Values Of 2a Research Articles

Synthesis, DNA/BSA binding and DNA photocleavage properties of water soluble BODIPY dyes

In this study, new BODIPY dyes (2, 3) and their water soluble derivatives (2a, 3a) were synthesized for the first time. The identity of BODIPY dyes 2-3a were confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, FT-IR, UV–Vis and mass spectrometry. The binding properties of 2a and 3a with CT-DNA have been investigated absorption titration, competitive ethidium bromide, viscosity and electrophoresis experiments. These binding studies claimed that 2a and 3a intercalate with CT-DNA. The Kb values of 2a and 3a calculated as 3.58 ± (0.08) × 105 M−1 and 1.27 ± (0.10) × 105 M−1, indicating that the compounds have strong binding affinities to CT-DNA. The DNA-photocleavage activities of 2a and 3a were investigated using supercoiled pBR322 plasmid DNA on agarose gel electrophoresis. 2a and 3a have remarkable photocleavage activities in the presence of irradiation at 650 ± 20 nm via hydroxyl radical and singlet oxygen pathways. To determine to quenching mechanism of BSA with compounds were performed using UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy. The results demonstrated that the compounds might bind to BSA via static quenching mechanism. The results suggested that synthesized new water soluble BODIPY compounds have strong affinity to CT-DNA and BSA and can effectively cleavage activities by irradiation.

Highly CO2-permeable and -permselective poly(diphenylacetylene)s having imidazolium salts: Synthesis, characterization, gas permeation properties, and effects of counter anion

Diphenylacetylenes having a 2-bromoethoxy group [p-(BrCH2CH2O)C6H4CCC6H4-p-R; R = SiMe3 (1a), H (1c)] were synthesized and then polymerized with TaCl5/n-Bu4Sn catalyst to provide the corresponding poly(diphenylacetylene)s (2a and 2c). These polymers afforded tough free-standing membranes by casting from toluene solutions. Substitution of 1-methylimidazole to the membrane (2a) gave an imidazolium salt-containing poly(diphenylacetylene) [3a (Br−)]. Membrane of 3b (Br−) was obtained by desilylation of 3a (Br−) using HBr. Counter anions of 3a (Br−) could be exchanged by the treatment of the membrane with CF3COOK and (CF3SO2)2NLi, and the membranes 3a (TFAc−) and 3a (Tf2N−) were obtained. The carbon dioxide permeability coefficients (PCO2) of membranes of 2a and 2c were 250 and 21 barrers, respectively. The PCO2/PN2 values of 2a and 2c were 16 and 11, respectively, which are ordinary values among all the polymers. In contrast, introduction of 1-methylimidazole into the membranes remarkably increased the CO2/N2 selectivity (PCO2/PN2 = 31–44), although the CO2 permeability decreased. The increase in the CO2/N2 selectivity was attributed to the significant increase of CO2/N2 solubility selectivity. The PCO2 values of 3a (Br−), 3a (TFAc−), and 3a (Tf2N−) were 11, 23, 53, respectively, indicating that the CO2 permeability increased as the counter anion became bulkier.

Oxovanadium complexes with quinoline and pyridinone ligands: Syntheses of the complexes and effect of alkyl chains on their apoptosis-inducing activity in leukemia cells

Vanadium complexes with quinoline ligands (1b–g) and pyridinone ligands (2b–d) were synthesized, and the effect of the length and shape of alkyl chains on the antiproliferative activity toward U937 cells was studied. For the synthesis of the vanadium complexes, quinoline and pyridinone ligands were prepared and then treated with VOSO4 or VO(acac)2. The vanadyl(IV) complexes were characterized by IR, ESR, and UV–vis spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The antiproliferative activity of 1a–g toward U937 cells showed little dependence on the length and shape of the alkyl chain. In contrast, a good correlation was found between the IC50 values and partition coefficients (logP) values of 2a–c. Among them, 2c showed the highest inhibitory activity, and its IC50 value was smaller than that of cisplatin. The apoptosis-inducing ability of 2b and 2c was supported by annexin V-propidium iodide staining experiments and agarose gel electrophoresis analysis. Inhibitors of caspase-3, -8, and -9 did not affect the antiproliferative activity of 2c, indicating that the apoptosis induced by 2c was via a caspase-independent pathway.

STRESS RELAXATION AND LOW FIELD PROTON MAGNETIC RESONANCE STUDIES OF CHEESE ANALOG*

Cheese analog samples were prepared using two different sources of fat milkfat and vegetable oil. The rheological properties of the samples, which ranged in moisture from 42.5 to 50%, were examined using compression and stress relaxation tests. The values of peak stress (s̀ at 50% strain) from the compression tests and the initial stress (s̀o), equilibrium stress (s̀e), and elastic constant (g1) from the stress relaxation tests, were compared. All four values were higher for the samples containing milkfat as compared to the samples containing vegetable oil. For both analog formulations, moisture content was negatively correlated with values of s̀o (R2 > 0.91), s̀o (R2 > 0.80) and g1 (R2 > 0.94) at 40 mm/min crosshead speed. The CPMG‐T2 relaxation curves of the samples were determined using a low field (5.35 MHz) proton magnetic resonance sensor. The T2 relaxation data were fit to a two‐term exponential model having time constants T2a and T2b In the model, the coefficients α and β indicated, respectively, the contribution of T2b and T2b to the T2 relaxation. The T2a value was associated with the water in the analog cheese while the T2b value was associated with the oil. The T2a value was correlated (R2 > 0.95) with the relative proportion of water in each sample. It increased as the moisture content increased. There were negative correlations between T2a and s̀o, s̀e, and g1 from the stress relaxation tests.

Temperature dependence of proton spin-lattice and spin-spin relaxation times of highly stretched isotactic polypropylene film

Proton spin-lattice, T 1, and spin-spin, T 2, relaxation times of highly stretched isotactic polypropylene film were measured in the temperature range 40–110°C. There is a monotonical increase in T 1, when measured at 40°C, as the stretching ratio is increased. A shorter T 1, T 1s, was observed for all samples. A plot of T 1 vs (temperature) −1 shows clear differences in the T 1 behaviour between the samples stretched to λ = 15 and 20; e.g. there is a somewhat longer T 1 for the sample stretched to λ = 20. All samples exhibit three different T 2s associated with the regions with different molecular mobility. T 2a ( T 2 of the most mobile amorphous regions) decreases gradually, when measured at 40°C, with increasing stretching ratio. The variation of T 2a at high stretching ratio ( λ > 10) is relatively small and an even higher T 2a value was observed for the sample stretched to λ = 20.

Analytical Solution to a Waveguide Leaky-Wave Filter Structure

Leaky-wave absorption filters have been found advantageous for the suppression of spurious energy of high-power transmitters. However, although there are experimental data of the properties of several specially constructed leaky-wave filters, there are apparently little data relating the effect upon the attenuation of the filters of varying one or more of the possible parameters of their design. In this paper a waveguide leaky-wave filter structure that retains the basic geometry of waveguide leaky-wave filters is analyzed theoretically over a finite frequency range. The complex propagation constant for the least-attenuated leaky-wave mode is obtained by reducing the fundamental integral equation to a transverse resonance equation and solving the reduced equation. The attenuation constant of the least-attenuated mode is obtained for values of 2a//spl lambda/ (i.e., the ratio of waveguide width to one half the freespace wavelength) ranging from 0 to 2. Its dependence on various design parameters of leaky-wave filters, such as main waveguide height, spacing of the coupling slots, width of coupling slots and height of the absorbing waveguides is presented. Good correspondence between theoretically computed curves and experimental data was obtained.

Genetics of dermal ridges; the relation between total ridge-count and the variability of counts from finger to finger.

SummaryPart 1Frequency distributions for the finger ridge‐count on each of the ten digits in a population sample of 825 males and 825 females are given, together with their respective means and standard deviations.The highest means are those for digit I, followed in order by those for digits IV, V, III and II.The mean ridge‐count is significantly greater on each digit in males, the difference being greatest on digit I of both hands.The mean ridge‐count on the right hand is significantly greater than that on the left on digit I in both sexes and on digit II in females.Digit II shows the greatest variability in ridge‐count and digit V the least. Part 2A value S2, the sum of squares of deviations of the ten separate finger ridge‐counts from their mean, has been used as a measure of the variability between the digits of an individual.The joint distribution of this variable with the total finger ridge‐count, Q, is given for 825 males and 825 females, respectively.In both sexes the distribution is arch‐shaped, with entries decreasing from the base to the apex, while the regression of S2 on Q is a curved line. In each case there are signs of trimodality.The joint distribution of (S/√ 10) and Q is also given for each sex.The correlation between S2 and Q is negative in both sexes: r=–0–195 ± 0–03 for males and r=—0–12 + 0–03 for females. These values are significant.The characteristic features of the joint distribution of S2 and Q are discussed with a view to their possible genetic significance.The data used for this paper are filed in the archives at the Galton Laboratory.