and water quality (Temperature, pH, DO, Ammonia). The results showed that treatment C(feed containing 50% of coconut husk filler) gave significantly different results in the parameters of SGR and FCR, but not significantly different in survival rates. Water quality parameter values ​​are in good condition for the growth and survival of red tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment C was 1.26%. The lowest FCR value was in treatment C of 1.90. The most optimal dose of fermented coconut husk for the growth of red tilapia is treatment C.

THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT REARING CONTAINERS COLORS ON THE COLOR BRIGHTNESS OF THE BARBIR FISH (Puntius conchonius)

This study aims to to determine the container color that is effective in increasing the brightness of the color of Barbir fish (Puntius conchonius). The research was carried out from June to August 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used a complete randomized block design (RAL) experimental method with five treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of five treatments namely control A (colorless container), blue container (B), yellow (C), Green (D) and orange (E). The treatment is given for 60 days. Parameters observed include absolute length and weight growth, color brightness, survival rate and water quality (temperature, DO and pH). The results showed that the growth parameters with the highest value obtained in the orange background color treatment (treatment E, including the growth of absolute length of 0,27 ± 0,076 cm and the growth of absolute weight of 0,12 ± 0,014 g, as well as parameters of color brightness with an increase in color score in Toca color finder (TCF) reached 1.5 on the body; 1,8 on the serip chest; and 1,6 on the tail. The value of water quality parameters are in normal conditions (temperature ranges from 24,2-28oC; DO ranges from 5,8-8,5 mg/l; and pH ranges from 6,89-7,62) so that both the survival rate of Barbir fish that is equal to 100%.Keywords: Puntius conchonius, container, background color, color brightness level, Orange

THE APPLICATION OF YEAST AND LACTIC ACID BACTERIA IMPROVE GROWTH AND INTESTINAL STRUCTURE OF TIGER SHRIMP LARVAE Penaeus monodon Fab.

This study aims to investigate the effect of the different concentration of RABAL (yeast and lactic acid bacteria) probiotics on the survival, feed conversion, growth and intestinal cells changes of tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon Fab. larvae. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 4 treatments and 4 replications. Tiger shrimp with average size of 0.02 g was randomly stocked in each container containing RABAL with concentration of 0 ppm (A/control), 75 ppm (B), 150 ppm (C), and 225 ppm (D) with frequency once a day for 30 days. Data were analysed using one way ANOVA. The result showed that the application of RABAL with different doses into the shrimp culture media significantly influences (P0.05) the growth and food conversion ratio of tiger shrimp feed but did not significantly affect (P 0.05) on the survival rate. The value of water quality parameters in this study were still at normal levels for tiger shrimp rearing. As conclusion, the application of probiotics RABAL with different concentrations have positive effect on the absolute weight, absolute length, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio and intestinal villi surface area of tiger shrimp larvae, without adverse effect on the survival rate of tiger shrimp seed.

Lake management under severe drought: Lake Mead, Nevada/Arizona

AbstractDrought can affect both the quantity and quality of water in lakes and reservoirs, yet larger, highly managed waterbodies, such as Lake Mead, may be somewhat buffered from drought effects. From 2000 to present, Lake Mead has experienced a 71% decline in volume; however, influent water quality has remained high and consistent outflow volumes through Hoover Dam have been maintained. Furthermore, management activities, such as increased removal of phosphorus by wastewater dischargers and legacy contamination cleanup efforts, have been initiated since the drought began. These efforts have led to small improvements in values of water quality parameters, such as phosphorus, nitrogen, and perchlorate, despite loss of volume for dilution of constituents, and consequently, decreased residence time. As the drought continues, Lake Mead is projected to continue declining in volume, inflows are projected to become warmer, and the population of Las Vegas is projected to grow, potentially adding additional stress to the hydrologic system. Maintenance of outflow may mitigate some potentially negative consequences, and understanding the drivers behind continued high water quality despite prolonged drought is important to continue to maintain the health and vitality of the entire Lower Colorado River Basin.

Effect of Addition of Soybean Oil, Coconut Oil and Corn Oil to Commercial Feed on the Growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

This study aims to determine the appropriate addition of vegetable oil to see the best growth of Red Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) without reducing feed consumption. This study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and four replications. Treatment A (Control), Treatment B (4% soybean oil), Treatment C (4% coconut oil), and Treatment D (4% corn oil). Parameters observed were Specific Growth Rate (SGR), and water quality (Temperature, pH and DO). The results showed that treatment B (4% soybean oil) gave significantly different results on the parameters of SGR, while treatments C and D increased the fat content of red tilapia compared to the control treatment. The water quality parameter values are in good condition for the growth and survival of Red Tilapia. The highest SGR value in treatment B was 1.51%, treatment D was 1.10%, treatment A was 1.07%, and treatment C was 0.89%.

Real-time assessment of the Ganga river during pandemic COVID-19 and predictive data modeling by machine learning.

In this study, four water quality parameters were reviewed at 14 stations of river Ganga in pre-, during and post-lockdown and these parameters were modeled by using different machine learning algorithms. Various mathematical models were used for the computation of water quality parameters in pre-, during and post- lockdown period by using Central Pollution Control Board real-time data. Lockdown resulted in the reduction of Biochemical Oxygen Demand ranging from 55 to 92% with increased concentration of dissolved oxygen at few stations. pH was in range of 6.5–8.5 of during lockdown. Total coliform count declined during lockdown period at some stations. The modeling of oxygen saturation deficit showed supremacy of Thomas Mueller model (R2 = 0.75) during lockdown over Streeter Phelps (R2 = 0.57). Polynomial regression and Newton’s Divided Difference model predicted possible values of water quality parameters till 30th June, 2020 and 07th August, 2020, respectively. It was found that predicted and real values were close to each other. Genetic algorithm was used to optimize hyperparameters of algorithms like Support Vector Regression and Radical Basis Function Neural Network, which were then employed for prediction of all examined water quality metrics. Computed values from ANN model were found close to the experimental ones (R2 = 1). Support Vector Regression-Genetic Algorithm Hybrid proved to be very effective for accurate prediction of pH, Biochemical Oxygen Demand, Dissolved Oxygen and Total coliform count during lockdown.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13762-022-04423-1.

Effect of Use of Different Light Spectrum on Growth Performance and Color Brightness Level of Tiger Barb (Puntius tetrazona)

This study aims to evaluate the effect of light spectrum on growth performance and brightness level of tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona). The research was conducted in January – March 2022 at the Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Physiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatment consisted of five treatments, namely control (without LED lights), white LED lights (B), red (C), green (D) and blue (E) lights with 12 hours of irradiation. The treatment was given for 60 days. Parameters observed included growth in length and absolute weight, color brightness level, survival rate and water quality (temperature, pH and DO). The results of the study for 60 days of maintenance showed that the best growth parameter was the red LED light treatment with an absolute length growth of 0.57 cm and an absolute weight growth of 0.49 g. The best color quality parameter for tiger barb (Puntius tetrazona) was obtained in the red LED light treatment with an increase in the color score in the Toca color finder (TCF) reaching 1.7 on the body; 2,3 on the pectoral fins; and 2.4 on the tail. The water quality parameter values are in normal conditions (temperature ranges from 27.3-27.9 ◦C; DO ranges from 4.2-5 mg/l; and pH ranges from 6.97-7.65;) so that it is good for the survival rate of tiger barb, namely 100%.

The Effect of Differences in the Addition of Astaxanthin and Several Sources of Natural ß-carotene in Increasing Color Intensity of Koi Fish (Cyprinus carpio L.)

This study aimed to examine the effect of differences in the addition of astaxanthin and several natural sources of ß-carotene taken from shrimp head flour and marigold flower flour on the color intensity of koi fish. The research was carried out from January 2022 to March 2022 at the Aquaculture Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University, Indonesia. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of four treatments and three replications. The treatments given are control (A), Astaxanthin 0.02% (B), Shrimp Head Flour 10% (C), and Marigold Flower Flour 1.5% (D). Feding of koi fish was carried out for 60 days. Parameters observed included color brightness observed using Toca Color Finder (TCF), survival rate, growth and water quality (temperature, DO, and pH). The results showed that each treatment gave a good effect in increasing the color of koi fish. The addition of astaxanthin 0.02% showed the highest value with an increase in color score of 2.2 on the head and 1.2 on the body. The highest survival rate was in the treatment of adding astaxanthin 0.02% and marigold flower flour 1.5% with a value of 100%. The highest fish growth value was in the addition of shrimp head flour 10% treatment with a weight growth value of 1.938 g and a length growth value of 0.852 cm. The water quality parameter values ​​(temperature: 27-30℃, DO 5.3-7.8 mg/L, and pH: 6.7-7.9) were in normal conditions.

The Effect of Giving Various Natural Sources of ß-Carotene to Increased Color Intensity on the Oranda Goldfish (Carassius auratus)

This research aims to examine the effect of adding various sources of natural ß-Carotene obtained from sweet potato flour, carrot flour and pumpkin flour to the color brightness of Goldfish. The research was carried out from December 2021 to February 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory Building 2, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Padjadjaran University. The experimental design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and three replications. The treatments were negative control (A), positive control (B), 10% sweet potato flour (C), 10% carrot flour (D) and 10% pumpkin flour (E). Maintenance with treatment on the test fish was carried out for 60 days. Parameters observed included color brightness observed using Toca Color Finder (TCF), growth, life, and air quality (Temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen). The results showed that the addition of various sources of natural carotene in the feed had an effect on increasing the brightness of the color of the Oranda Goldfish (Carasius auratus). The highest value of increasing fish color brightness was found in treatment E with pumpkin flour as a natural source of ß-Carotene, namely 3.2 in the head, 3.3 in the body and 2.5 in the tail. Survival rate in this study is 100%. The water quality parameter values ​​are in good condition for the growth and survival rate of goldfish. Based on observations of water quality the results of temperature ranged from 24.2°C - 28°C, pH ranged from 6.88-7.62 and Dissolved Oxygen ranged from 5.8-8.0 mg/L.

Effects of Watershed Delineation on the Prediction of Water Quality Parameters in Gaa Akanbi Area, Ilorin

Watershed delineation is a required step when conducting any spatially distributed hydrological modelling. The prediction of water quality parameters in a basin entails delineation of watershed into different number of sub-basins. Thus, this research evaluated effects of watershed delineation on the prediction of water quality parameters in Gaa Akanbi area of Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. The objectives are to model and predict water quality parameters in the watershed; delineate the selected watershed in various numbers of sub-basins and study the effects of watershed delineation in the prediction of water quality parameters of the basin. For proper implementation of this study, Geographical Information System (GIS) software, physically based watershed model – Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) and other data processing software were used. Since the model is physically based, the surface properties (i.e. Digital Elevation Model (DEM), stream network, digital soil map, digital land use and land cover map, climatic and hydrological data) served as input in the model. The model was daily for a period of 30 years (i.e. January 1991 to December, 2020). The results showed that the watershed was successfully delineated to 3,7,11,21,32,53 sub-basins. Also, it was noted that the predicted values of water quality parameters (Nitrate, organic phosphorus and sediment concentration) are directly proportional to increase in the number of sub-basins delineated in the watershed.

A model for tubificid worm (Tubifex tubifex) production and its effect on growth of three selected ornamental fish

. The demand for sludge worms, Tubifex tubifex is increasing with the growth of aquaculture as low-cost live feed in hatcheries and ornamental fish nurseries. The study was conducted to determine the optimal culture medium for T. tubifex worm’s production and to find out the inclusion effects of worms as feed on ornamental fish rearing. Three media-based treatments (T-1: mustard oil cake 20%, wheat bran 10%, soybean meal 10%, rice bran 20%, cow-dung 20%, sand 10%, fish pond mud 10%; T-2: mustard oil cake 10%, wheat bran 10%, soybean meal 10%, rice bran 10%, straw 5%, fish scale, stomach and fin 25%, cow-dung 20%, fish pond mud 10% and T-3: cow-dung 75%, sand 15%, fish pond mud 10%) with three replications of each were used to culture the worms for 100 days in nine cemented culvert system (160×25×10 cm3). The growth performance of three popular ornamental fishes koi carp (Cyprinus carpio), comet goldfish (Carassius auratus auratu) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) were determined by replacing the commercial feed at different level with tubificid rearing in fiberglass aquarium (45×30×30 cm3) for 32 days duration. Maximum yield (959.23 44.34 mg·cm-2) of tubificid biomass was recorded in T-2 (mustard oil cake-10%, wheat bran-10%, soybean meal-10%, rice bran-10%, straw-5%, fish scale, intestine, stomach and fin-25%, cow-dung-20%, mud collected from fish pond-10%) with a peak at day 70th. The fish fed with 50% commercial feed + 50% T. tubifex in TF-2 showed significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher growth and survival performance than other treatments. The mean value of water quality parameters (i.e. temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen) were statistically insignificant (p&gt;0.05) among the three treatments. Approximately 1.83 kg media were needed to produce 1.0 kg tubificid worm in treatment T-2. T-2 media is recommended as suitable media for commercial tubificid worm production and the inclusion of 50 % tubificid worms in the feed can be suggested for the ornamental fish rearing.

Effect of conventional retting of jute on the quality of water and jute fiber

Jute is a natural fiber also known as golden fiber in Bangladesh. Jute fiber is commonly extracted from the plant after immersion in water bodies. The traditional jute retting process harms the quality of jute fiber as well as water where jute plants were immersed as it decomposes bio-mass and hampers different water quality indicating parameters. In this study water samples were collected from different ponds and ditches at Muktagacha Upazilla, Mymensingh, Bangladesh in July 2020. Samples were collected from jute pre- and post-retting water bodies. The study was conducted to monitor the effect of jute retting on various physicochemical and microbiological parameters like- pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), and dissolved oxygen (DO). All parameters were measured at the central laboratory of Bangladesh Agricultural University using a Multiparameter waterproof meter with a probe. To examine water quality, water samples were collected three times from five particular water bodies of stagnant waters, and the freshwater of the canal and pond. Water quality parameters of pre and post-retting jute water were found as pH 6.42~7.02 and 6.10~5.59, TDS 18~81 mgL-1and 103~183 mgL-1, DO 2.3~2.4 mgL-1and 0.8~0.9 mgL-1, and EC 36~163 µScm-1and 222~396 µScm-1, respectively. A comparison was made with the standard values of water quality parameters and found notable differences with the Department of Environment standards of Bangladesh. Another observation was also made to determine whether the retting water can influence fiber quality or not. Observed results indicated that a low level of pH and DO in jute retted water in a pond may not be suitable for fish cultivation. On the other hand, higher content of TDS and EC in post jute retting water was found responsible for the poor quality of jute fiber.&#x0D; Progressive Agriculture 32 (2): 151-161, 2021

Immune Response of White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) to Different Density and IMNV Challenge

Highlight ResearchWhite shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with IMNV and different stocking densitiesThe water quality parameter values are getting worse along with the increase in stocking densityWhite shrimp THC value decreased with increasing stocking density and IMNV challenge testThe development of the IMNV increased with an increase in stocking density seen from the speed and percentage of the appearance of the clinical symptoms and histopathology results AbstractIncreasing in stocking density of shrimp affects the physiology and behaviour of their moving space. The health condition of shrimp is influenced by feeding, growth, and its susceptibility on disease. The aim of this study was to determine the development of immune response in relation to density and the presence of IMNV infection. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) at density of 100 shrimp.m-2, 200 shrimp.m-2, and 400 shrimp.m-2, with three replications in each treatment. The shrimp used was 5,02±0,26 g and the virus infection was exposed orally. This research was facilitated at the Disease Research Centre Laboratory of Central Proteina Prima Company, Pasar Kemis, Tangerang for 30 days. The results showed that the Total Hemocyte Count (THC) in hemolymph of shrimp had different values between negative controls and challenged IMNV. The lowest THC value was found at a density of 400 shrimp m-2 (3.00x106ml-1). While the highest THC value was at a density of 100 shrimp.m-2 (4.75x106ml-1). This result is supported by the increasing value of water quality parameters along with the increasing density of shrimp. Histopathology changes on skeletal muscle and lymphoid organs confirmed that the development of IMNV infection was faster at high shrimp densities.