Payback Period Value Research Articles

Potential for Cattle Business Development in the Buffer Zone of Mount Leuser National Park, Bahorok District, Indonesia

Local communities in Bahorok District are highly dependent on the agricultural and livestock sectors as their main livelihoods. The environment and abundant natural resources cause a profitable for the community to raise livestock.This study aims to to examine potential development of cattle farming (financial and economic aspects) in the buffer zone of Gunung Leuser National Park, Bahorok District.The type of data used in this study is primary data obtained through observation and interviews and secondary data through literature and the North Sumatra Central Statistics Agency. Determination of the sample by Purposive Sampling with 100 cattle breeders. Data analysis was carried out by calculating income, financial analysis of Net Present Value (NPV), Net Benefit-Cost (B/C), Payback Period (PP), and economic analysis. The results of this study indicate that the average income of cattle breeders in the Buffer Zone of Gunung Leuser National Park, Bahorok District is IDR 24,551,421 for semi-intensive and IDR 8,235,155 for extensive per year. The income of breeders can cover production costs so that income is positive or profitable. The cattle farming business shows that by using an interest rate of 8%, the NPV is obtained >0 or has a positive value, the Gross B/C value is obtained 1.97 and the Net B/C value is 1.25, meaning BCR>1 means a positive value, the PP value is 3.1 and 4.2 years, and the economic analysis shows that the cattle farming business has an important role in the economy in Bahorok District

Assessing the 3E performance of multiple energy supply scenarios based on photovoltaic, wind turbine, battery and hydrogen systems

Supplying buildings with cost-effective, eco-friendly and reliable energy by hybridizing sustainable renewable energy systems (RESs) and energy storage methods is becoming increasingly interesting. This study investigates the energy, environmental and economic (3E) effectiveness of three energy supply scenarios (ESSs) designed to meet the electricity and thermal needs of a typical residential building under the Mediterranean climate of Morocco. The first scenario aims to directly supply the energy produced by two RESs, namely photovoltaic and wind systems, to the building and inject the surplus electricity into the grid. In contrast, in the second scenario, the excess solar and wind energy is stored in batteries, while in the third one a proton exchange membrane electrolyzer is used to produce hydrogen and store it for later use through fuel cells. To examine the performance of these scenarios, numerous software, such as EnergyPlus and PVsyst, as well as numerical models are used. The findings indicate that the second and third scenarios can achieve an energy coverage ratio of up to 100 %, whilst the first scenario reaches lower ratio of 52.56 %. Environmentally, the first scenario exhibits the best outcomes with a carbon payback period of one year and a reduction in carbon emissions of 18.21 tCO2e/year. On the other side, the carbon payback period and carbon emissions reduction are 1.66 years and 15.13 tCO2e/year for the second scenario, and 1.14 years and 14.82 tCO2e/year for the third scenario. Economically, the first scenario reveals the best economic findings, followed by the second one, while the third scenario is not economically feasible. The obtained simple payback period values for the first, second and third scenarios are 5.80, 7.89 and 16.30 years, whereas their levelized cost of energy shares are 0.05, 0.09 and 0.21 $/kWh, sequentially. The outcomes of this research significantly contribute to the field by providing crucial information for building owners and professionals to help them in discerning the most efficient ESSs in the 3E prospects, and hence improving their decision-making and implementation processes.

Economic Feasibility Analysis of Investment in International Circuit Development in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ)

The Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) has been planned from the start to build facilities and infrastructure by creating a management concept set out in the main plan for the area with the theme of eco green tourism. One of the developments that has been developed in the Mandalika SEZ is the Mandalika International Circuit. The construction of the Mandalika Circuit certainly provides many positive aspects, especially in the local economic sector. The impact of Covid-19 in the Mandalika SEZ could trigger a decline in the tourist market. The circuit as a symbol of the Mandalika SEZ was also affected by Covid-19, this resulted in a reduction in visitors to events at the Mandalika International Circuit. So an in-depth analysis is needed regarding the changes that have occurred as a result of Covid-19, especially in the financial aspect. For feasibility from the financial aspect, cash flow calculations are used with investment feasibility parameters, namely; NPV (Net Present Value), BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio), IRR (Internal Rate of Return), and PP (Payback Period). From the analysis of the financial aspects, the NVP value was obtained with an interest rate of 8.75% per year, in the initial planning phase the value was obtained at IDR 202,628,841,832,- in 2035, then during the operational phase the NVP result was IDR 14,497,533,652,- in 2041, and the NPV multiplier effect is IDR 552,401,765,515 in 2041. The BCR value in the initial planning phase is 1.112 in 2035. During the operational phase the BCR value is 1.008 and in the phase due to the impact of the multiplier effect it is obtained The BCR value is 1.304 in 2041. The IRR value in the initial planning phase was 13.96% in 2035. In the operational phase the IRR was 12.56% and the IRR due to the impact of the multiplier effect was 14.43% in 2041 . The PP value for the initial planning phase is obtained over 8 years. Meanwhile, in the operational phase, PP was obtained for 11 years and PP due to the impact of the multiplier effect was obtained for 9 years. The Mandalika International Circuit project was declared feasible based on analysis data that had been carried out in the operational phase and due to the impact of the multiplier effect, even though it took longer than the initial planning phase.

An Analysis of Goldfish Hatchtery Business in the Situjaya Group of Situraja Village, Sumedang Regency, West Java

The purposes of this study were (1) To analyze the prospect of goldfish hatchery business in Situ Jaya Group, judged from the financial aspect. (2) To formulate any goldfish hatchery alternative strategy in Situjaya Group. The eligibility analysis criteria that is applied to analyze the business feasibility are Net Benefit Cost Ratio (Net B / C), and Payback Period (PP). Furthermore, the methods which are applied to identify the factors that influenced the business development using Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) matrix, the EFE matrix, the Strategic Matrix, and the Matrix Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT), on the final phase resulted in creating alternative development strategies. Data collection method was conducted by using census method. The number of respondents were 8 people in all members of the Situ Jaya Group. Based on the non-financial feasibility analysis, the hatchery business is still weak on all non-financial aspects. Based on the results of financial analysis, it yields worth 100%. The entire value of Net B / C that obtained is greater than 1, i.e. 1.67. All PP value that obtained is 6 years 11 months 27 days. Based on the Matrix Strategy analysis that can be applied is market penetration and product development. Based on the SWOT analysis, the strategy that needs to be done is aggressive strategy which means that the business is in steady and excellent condition so it is possible to continue to expand, enlarge the growth and achieve maximum progress. While the Alternative Strategy for business development is the application of Weaknesses-Opportunities Strategy.

Economics Analysis of Production of Litchi Air Layered Plants by using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs)

"Traditional harvesting is a labor-intensive and expensive procedure; farmers often spend 25 to 30 percent of crop production costs on harvesting. Harvesting at right time is most important factor, as delay of harvesting operation results in significant grain loss due to shattering their by reducing yield of a crop. The feasibility and adoptability of developed pulse crop harvester was evaluated by following constrains such as benefit cost ratio, breakeven point, cost of operation, net present value payback period and revenue cost ratio by using standard test procedures. The cost of operation is 1757.40 `/ha, developed harvester can save cost up to 4242.60 `/ha over traditional method. The estimated revenue cost ratio, breakeven point, benefit cost ratio, payback period, and net present value were 3.86, 314.47 h/yr,2.41:1, 1.37 yr, and 4.14 duly. The total cost spend for fabrication of harvester was 47,500 `. The total amount spend by farmer can return with in one years. The created technique was effectively deployed due to its low cost and ease of usage."

Economic Analysis and Feasibility of Tractor Operated Pulse Crop Harvester

Traditional harvesting is a labor-intensive and expensive procedure; farmers often spend 25 to 30 percent of crop production costs on harvesting. Harvesting at right time is most important factor, as delay of harvesting operation results in significant grain loss due to shattering their by reducing yield of a crop. The feasibility and adoptability of developed pulse crop harvester was evaluated by following constrains such as benefit cost ratio, breakeven point, cost of operation, net present value payback period and revenue cost ratio by using standard test procedures. The cost of operation is 1757.40 `/ha, developed harvester can save cost up to 4242.60 `/ha over traditional method. The estimated revenue cost ratio, breakeven point, benefit cost ratio, payback period, and net present value were 3.86, 314.47 h/yr,2.41:1, 1.37 yr, and 4.14 duly. The total cost spend for fabrication of harvester was 47,500 `. The total amount spend by farmer can return with in one years. The created technique was effectively deployed due to its low cost and ease of usage.

STUDY OF THE EVALUATION OF 10 KWP ON- GRID SOLAR POWER SYSTEM AT PLTD SIANTAN

The use of fossil fuels as an energy source remains a primary priority today. However, renewable energy is a potential alternative to support the availability of fossil fuels. Renewable energy is derived from natural sources and has sustainable characteristics, such as solar, wind, and hydro power. Solar Power Plants are one of the electrical energy sources that utilize the sun as their primary source. Indonesia, located on the equator, has abundant solar energy with an average solar radiation intensity of around 4.8 kWh/m^2 per day throughout the country, especially in Pontianak, which is situated on the equator. This research focuses on the evaluation study of an On-Grid Solar Power System located at PLTD Siantan. The objective of this study is to determine the amount of energy generated and conduct economic analysis and feasibility analysis of the On-Grid Solar Power System using three methods: Net Present Value (NPV), Profitability Index (PI), and Payback Period (PP). The data collection and calculations revealed that the average energy produced by the Solar Power System at PLTD Siantan is 29.14 kWp. There are a total of 20 installed solar panels, each with a power of 560W, and one inverter with a capacity of 10 kW. The investment cost for the Solar Power System is IDR. 180,868,506.00. The economic feasibility analysis of the Solar Power System using the three methods resulted in an NPV of IDR. 213,645,234.00, a PI value of 2.18, and a PP value of 14 years

Comprehensive technical and economic study and optimization of a novel combined cooling heating and power system driven by a four cylinder [formula omitted] type Stirling engine

In this research, a novel arrangement of combined cooling, heating and power (CCHP) system is presented based on a four cylinder α type Stirling engine. Among the other novelties of this work, the simulation of the engine with high accuracy and the investigation of the engine specifications impacts have been conducted including: regenerator porosity, regenerator length and engine speed on the technical and economic performances of CCHP system such as power output, overall specific fuel consumption (OSFC), investment payback period (PP), net present value (NPV) and internal rate of return (IRR).From a technical viewpoint (reduction in specific fuel consumption of the CCHP system), it is more appropriate to use the system in the range of engine speed of 2100 rpm, porosity of 0.66 and length of the regenerator of 2.9 cm. If the engine speed is 4500 rpm and the regenerator porosity is equal to 0.69, the CCHP system will be profitable after 3 years with an average annual inflation of 10 %, and after 8 years this system can have more than $69,000 profit. In these situation, the IRR of the system is reported to be 33 % and these conditions are more appropriate from an economic point of view. Also, by performing double-objective optimization, the most optimal conditions of the CCHP system to minimize the OSFC and the PP are in a state where the engine speed, the porosity and length of the regenerator are 2501.1 rpm, 0.631, and 2.58 cm, respectively. In this condition, the value of OSFC and PP of CCHP system is: 112.21 gr/kW.h and 3.28 years respectively.

Techno-economic analysis of electricity generation from household sewage sludge in different regions of Nigeria

Waste management has been a chronic environmental challenge in Nigeria, coupled with declining economic performance due to energy crises. This study was designed to estimate electricity potential of sewage sludge to meet the 2030 Renewable Energy target. However, there was a need to fill the gap in data related to wastewater management in Nigeria. The wastewater and sludge generated from households were evaluated based on data on population, access to water, and coverage of sewer networks. Consequently, the technical and economic feasibility of electricity generation was assessed using Anaerobic Digestion (AD)11AD - Anaerobic Digestion and Incineration (INC)22INC - Incineration scenarios. The core results found that North Central had the highest potential for wastewater generation (142.8–403.6 billion litres/yr) and collection (8.3–37.5 billion litres/yr) over 20 years. However, the South East had the highest average sewer collection rate of 9.08 %. The AD technology was the most technically viable, with a maximum generation of 6.8 GWh/yr in the North Central. In comparison, the INC outperformed AD in most of the financial viability indicators considered viz-a-viz: Life Cycle Cost (LCC),33LCC - Life Cycle Cost Net Present Value (NPV),44NPV - Net Present Value Pay Back Period (PBP),55PBP - Payback Period Internal Rate of Return (IRR),66IRR - Internal Rate of Return Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE).77LCOE - Levelized Cost of Energy The AD had a higher NPV of 16.3–69.58 million USD and a shorter PBP of about 4 years. The INC had a lower LCC of 0.1–0.34 million USD, LCOE of 0.046–0.094 USD/kWh, and a higher IRR of 19.3–25 %. Additionally, the sensitivity of NPV and INC to changes in economic factors would be noteworthy for investors and policymakers. Ultimately, the choice of technology should reflect the fiscal goal and priorities of a project.

Exergy-based techno-economic and environmental assessments of a proposed integrated solar powered electricity generation system along with novel prioritization method and performance indices

This study focused on the two important gaps in the literature. The first is solar energy- powered electricity generation in a more economical way via the integration of flat plate solar collector (FPSC), an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC), and an absorptional heat transformer (AHT) system. Another gap is advanced exergy analysis of the AHT cycle/ORC process based on renewable energy integration to reveal clues for improving the system. To close these gaps, a novel system including a lithium bromide AHT cycle-ORC with a FPSC system application was proposed in this study. In this proposed system, the temperature of the heat source for the ORC system was upgraded via an integration of the AHT and FPSC cycles. The main components of the AHT cycle are the condenser (ABScon), refrigerant cycle pump (P1), evaporator (EV), absorber (ABS), solution heat exchanger (SHX), absorbent cycle pump (P2), expansion valve (V), generator (Gen), ORC turbine (ORCT) and ORC condenser (ORCcon). To demonstrate the electricity production from solar energy in a more economical way thanks to the proposed system, a comparison was made with similar-scaled existing solar power plants. The results supported the main purpose of this study. The annual electricity production with the proposed system was calculated as 2601 MWh, with initial investment cost and payback period values of US$3.924 million and 4.531 years, respectively. The conventional and advanced exergy, exergoeconomic, environmental impact, and sustainability analyzes were also performed. Based on these, the novel performance parameters and prioritization method were proposed to assess the improvement potential of the system. The results indicated that SHX and FPSC had the highest exergy destruction rates (EDRs) of 23.711% and 21.849% over 5853.89 kW due to the stronger thermal and chemical reactions. Similarly, Gen, FPSC, and SHX had the highest ED cost rates (CRs) of 67.59%, 59.09%, and, 47.98%, respectively. Gen, V, and ORCcon were higher contributors to the exergy destruction rates of almost all the components. However, these showed an adverse manner for irreversibility activities. So, the temperatures of Gen and ORCcon should be optimized carefully. ABScon, P2, P1, ABS, Gen, ORCT, and ORCcon had high development priority to improve the whole system.

Analysis of the Financial Feasibility of Potential Post-Pandemic Businesses Using the Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), and Payback Period (PP) Methods (Case Study: MSME Environmentally Friendly Bioplastic Products)

MSMEs play a strategic role as a driver of post-pandemic economic growth. MSME bioplastic products have the potential to contribute to economic growth and environmental sustainability. This study aims to determine the financial feasibility of MSME bioplastic products based on NPV, IRR, and PP values. The method uses evaluative research types with data processing and financial data analysis. Research shows the results of initial calculations such as 1) Investment costs of IDR 5,567,000; 2) Projected net cash flow of IDR 4,887,936 per year; 3) Determination of a discount of 6%. Based on these calculations, the results obtained are an NPV value of IDR 15,022,764.59, an IRR value of 84%, and a PP value in the 2nd year of production. Based on these three analyses, it can be concluded that the business potential of post-pandemic MSME bioplastic products can be said to be financially feasible

Financial Feasibility Analysis of Coffee Roasting Business (Case Study in Coffee Misconception Shop)

The coffee roasting business at the Kelirumologi Kopi shop has a very big opportunity to run because there are no competitors in the Kersana District area. But on the other hand, is this business financially viable or not? Therefore, this study aims to determine the feasibility of financial analysis in coffee roasting businesses in Kelirumology Coffee. The method used in this study is a quantitative method that is used to analyze the calculation of financial aspects such as Payback Period, Net Present Value and Profitability Index. The results of the study show that the calculation results from financial analysis are declared feasible to run because the Payback Period value is smaller than the investment age, namely 1 year 8.7 months with an investment age of 3 years, the NPV is more than 0 and has a positive value of Rp. 65,922,388 and PI is accepted because the calculation results show more than 1, namely 1.8.

KAJIAN FINANSIAL PENGADAAN PERALATAN PENGUKUR KETIDAKRATAAN JALAN LASER PROFILEMETER KELAS I HAWKEYE 2000 DI LINGKUNGAN BALAI PELAKSANAAN JALAN NASIONAL BENGKULU

Balai Pelaksanaan Jalan Nasional (BPJN) Bengkulu was born based on PUPR Regulation Number. 26 of2020. The Function is the implementation of feasibility studies, surveys, investigation, and evaluation ofplanning for the technical field of road and bridge including road safety. The Important type of survey arelongitudinal profile survey International Roughness Index (IRI), and Pavement Condition Index (PCI). TheMethod is to examined secondary data obtained from literature review and analyzed financial data (NetPresent Value, Benefit Cost Ratio, and Payback Period. The author builds four scenarios (pessimistic,medium, optimistic, and do nothing). The Benefit Cost Ratio for the scenario 1 (pessimist) is 0.33, thescenario 2 (medium) is 1.54, the scenario 3 (optimistic) is 2.82, and the scenario 4 (do-nothing) is N/A.Value of Payback Period for the scenario 2 (medium) is 5.62 years, and the scenario 3 (optimistic) is 2.79years. Based on the analysis, the decision to purchase a Hawkeye 2000 digital laser profilemeter withinBPJN Bengkulu is financially feasible as long as the hawkeye used not only for Internal, but as a source ofPNBP from client like private sector or provincial government, and distric or city governments in BengkuluProvince.

Experimental performance evaluation of a solar parabolic dish collector using spiral flow path receiver

The solar receiver design plays a crucial role in the performance and efficiency of a parabolic dish solar collector. This experimental study examines a finned spiral flow path receiver in a 16 m2 parabolic dish collector to enhance heat transfer from the receiver surface to the heat transfer fluid. The solar receiver is evaluated outdoors at water flow rates of 0.04 kg/s, 0.05 kg/s, 0.06 kg/s, and 0.12 kg/s. At water flow rates of 0.04 kg/s, 0.05 kg/s, and 0.06 kg/s, the receiver's average energy efficiency was 31.27 %, 44.34 %, and 50.69 %, respectively. At water flow rates of 0.12 kg/s, the peak energy and exergy efficiency are around 65.81 % and 6.85 %, respectively. The proposed solar receiver shows an increased heat transfer coefficient from the receiver surface to the fluid with more fluid residence time due to the spiral flow path and fins. The economic evaluation demonstrates that the solar receiver with a flow rate of 0.12 kg/s produces the most significant economic outcomes compared to other selected water flow rates. The proposed solar receiver's estimated levelized cost of energy, net present value, benefit-to-cost ratio, and payback period values are 0.18 ($/kWh), 925.61 $, 8.40 and 1.62 years. Thus, the finned spiral flow path receiver with a flow rate of 0.12 kg/s produces optimal performance among the selected water flow rates. The significant results benefit the solar community in designing an effective finned solar receiver for concentrated solar collectors.

ANALISIS POTENSI EKONOMI DAN KELAYAKAN USAHA BUDIDAYA IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DESA TAMBUHA KECAMATAN WATUNOHU, KOLAKA UTARA

Analysis of economic potential and business feasibility is intended so that the actors can avoid the risk of loss, one of which is in the milkfish cultivation business. Generally, milkfish cultivation in Indonesia is carried out in brackish or greedy water. One area that also does this cultivation is Tambuha Village. The purpose of this research is to see the economic potential and future of milkfish cultivation business in Tambuha Village. The research method is descriptive. The research variables are economic potential and business behavior. Data was collected randomly through observation and interviews with informants. Data analysis was carried out qualitatively to see the description of the cultivation business in the research location, and quantitatively to determine the economic potential and business feasibility. Economic potential analysis is carried out through revenue and income analysis, while business feasibility is analyzed using the operating profit (OP) formula, benefit cost ratio (BCR), payback period (PP), profitability, break-even point (BEP), return of investment (ROI). The results showed that the milkfish cultivation business in Tambuha Village has economic potential because it can be profitable. In addition, this business is also very feasible because it is based on the value of OP, BRC, PP, BEP and ROI.

Quantification of the Impact of Solar Water Heating and Influence of Its Potential Utilization through Strategic Campaign: Case Study in Dimbaza, South Africa

This paper ascertained the performance of the evacuated tube solar water heater (SWH) coupled with an auxiliary electric heater with reference to the replaced electric water heater with the same storage tank capacity (200 L) in a building. It also examines the influence of the uptake of the SWHs in the community due to different campaign methods. The study evaluated the performance of a 4 kW electric water heater and a 2 kW input SWH with an auxiliary electric heater, and quantified the annual energy and cost savings. A survey using questionnaires was conducted among 150 residences in Dimbaza based on the house representative’s perceptions to replace their electric water heaters with solar water heaters (based on the monetary saving inscribed on the solar water heaters, the sensitization of the target population on the environmental benefits of the solar water heaters and both the monetary savings and environmental benefits). The findings revealed that by replacing the electric water heater with the solar water heater with an auxiliary electric heater, the annual electricity savings due to hot water heating was 4408.99 kWh and the net present value payback period was 4.32 years. The desire of the household representatives to replace their existing electric water heaters with solar water heaters due to the campaign strategies increased from 75 to 126. This study is capable of providing a mechanism to increase the penetration of solar water heaters and justifying the techno-economic viability of solar water heaters.

Analisis Usaha Perikanan Tangkap dengan Alat Tangkap Dogol di Kelurahan Samboja Kuala Kecamatan Samboja Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara

The purpose of the study was to analyze the level of profit and feasibility of a capture fishery business using dogol fishing gear in Samboja Kuala Village, Samboja District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency. The research was carried out from January 2021 to October 2022 in Samboja Kuala Village, Samboja District, Kutai Regency, Kutai Kartanegara. Samples were taken of as many as 30 fishermen who use dogol fishing gear with reference to the census method. The results showed that the level of income in the capture fisheries business with dogol fishing gear in Samboja Kuala Village, Samboja District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency on average was Rp. 7,253,528/month. Then the results of the feasibility analysis of capture fisheries business with dogol fishing gear show that the RCR value is 1.39, the BEP production for each shrimp is 177 kg dogol shrimp, 96 kg spotted shrimp, and 60 kg flower/exported shrimp. dogol shrimp Rp.8,235, spotted shrimp Rp.52,152, and flower/exported shrimp Rp.41,173, and BEP Sales Rp.134,357,903, the payback period value or the ability of the business to return investment costs is 7 years, so the catch fishery business is using dogol fishing gear in Samboja Kuala Village, Samboja District, Kutai Kartanegara Regency is feasible to run.

Feasibility analysis of paddy-fish (Minapadi) system business in Toraja, South Sulawesi

Paddy-fish (Minapadi) is a fish and rice maintenance system at a particular time and in the same place. Generally, Paddy-fish activities are done in rice fields. The rice field constructs are slightly different from the patterns of excavations in some parts for puddles. This study aims to analyze the feasibility of the Paddy-fish business from four aspects: NPV, Net B/C, IRR, and PBP. Research has been conducted in Makale, Toraja, and South Sulawesi Province. The research method used was a quantitative approach by using a survey. The study was used open questionnaires. The data were collected by using the purposive sampling technique. It involved 30 respondents of farmers who do Paddy-fish activities. The data analysis method used was a financial analysis covering; estimated values of NPV, Net B/C, IRR (Internal Rate of Return) and PBP (Payback Period). The study shows that the Paddy-fish business is very feasible to strive. The four indicators of business feasibility show a decent indication of effort. NPV value was 13,139,008 where the value implies >0, net value B/C was 2.52 where the value implies >1.0, IRR value was 20.47% where the value implies >MARR (18%), and payback period value was 1,917,108 in the second year of business.

FEASIBILITY STUDIES ON THE TOFU INDUSTRY

Feasibility analysis is carried out in order to ascertain whether a business activity is feasible based on several aspects. In general, the aspects analyzed are technical feasibility, market feasibility, management feasibility, financial feasibility, legal feasibility and social feasibility. The financial analysis is carried out with several criteria in the form of Net Present Value (NPV), Break Even Point (BEP) and Payback Period (PP) and risk analysis. The total value of income earned per month is Rp. 80,228,000. The value of the investment interest rate is 11.4%. The analysis is carried out based on the calculation of NPV, BEP and Pacback Period so that the data knows whether this industry can be declared feasible or not. After calculating the tofu industry, the NPV value of Rp. 217,587,161. Based on this, it can be seen that this industry can provide a net income in 10 years of Rp. 217,587,161. Because the NPV value is greater than zero, this industry is declared feasible to run because it is positive. the total cost of production is Rp. 53,934,985 per month and the principal return for the selling price is Rp. 2020 per unit. Meanwhile, from the calculation of the Payback Period value in the tofu industry, it was obtained for 3.87 years, this value indicates that the business can return capital before the age of the project is over and this makes this industry also feasible to run. In risk analysis, the highest risk is on equipment and business permits. there is not any yet. Risk parameters, the equipment used is still traditional, if you want to improve, you can replace some equipment using a more automatic machine because the work process is carried out without using a division of tasks and it is better to immediately arrange for a business license

An Assessment of External Wall Retrofitting Strategies Using GRC Materials in Hot Desert Regions

Due to urbanization, population growth, and the consequences of climate change, the usage of energy for cooling has increased considerably in recent years. Passive climate measures, on the other hand, could alleviate the situation by reducing energy use in buildings. This study examined the environmental and financial benefits of utilizing glass fiber-reinforced cement in the external walls of a communal social hub building in New Aswan city, taken an example of the hot desert region. Utilizing Design Builder software, the effect of various outside wall alternatives on cooling energy consumption was explored and analyzed. In addition, a cost–benefit analysis utilizing the simple payback period was conducted to aid decision-makers in selecting the most suitable exterior wall materials for public buildings in hot desert regions. Using cement plaster, cement brick, glass wool, and glass fiber-reinforced cement as an outside wall resulted in a significant improvement rate, according to the data. Compared to a typical wall (cement plaster, cement brick, and cement plaster), it can save up to 41% of energy. In addition, it has the lowest simple payback period value when compared to other examined solutions (10.86 years). In general, the results indicate that glass fiber-reinforced cement walls embedded in thermal insulation materials and incorporated into cement brick walls are more energy-efficient in terms of necessary cooling energy and economic viability.