Inductance Value Research Articles

Assessment of Stress-Strain State of Pipelines Based on the Measurements of Magnetic Characteristics in Field Conditions

A series of measurements on two pipeline sections made of 17G1S (17Г1С) steel using two measuring devices: magnetic multitester MMT-3 and magnetic analyser of structure KRM-C-K2M (КРМ-Ц-К2М) has been carried out. Maps of coercive force, residual magnetic induction and maximum magnetic induction on the pipes were obtained. The coefficient of loading for different cross-sections of the pipeline was calculated. Dependence of magnetic characteristics averaged over the cross-section on the coefficient of loading is plotted. It is revealed that the most dangerous for destruction cross-sections, in which the coefficient of loading exceeded the critical value of 1,2, correspond to the reduced values of coercive force and residual magnetic induction, obtained in the direction of measurement along the pipeline axis. It is shown that measurement along the axis at the top of the pipeline shows a similar relationship as for the cross-sectional averaged values, which means that in pipeline aerial crossings, measurement only at the top of the pipeline may be sufficient.

Features of Formation of Electromagnetic Fields of Industrial and Radio-Frequency Ranges in the Conditions of the Modern Residential Development of High Number of Storeys

The tool research of electromagnetic fields of industrial frequency and radio-frequency range in by Murino of the Leningrad Region is executed. Steady excesses of admissible level of tension on borders of a sanitary rupture of the high-voltage line of 330 kV are revealed. Excesses of admissible levels of magnetic induction and in the radio-frequency range – energy stream density are not revealed. It is established that the difference of values of electric field strength in 1.8 m from a surface and at the height of 72 m reaches 1–2 orders that can be explained only with the grounding Earth’s surface role. Considerable divergences of the settlement and measured values of tension and magnetic induction are revealed that means insufficiently correct account when calculating electrophysical properties of air. The detailed cards of density of a stream of energy showing a difficult, but steady picture of distribution of values are created. Some elements of territorial structure of electromagnetic fields of radio-frequency range – fragments of rings around base stations of cellular communication, and the auras dated for certain houses are revealed.

Simulation study of the effects of different materials used in the core of a TSV inductor on its behavior when integrated into a DC/DC converter

This research focuses on the design and modeling of a Through-Silicon via (TSV) inductor, tailored for integration within an interleaved boost converter. The TSV inductor features a winding structure designed with vertical TSVs linked to horizontal rectangular connections, creating an efficient topology. A comprehensive electrical model has been developed to account for all parasitic effects arising from the various physical components of the TSV inductor. MATLAB software was employed to analyze the influence of different materials used in the construction of the TSV inductor, with the goal of optimizing its inductance values and quality factor. This approach involved selecting materials that minimize energy losses, thereby enhancing the overall performance of the inductor. To validate the electrical parameters derived from the physical characteristics and material properties, the TINA simulation software was used. It simulated the interleaved boost converter circuit incorporating the TSV inductor’s equivalent electrical circuit for accuracy verification.

Measurement Method of Deeply Saturated Excitation Characteristics of Converter Transformer Under AC-DC Hybrid Excitation

During operation, converter transformers enter a saturation state, leading to phenomena such as magnetising inrush currents. Accurately measuring the excitation characteristic curve of an iron core under deep-saturation conditions is essential for analysing low-frequency transient phenomena in transformers. This paper presents a method for calculating the excitation characteristics of a converter transformer under deep iron core saturation. The method involves establishing an improved T model for the converter transformer and conducting open-circuit experiments in the linear working region to obtain the excitation characteristic curve and knee point parameters. AC-DC hybrid excitation is used to achieve deep saturation, and measurements of saturated inductance at different levels of saturation at the transformer terminals are taken. The mathematical relationship between saturated inductance and magnetic impedance is derived, allowing deduction of the magnetising characteristic curve of the converter transformer under deep-saturation conditions based on measured saturated inductance values. A finite element simulation analysis was performed on a single-phase four-column converter transformer with a capacity of 250 MVA. Additionally, a test platform for toroidal transformers and dry-type transformers has been set up to carry out excitation characteristic measurement and verification. Experimental results demonstrate that errors are maintained within 10% or less, validating this approach’s effectiveness.

Electromechanical modelling and vibration control analysis of cyclic symmetric structures with a piezoelectric vibration absorber

This study explored the application of piezoelectric vibration absorbers (PVAs) equipped with synthetic circuits for the vibration control of cyclic symmetric structures. A cyclic symmetric electromechanical model (CSEM) integrated with PVAs was introduced to facilitate the design and optimization of the PVAs. This model was formulated analytically based on the circulant matrix theory, and the dynamic response was computed using the complex mode superposition method with explicit consideration of the intrinsic resistance within the PVA. A case study involving a simplified blisk model and an experimental test rig was conducted to validate the proposed CSEM. The validity of the model was confirmed through a comparative analysis of both the natural and dynamic characteristics obtained using the finite element model and experimental results. Furthermore, the impact of synthetic circuit parameters (inductance and negative capacitance values) and the placement of piezoelectric patches on the vibration control performance of PVA were investigated. The results suggested that the optimal inductance coincide with the analytical value, whereas the optimal negative capacitance of the series was slightly greater than the intrinsic capacitance of the patch. Additionally, mounting the piezoelectric patch on the blade root improved the vibration control.

An Optimized Multi-Level Control Method for Wireless Power Transfer System Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm

A Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, known for its contactless power delivery, is extensively used for power supply in spacecraft applications. Achieving efficient and stable power transfer necessitates the integration of DC/DC converters on both the primary and secondary sides of WPT systems for power conversion and control. Traditional efficiency optimization methods primarily focus on impedance matching within the wireless power resonance network, often neglecting the overall efficiency optimization of multi-stage DC-DC and WPT systems. This oversight results in suboptimal overall system efficiency despite optimal efficiency in the wireless transmission segment. Additionally, the time-varying nature of mutual inductance and load parameters during power transmission in WPT systems presents challenges for maximum efficiency tracking and power control. This paper introduces a multi-level coordinated control efficiency optimization method for WPT systems utilizing the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm. This method takes into account the transmission losses across all power conversion units within the WPT system, establishing a mathematical model for the joint optimization of overall system transmission efficiency and power. The PSO algorithm is then employed to solve this optimization model using estimated mutual inductance and load values. By adjusting the DC/DC converters on both sides, the method ensures optimal overall system efficiency and consistent power transmission. Experimental results indicate that under varying load and mutual inductance conditions, a Series–Series (SS) compensated WPT system using this method achieves a 200 W power output with maximum efficiency tracking, a power output error of 0.63%, and an average transmission efficiency of 86.2%. This demonstrates superior power transmission stability and higher efficiency compared to traditional impedance matching methods.

A 3D shell model for static and free vibration analysis of multilayered magneto-elastic structures

In this paper, an exact 3D coupled magneto-elastic shell model for static and free vibration analysis of multilayered piezomagnetic smart structures is presented. The introduction of the mixed curvilinear orthogonal reference system (α,β,z) allows investigations of plates, cylindrical shells, cylinders and spherical shells as actuators or sensors and also in free vibration conditions. The present exact 3D coupled shell model is composed of four second-order differential equations whose primary variables are the three displacements u, v and w and the magnetic potential ψ. Displacements, stresses, strains, magnetic potential, magnetic induction and circular frequency values are computed to understand the behaviour of piezomagnetic smart structures. The resolution method adopted for the present 3D magneto-elastic problem is based on harmonic forms in α and β in-plane directions and the exponential matrix method in the z direction. Simply supported one-layered/multilayered structures with 0° or 90° orthotropic angles have been analysed. The results section is divided into a first part related to the validation of the proposed 3D model and a second part where new benchmark cases are presented and discussed. Different lamination schemes, load boundary conditions, geometries and materials are studied. Magneto-elastic coupling, thickness and material layer effects are discussed for thin and thick structures. The main novelty of the present exact 3D coupled magneto-elastic shell model stands in the ability to analyse several geometries and multilayered configurations embedding piezomagnetic materials under the action of different boundary loads via a general mathematical formulation.

The Assessment of the Influence of Low-Frequency Electromagnetic Fields Originated from the Power Infrastructure on Humans’ Health

The objective of this study is to assess the impact of low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF EMFs) generated by power infrastructure on the nearby environment. Measurements of electric (E) and magnetic (H) field intensities were conducted around high-voltage power lines, transformer stations and facilities related to them. Numerical simulations were also performed to model the distribution of the field values around real buildings in close proximity to power delivery systems. Given the ongoing scientific debate regarding the effects of EMFs on living organisms, the current analysis was based on the existing standards—particularly ICNIRP 2010 guidelines, which set the maximum allowable E and magnetic induction (B) values at 5 kV/m and 200 μT, respectively. Stricter national regulations were also examined, such as Poland’s 1 kV/m E limit in residential areas and Belgium’s 10 μT limit for B. The results showed that while most cases complied with ICNIRP 2010 standards, certain stricter local regulations were exceeded. Specifically, 9 of 14 cases exceeded Poland’s E limits, and 8 failed to meet Belgium’s B requirements. Only in one place—a warehouse near 110 kV power lines (in a critical case)—the ICNIRP limit B was exceeded. These findings underscore the variability in regulatory standards and highlight the need for localized assessments of EMF exposure.

Modeling and optimization of a modified iron-yoked electromagnetic propulsion system using the gravitational search algorithm

Potential uses for electromagnetic launchers in defense systems, space exploration, and transportation have recently emerged. In addition, this accelerator has many applications, such as deploying small satellites into low-earth orbit and accelerating high-speed trains (e.g., bullet trains and Hyperloop) with a low-cost propulsion system instead of expensive linear motors, particularly in space applications. Therefore, the full capability and optimization of these launchers’ efficiency are still required. Therefore, this paper focuses on presenting a new design to decrease the coil’s magnetic circuit reluctance and boost the magnetic flux lines by adding a laminated iron yoke surrounding the coil. This design makes the inductance value of the iron-yoked accelerator twice the inductance in case of the absence of the iron-yoke at its peak. Additionally, the initial inductance of the iron-yoked accelerator is approximately 65% higher than that of the coil without the iron yoke. Consequently, the modified design proposed an efficiency of 17.5%, which represents a 60% improvement over the efficiency of the regular accelerator. In addition, the introduced design eliminates the suck-back force using a fast-switching device (IGBT) to switch the coil off when the projectile reaches half of the coil. Moreover, a mathematical model for the iron-yoked accelerator is built on MATLAB Simulink and validated experimentally. An artificial intelligence optimization technique, the gravitational search algorithm (GSA), is used to optimize the accelerator parameters, such as the number of turns, capacitor value, and capacitor voltage. Finally, the experimental evaluation of the GSA-optimized system demonstrated an additional 15% enhancement in efficiency, bringing the total efficiency to 20%.

An application of multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay to improve the performance of wireless power transfer system

Introduction. The system of delivering electricity without wires is known as wireless power transfer (WPT). The WPT system has been extensively used in a number of industries, health, telecommunications, and transportation. However, the distance between the transmitter and receiver coils has a significant impact on its efficiency. Lower power can be generated between coils the farther apart they are, and vice versa. The novelty of the proposed work is innovative in that it develops a multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay to improve the WPT system’s performance and designs circular planar spiral coils to achieve an appropriate inductance value for the 5 kHz matching frequency. The goal of paper is to create a circular planar spiral coil with an appropriate inductance value for the 5 kHz matching frequency. Methods. The transmitter circuit, receiver circuit, and DC voltage source are parts of the WPT system. The inverter circuit uses the inductive coupling technique to transform the DC power source into AC voltage on the transmitter coil. The suggested coil is additionally employed as a multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay in order to increase the mutual inductance between the receiver and transmitter coils. Results. To monitor the power improvement that results from adding a multi-magnetic relay to the system, the transmitter coil, receiver coil, and multi-magnetic relay are positioned at specific distances from each other. With Vdc = 30 V and dtr = 21 cm, the power received at the receiver coil can therefore be improved by up to 67 %. Practical value. The multi-magnetic circular planar spiral relay applied in the WPT system has been investigated in an experimental study and it can be applied for DC load. References 26, table 1, figure 18.

A Decoupled Modulation Strategy for Constant Voltage/Current Wireless Charging System Under High Coils Misalignment

ABSTRACTOutput fluctuation and lower transmission efficiency under load and mutual inductance variation are hot concerned in the wireless charging system for power batteries. In this paper, a decoupled tracking strategy is proposed to realize constant voltage (CV) or current (CC) output and high transmission efficiency. The circuit model of series–series compensation network is built, and corresponding transmission characteristics can be derived. First, the load and mutual inductance value can be estimated by measuring the primary electrical information, including the inverter output voltage, current, and the phase error between them. Then load‐independent voltage or current output characteristics under coils misalignment can be maintained by tracking the optimal switching frequency of inverter part. In addition, the value of output voltage or current can be adjusted flexibly for different operation occasions by the employment of pulse‐width modulation. As a result, the load‐independent output characteristics realization and output adjustment can be decoupled. Based on only the primary measuring information, the CV/CC output can be maintained via the proposed hybrid control strategy when the coils misalignment and load variation happen, increasing the robustness of whole wireless power transfer (WPT) system. Furthermore, the soft switching of all power switches in the inverter part can be realized to reduce the switching loss. Compared with previous research, the proposed wireless charging system has a higher power density and a simplified control strategy. Finally, an experimental platform with 60‐V charging voltage and 3.6‐A charging current is built to verify the feasibility of the proposed sys‐tem and control method.

Design and Characterisation of a Novel Z-Shaped Inductor-Based Wireless Implantable Sensor for Surveillance of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Post-Endovascular Repair.

An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a dilation of the aorta over its normal diameter (> 3 cm). The minimally invasive treatment adopted uses a stent graft to be deployed into the aneurysm by a catheter to flow blood through it. However, this approach demands frequent monitoring using imaging modalities that involve radiation and contrast agents. Moreover, the multiple follow-ups are expensive, time-consuming, and resource-demanding for healthcare systems. This study proposes a novel wireless implantable medical sensor (WIMS) to measure the aneurysm growth after the endovascular repair. The proposed sensor is composed of a Z-shaped inductor, similar to a stent ring. The proposed design of the sensor is explored by investigating the inductance, resistance, and quality factor of different possible geometries related to a Z-shaped configuration, such as the height and number of struts. The study is conducted through a combination of numerical simulations and experimental tests, with the assessment being carried out at a frequency of 13.56 MHz. The results show that a higher number of struts result in higher values of inductance and resistance. On the other hand, the increase in the number of struts decreases the quality factor of the Z-shaped inductor due to the presence of high resistance from the inductor. Moreover, it is observed that the influence of the number of struts present in the Z-shaped inductor tends to decrease for larger radii. The numerical and experimental evaluation concludes the ability of the proposed sensor to measure the size of the aneurysm.

T-matrix of piezoelectric shunt inclusions on a thin plate

Developing piezoelectric-based plate-like metamaterials necessitates an effective modeling method to elucidate the omnidirectional wave properties of piezoelectric coupled inclusions on a thin plate. The commonly used methods, such as the transfer-matrix method and finite element method, are inadequate for analyzing the transmission and reflection of omnidirectional waves in a two-dimensional elastic medium. Unlike the existing methods, the multiple scattering method employs Bessel functions as the displacement-basis methods which can accurately describe the propagation and scattering characteristics of omnidirectional waves. This paper develops a novel T-matrix formulation to support the multiple scattering method, representing the input-output relationship between incident and reflected waves from a piezoelectric shunt inclusion on a host thin plate. The piezoelectric shunt inclusion comprises a varying-thickness substrate bonded with piezoelectric shunting patches. The T-matrix of the piezoelectric shunt inclusion is formulated by integrating the wave-based method with Rayleigh-Ritz method. The derived T-matrix is then used to semi-analytically analyze the far-field scattering and reflection properties of a single inclusion. Numerical results capture the scattering properties resulting from trapped mode resonances of the piezoelectric shunt inclusion. Additionally, the capability of the piezoelectric shunt damping to design and tune multiple critical coupling conditions for axisymmetric modes of thin plates is parametrically investigated by varying the values of inductors and resistors.

Simplified Finite Control Set Model Predictive Control for single-phase grid-tied inverters with twisted parameters

Large computational burden, time delay, and the necessity for precise modeling accuracy are the three main challenges for Finite Control Set-Model Predictive Control (FCS-MPC) in single-phase grid-tied inverters. To solve these issues, a twisted parameter scheme is proposed for the single-phase inverter in this article. Firstly, the law regarding the influence of the model parameter on the current total harmonic distortion (THD) is outlined, emphasizing that a decrease in the inductance parameter leads to a corresponding reduction in current THD. Second, a linear observer is constructed to identify the actual value of inductance and resistance, and an RBF-GA (Radial Basis Function neural network-Genetic Algorithm) scheme is used to obtain the optimal twisted parameter. Subsequently, the efficacy of the proposed methods was verified utilizing MATLAB/Simulink simulations, with further validation conducted through hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) experiments performed on Speedgoat performance real-time target machines. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate that within a specific range, decreasing the inductance parameter can significantly improve the quality of the current. Furthermore, the proposed method outperforms the traditional delay compensation method by reducing computational complexity, minimizing prediction error, and decreasing the number of switching transitions.

Induction Coil Design Considerations for High-Frequency Domestic Cooktops

The use of wide band gap (WBG) semiconductor switches in power converters is increasing day by day due to their superior chemical and physical properties, such as electrical field strength, drift speed, and thermal conductivity. These new-generation power switches offer advantages over traditional induction cooker systems, such as fast and environmentally friendly heating. The size of passive components can be reduced, and the decreasing inductance value of induction coils and capacitors with low ESR (equivalent series resistance) values contributes to total efficiency. Other design parameters, such as passive components with lower values, heatsinks with low volumes, cooling fans with low power, and induction coils with fewer turns, can offset the cost of WBG power devices. High-frequency operation can also be effective in heating non-ferromagnetic materials like aluminum and copper, making them suitable for heating these types of pans without complex induction coil and power converter designs. However, the use of these new generation power switches necessitates a re-examination of induction coil design. High switching frequency leads to a high resonance frequency in the power converter, which requires lower-value passive components compared to conventional cookers. The most important component is the induction coil, which requires fewer turns and magnetic cores. This study examines the induction heating equivalent circuit, discusses the general structure and design parameters of the induction coil, and performs FEM (finite element method) analyses using Ansys Maxwell. The results show that the induction coil inductance value in new-generation cookers decreases by 80% compared to traditional cookers, and the number of windings and magnetic cores decreases by 50%. These analyses, performed for high-power applications, are also performed for low-power applications. While the inductance value of the induction coil is 90 μH at low frequencies, it is reduced to the range of 5 μH to 20 μH at high frequencies. The number of windings is reduced by half or a quarter. The new-generation cooker system experimentally verifies the coil design based on the parameters derived from the analysis.

Electromagnetic Fields Calculation and Optimization of Structural Parameters for Axial and Radial Helical Air-Core Inductors

To improve the current density distribution and electromagnetic performance of air-core inductors, a structural optimization method combining back-propagation(BP) neural network and genetic algorithm(GA) is proposed for the study of axial and radial spiral multi-winding inductors. The Monte Carlo method was used to extract the structural size samples of the inductors, and the training dataset was obtained through the finite element calculation of electromagnetic fields. Based on BP neural networks, nonlinear mapping models between the inductance value, volumetric inductance density, current distribution non-uniformity coefficient, and inductor structural parameters were constructed. A sensitivity analysis of the inductor inductance value affected by the structural parameters was conducted using the Sobol index calculation. Using the current distribution non-uniformity coefficient as the fitness function and the volumetric inductance density as the constraint condition, a genetic algorithm was applied to globally optimize the structural parameters of the inductor. The optimization results were verified through a finite element comparison. The results show that, under the requirement of satisfying the volumetric inductance density, the current distribution non-uniformity coefficient of the Axial Helical Inductor (AHI)-type inductor was reduced by 4.57% compared with the best sample in the sampling, while that of the Radial Helical Inductor (RHI)-type inductor was reduced by 5.33%, demonstrating the practicality of the BP-GA joint algorithm in the structural optimization design of inductors.

Magneto-elastic for wireless intraocular pressure monitoring

Increased intraocular pressure (IOP) can lead to optic nerve damage and various ocular diseases, including glaucoma, which is the primary cause of irreversible blindness. Thus, IOP monitoring is essential, but traditional tonometers are uncomfortable and inappropriate for continuous monitoring. Herein, we propose the combination of magneto-elastic sensing with smart contact lenses for IOP monitoring, offering the advantages of simple design, contactless detection, and low-frequency which is strong anti-interference. The Magneto-Elastic Sensor based IOP Monitoring System combines a magnetic contact lens (MCL) with a wireless signal reading circuit. When the MCL undergoes deformation in response to changes in IOP, this deformation affects the inductance value of the detecting coil, and the circuit collects data from the detecting coil to measure the variations in IOP. The MCL utilizes the commonly available and cost-effective Fe3O4 as the sensing layer. The sensing approach achieved a sensitivity of 0.114 nH/mmHg on an artificial rubber eye in vitro, while also demonstrating high resistance to interference from daily objects and the human body. Besides, this non-contact method allows for continuous, convenient, and comfortable monitoring of IOP. The system demonstrates the potential for integration into the metaverse and has shown high biocompatibility and comfortable wearability through testing.

Multiple-Split Transmitting Coils for Stable Output Power in Wireless Power Transfer System with Variable Airgaps

In this paper, a tunable multi-split transmitting (TX) coil for a wireless power transfer (WPT) system that accommodates a wide range of distances between the TX and receiving (RX) coils is proposed. This method enables the WPT system to maintain a stable and consistent output power supply to the load, regardless of variations in coupling coefficients caused by changes in the distance between the TX and RX coils. The tunable multi-split TX coil can operate in various modes depending on how the wire connections between each TX coil are configured. This approach adjusts the inductance value of the TX coil for different conditions, using the same amount of coil as a conventional single-loop TX coil. The results show that by adjusting the TX coil to three different modes as the airgap varies from 50 mm to 250 mm, consistent output power is achieved with smaller variations in the input current and voltage compared to those in a conventional system. A conventional system requires an input voltage increase of approximately 529.64%, while the proposed system requires only a 42.93% increase. The proposed system enhances the power transfer capacity of the WPT system, particularly when operating in an over-coupling state. This approach provides a stable output power supply with a standardized and simplified TX coil structure.

Change in Endogenous Pain Modulation Depending on Emotional States in Healthy Subjects: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Chronic pain is a public health issue, leading to substantial healthcare costs and diminished quality of life for sufferers. While the role of anxiety in pain modulation has been extensively studied, the effects of other emotional states on the body's pain control mechanisms remain less understood. This study sought to explore how different emotions (happiness, anger, sadness, and interest) affect conditioned pain modulation (CPM) and the wind-up phenomenon in healthy adults. This randomized controlled, cross-over trial involved 28healthy participants aged 18-60. Participants watched video clips designed to induce specific emotions: happiness, anger, sadness, and interest. Emotional states were assessed using a 7-point Likert scale. Pain modulation was measured using CPM and the wind-up phenomenon. CPM was assessed with a hot water bath as the conditioning stimulus and pressure pain tolerance as the test stimulus. Wind-up was measured using pinprick needle stimulators and a visual analog scale. Data were analyzed using paired ttests to compare pre- and post-emotion induction values. Significant changes in emotional self-assessment values were observed for all emotions. Happiness increased CPM (4.6 ± 11.4, p = 0.04277), while sadness - 9.9 ± 23.1, p = 0.03211) and anger - 9.1 ±23.3, p = 0.04804) decreased it. Interest did not significantly alter CPM (- 5.1 ± 25.8, p = 0.31042). No significant effects were found for the wind-up phenomenon across any emotional states. This study shows that emotional states significantly affect the body's ability to modulate pain. Positive emotions like happiness enhance pain inhibition, while negative emotions such as sadness and anger impair it. These findings suggest that emotional modulation techniques could be integrated into pain management strategies to improve patient outcomes. Further research should explore a broader range of emotions and include objective measures to validate these results.

Ripple current control for single phase-shift dual active bridge converters

Nowadays, the need for isolated bidirectional DC/DC converters is growing. In these types of equipment, the dual active bridge topology is widespread, where mostly the trans- former leakage inductance value determines its dynamic behavior. Voltage imbalance between the primary and secondary side results in unwanted excessive transformer peak current if the leakage in- ductance is low, thus limiting the load transient response of the converter. In this paper, a ripple current control method is pre- sented, which reduces the transformer peak current to its minimal level, furthermore, allows the magnetizing current components to be distributed between the primary and secondary sides in an ar- bitrary proportion. The proposed control was tested in HIL sim- ulation and on a real 360kW dual active bridge converter. Based on the results the current stress on semiconductors and DC capac- itors were reduced while the utilization and the efficiency of the converter were increased.