Values Of Baryon Chemical Potential Research Articles

Impact of hadronic interactions and conservation laws on cumulants of conserved charges in a dynamical model

Understanding the phase diagram of QCD by measuring fluctuations of conserved charges in heavy-ion collision is one of the main goals of the beam energy scan program at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Within this work, we calculate the role of hadronic interactions and momentum cuts on cumulants of conserved charges up to fourth order in a system in equilibrium within a hadronic transport approach (smash). In our model the net baryon, net charge, and net strangeness are perfectly conserved on an event-by-event basis and the cumulants are calculated as a function of subvolume sizes and compared to analytic expectations. We find a modification of the kurtosis due to charge annihilation processes in systems with simplified degrees of freedom. Furthermore the result of the full smash hadron gas for the net baryon and net proton number fluctuations is presented for systems with zero and finite values of baryon chemical potential. Additionally we find that due to dynamical correlations the cumulants of the net baryon number cannot easily be recovered from the net protons. Finally the influence of deuteron cluster formation on the net proton and net baryon fluctuations in a simplified system is shown. This analysis is important to better understand the relation between measurements of fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions and theoretical calculations which are often performed in a grand canonical ensemble.

QCD equation of state at finite densities for nuclear collisions

We construct the QCD equation of state at finite chemical potentials including net baryon, electric charge, and strangeness based on the results of lattice QCD simulations and the hadron resonance gas model. The situation of strangeness neutrality and a fixed charge-to-baryon ratio, which resembles that of heavy nuclei, is considered for the application to relativistic heavy-ion collisions. This increases the values of baryon chemical potential compared to the case of vanishing strangeness and electric charge chemical potentials, modifying the fireball trajectory in the phase diagram. We perform viscous hydrodynamic simulations and demonstrate the importance of multiple chemical potentials for identified particle production in heavy-ion collisions at the RHIC and SPS beam energy scan energies.

Influence of Finite Volume Effect on the Polyakov Quark–Meson Model

In the current work, we study the influence of a finite volume on 2 + 1 S U ( 3 ) Polyakov Quark–Meson model (PQM) order parameters, (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges and the quark–hadron phase boundary. Our study of the PQM model order parameters and the (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges indicates a sizable shift of the quark–hadron phase boundary to higher values of baryon chemical potential ( μ B ) and temperature (T) for decreasing the system volume. The detailed study of such effect could have important implications for the extraction of the (fluctuations) correlations of conserved charges of the QCD phase diagram from heavy ion data.